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川东高陡断褶带构造特征及其演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在川东地震资料基础上,结合地质资料,系统分析了川东高陡构造特征、演化特征及成因机制。川东高陡断褶带经历了由拉张向挤压转变的动力学环境,主要划分为4期构造演化阶段:弱褶皱阶段(印支期以前)、褶皱雏形阶段(印支期)、褶皱活跃阶段(燕山期)、褶皱定型阶段(喜马拉雅期)。川东高陡断褶带现今构造格局受早期基底断裂控制、晚期多期挤压构造叠加改造,定型"隔挡式"高陡断褶带排状展布;受纵向2套主要膏盐滑脱层及1套次要泥页岩滑脱层影响,川东断褶带纵向上可划分为3个构造形变层,在多期挤压应力过程中,各构造层纵向上形成、演化具有差异性,构造形态截然不同。四川盆地多期挤压构造叠加改造对川东盐类矿床和油气保存产生了重要影响。 相似文献
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湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内递进扩展变形: 来自裂变径迹和平衡剖面的证据 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
从湘鄂西到川东近400 km宽阔的中上扬子陆内中古生界变形是江南—雪峰陆内造山作用向西北方向递进扩展变形的结果.利用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄测定和埋藏热历史模拟以及雪峰山—华蓥山构造剖面的平衡演变分析方法, 揭示出自湘鄂西向川东华蓥山构造变形发展的时代从165 Ma到95 Ma, 具有递进变新的趋势.湘鄂西断褶带厚皮构造变形缩短率小于川东断褶带薄皮构造的变形缩短率, 但侏罗纪时期湘鄂西断褶带的缩短速率却明显大于早白垩世早中时期川东断褶带东南段的缩短速率, 而早白垩世早中时期川东断褶带东南段的缩短速率又大于早白垩世晚期川东断褶带北西段的缩短速率, 反映基底卷入程度和推挤力源的强度大小是控制缩短率和缩短速率的主要原因.这些结果表明湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内变形具有大跨度穿时递进扩展的特征和方式, 并且由于基底的差异和卷入程度的不同以及滑脱层参与深度和程度的不同, 不同构造带缩短率和缩短速率的变化反映出明显的陆内变形及其动力学的差异.研究推测, 如果江南—雪峰隆起是原地或准原地体, 则湘鄂西—川东陆内构造递进扩展变形的"发动机"在桃源—怀化一线, 该线亦是江南—雪峰中生代陆内造山作用开始发轫并向南北两侧呈花状扩展的位置. 相似文献
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上扬子地台区可分为５个断褶构造区。Ｉ区，川西－藏东－滇西断褶构造区。Ⅱ区，滇东－桂北－贵州－湘西断褶构造区。这两区断褶构造发育程度高，海相古生界和中生界油气资源遭到严重破坏；另一方面，沿断裂带岩浆活动频繁，又为金属矿床的形成提供了丰富的物质来源，成为我国多金属矿产高度集中和富集的地区之一。Ⅲ区，黔北－鄂西－川东断褶构造区，此区可分为两个亚区：黔北－鄂西断褶亚区和川东断褶亚区。前者发育高陡背斜和窄向 相似文献
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对川东-湘鄂西断褶带内鄂西地区的弧形构造,从构造剖面特征、叠加褶皱样式和断裂性质入手进行几何学和运动学分析。结果发现鄂西弧形构造具有多期变形特征:早期普遍为北东东向的直线型褶皱,随着弧形带扩展,在东、西两翼分别发育右行和左行的逆冲-走滑断裂,同时分别形成北北东向和北西西向的弧形褶皱。晚期弧形带中部发育北北东向构造并叠加改造了早期北东东和北西西向褶皱,同时在黄陵背斜以西还发育交切早期构造的北北西向仙女山右行走滑断裂。根据弧形带扩展的几何学-运动学分类原则,并结合前人的古地磁研究结果,推测鄂西弧形构造应属于构造弯曲形成的弯曲弧。区域滑脱层和黄陵隆起阻挡可能是控制弧形样式的主要原因。区域滑脱层控制了拆离滑脱褶皱的构造样式; 黄陵基底隆起的阻挡作用使弧形带东翼进一步弯曲变形,并导致了构造应力场方向发生改变,造成了晚期北北东向与早期北东东向构造的叠加。由此恢复的鄂西弧形构造变形过程对于揭示川东-湘鄂西断褶带构造演化具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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甘肃环县西部侏罗系下统延安组中赋存丰富的煤炭资源。通过探讨该区地层、构造的形成和演化过程,分析该区地质构造及其对煤层形成与赋存的控制作用,结果发现:本区煤系及煤层的分布规律受基底构造、同沉积构造及后期构造活动的改造等综合作用的控制与影响,该区煤系及煤层呈南北条带状分布于青龙山断褶带和沙井子断褶带的次级凹陷内,且分布范围和埋藏深度受断褶带内次级构造的控制,使煤系和煤层大致呈北部浅、南部深、东部浅、西部深的特点。因此,今后的找煤重点应放在沙井子、甜水堡、王洼和罗洼外围的青龙山断褶带和沙井子断褶带的次级凹陷内。 相似文献
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四川盆地东部高褶带三叠系地层卤水和温泉的地球化学特征及成因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
四川盆地是我国著名的大型沉积盆地,地下卤水资源丰富,在川东宣汉地区的川25井曾发现富钾卤水。本文对川东高陡褶皱带三叠系碳酸盐岩地下水的分布和富集进行分析,对川25井和卧57井深层卤水以及仙女山温泉和统景温泉的水化学特征进行总结并探讨其成因。认为当背斜核部的三叠系地层埋藏较深、封闭性较好时,有利于深层卤水的富集;在半开启-开启型背斜中,背斜核部受到强烈的风化侵蚀作用,三叠系地层裸露地表,接受大气降水入渗淋滤,不利于高TDS卤水保存。深层卤水的水化学类型均为Cl-Na型,富集Br-、Li-、Sr2-、I-、B3+等微量元素,是同生沉积卤水。其中川25井是少见的高TDS富钾卤水,其TDS达352.693g/L,已达到泻利盐沉积阶段,K+异常富集,达25.955g/L。仙女山温泉和统景温泉地下热水为SO4-Ca型,富集Sr2+、F-、偏硅酸等。稳定性同位素δ2 H、δ18 O数据显示川东深层卤水均起源于古海水,仙女山温泉和统景温泉地下热水补给来源为大气降水。地下水在背斜核部三叠系裸露区接受大气降水的入渗补给,经历深循环获得加热后在地形较低的河谷处呈温泉出露。地下(热)水为溶滤围岩形成TDS不高(2~3g/L)的地下水,其总体趋势是朝着淡化的方向发展。 相似文献
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为研究四川省康定市二道桥地区地下热水稳定同位素特征和热储温度,对二道桥地区5个温泉(井)即二道桥温泉(SC107、SC107-2)、康巴人家温泉(SC107-3)、自流热水井(SC107-4)、自喷热水井(SC107-5)进行调查和分析。研究区温泉的分布及出露主要受雅拉沟断裂和雅拉河谷控制。温泉水温33.2~46 ℃,为中低温温泉,pH为6~6.5。水样的氢氧稳定同位素特征表明研究区地下热水的补给来源为大气降水。利用氢氧稳定同位素高程效应及温度效应估算区内地下热水补给区高程为3 000~4 500 m,补给区温度为-3.5~-0.3 ℃,表明地下热水有一部分补给源自附近山区的冰雪融水。Na-K-Mg三角图显示研究区热水均为未成熟水,不宜用阳离子地热温标计算热储温度。应用SiO2地热温标、多矿物饱和指数法以及用固定铝方法对部分温泉多矿物平衡图进行修正,得出研究区地下热水的热储温度为65~75 ℃。研究区温泉在东部跑马山以及西部农戈山附近接受大气降水补给,降水沿着大雪山—农戈山断裂和跑马山断裂下渗,地下水经历深循环,在此过程中获得大地热流加热,最终在雅拉河谷雅拉沟断裂附近出露成泉。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):287-300
The chemical and isotopic characteristics (oxygen, hydrogen, and strontium) of spring waters and isotopic compositions of helium (He) and neon (Ne) in gases escaping from spring waters in the Lanping–Simao Basin are studied. A total of twenty-one spring water samples (twelve hot springs, four cold springs, and five saline springs) and eleven gas samples were collected from the study area, including one spring and one gas sample from northern Laos. It is found that saline spring waters in the study area are of chloride type, cold spring waters are of carbonate type or sulfate type, and hot spring waters are of various types. High total dissolved solids levels in saline springs are significantly related to Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene salt-bearing strata. On the basis of hydrochemical geothermometry, the reservoir temperatures (Tr) for hot springs, cold springs, and saline springs are 65.5–144.1, 37.8–64.4, and 65.1–109.0 °C, respectively, and the circulation depths of saline springs are much larger than those of hot and cold springs. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of springs in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos are primarily controlled by meteoric waters with obvious latitude and altitude effects, and are also influenced by δ18O exchange to some extent. Most Sr2+ in spring waters of the study area is derived from varied sources (carbonate, evaporite, and silicate mineral dissolution), and the Sr isotopic compositions are greatly influenced by volcanic rocks. Wide distribution of crust-derived He in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos reveal that faults in these areas may not descend to the upper mantle. It is concluded that water circulation in the study area may be limited above the upper mantle, while saline springs may originate from the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene evaporites. Hydrochemical characteristics demonstrate affinities among the Lanping–Simao Basin, northern Laos, and Yanjing, eastern Tibet, while disaffinities are observed between these areas and Tengchong on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics and noble gas isotopic compositions. 相似文献
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To study arsenic(As) content and distribution patterns as well as the genesis of different kinds of water, especially the different sources of drinking water in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi province, China, 139 water samples were collected at 62 sampling points from wells of different depths, from hot springs, and rivers. The As content of these samples was measured by the intermittent flowhydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method(HG-AFS). The As concentrations in the drinking water in Guanzhong Basin vary greatly(0.00–68.08 μg/L), and the As concentration of groundwater in southern Guanzhong Basin is different from that in the northern Guanzhong Basin. Even within the same location in southern Guanzhong Basin, the As concentrations at different depths vary greatly. As concentration of groundwater from the shallow wells(50 m deep, 0.56–3.87 μg/L) is much lower than from deep wells(110–360 m deep, 19.34–62.91 μg/L), whereas As concentration in water of any depth in northern Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. Southern Guanzhong Basin is a newly discovered high-As groundwater area in China. The high-As groundwater is mainly distributed in areas between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe River; it has only been found at depths ranging from 110 to 360 m in confined aquifers, which store water in the Lishi and Wucheng Loess(Lower and Middle Pleistocene) in the southern Guanzhong Basin. As concentration of hot spring water is 6.47–11.94 μg/L; that of geothermal water between 1000 and 1500 m deep is 43.68–68.08 μg/L. The high-As well water at depths from 110 to 360 m in southern Guanzhong Basin has a very low fluorine(F) value, which is generally 0.10 mg/L. Otherwise, the hot springs of Lintong and Tangyu and the geothermal water in southern Guanzhong Basin have very high F values(8.07–14.96 mg/L). The results indicate that highAs groundwater in depths from 110 to 360 m is unlikely to have a direct relationship with the geothermal water in the same area. As concentration of all reservoirs and rivers(both contaminated and uncontaminated) in the Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. This shows that pollution in the surface water is not the source of the high-As in the southern Guanzhong Basin. The partition boundaries of the high- and low-As groundwater area corresponds to the partition boundaries of the tectonic units in the Guanzhong Basin. This probably indicates that the high-As groundwater areas can be correlated to their geological underpinning and structural framework. In southern Guanzhong Basin, the main sources of drinking water for villages and small towns today are wells between 110–360 m deep. All of their As contents exceed the limit of the Chinese National Standard and the International Standard(10 μg/L) and so local residents should use other sources of clean water that are 50 m deep, instead of deep groundwater(110 to 360 m) for their drinking water supply. 相似文献
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Guo Juan Zhou Xun Wang Lidong Zhang Yuqi Shen Xiaowei Zhou Haiyan Ye Shen Fang Bin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(4):1137-1151
Natural springs have the potential to provide important information on hydrogeochemical processes within aquifers. This study used traditional and classic technical methods and procedures to determine the characteristics and evolution of springs to gain further knowledge on the differences between hot saline springs and cold fresh springs. In a short river segment near Wenquanzhen in the eastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China, several natural springs coexist with total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from less than 1 to 15 g/L and temperatures from 15 to 40 °C. The springs emanate from the outcropping Lower and Middle Triassic carbonates in the river valley cutting the core of an anticline. The cold springs are of Cl·HCO3-Na·Ca and Cl·SO4-Na types, and the hot saline springs are mainly of Cl-Na type. The chemistry of the springs has undergone some changes with time. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that the spring waters are of a meteoric origin. The salinity of the springs originates from dissolution of minerals, including halite, gypsum, calcite and dolomite. The evolution of the springs involves the following mechanisms: the groundwater receives recharge from infiltration of precipitation, then undergoes deep circulation in the core of the anticline (incongruent dissolution of the salt-bearing strata occurs), and emerges in the river valley in the form of hot springs with high TDS. Groundwater also undergoes shallow circulation in the northern and southern flanks of the anticline and appears in the river valley in the form of cold springs with low TDS.
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The tectonic position of Egypt in the northeastern corner of the African continent suggests that it may possess significant geothermal resources, especially along its eastern margin. The most of the thermal springs in Egypt are located along the shores of Gulf of Suez and Red Sea. These springs are probably tectonic or nonvolcanic origin associated with the opening of the Red Sea—Gulf of Suez rifts, where the eastern shore of the Gulf of Suez is characterized by superficial thermal manifestations including a cluster of hot springs with varied temperatures. Hammam Faraun area consists of the hottest spring in Egypt where the water temperature is 70°C. Conceptual as well as numerical models were made on the Hammam Faraun hot spring based on geological, geochemical, and geophysical data. The models show that the heat source of the hot spring is probably derived from high heat flow and deep water circulation controlled by faults associated with the opening of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez rifts. 相似文献
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青海共和盆地地处"秦昆岔口"的新生代断陷盆地,盆缘构造岩浆岩带发育,活动断裂、温泉密集,超过60℃的温泉6处,最高可达93.5℃;盆地内温泉成群分布,地热钻井揭露温度高,1203m钻孔(R1)实测孔底温度可达83℃,969m钻孔(QR1)实测孔底温度为70℃,地温梯度高达6～7℃/100m,是正常地温梯度的2倍,地热增温随深度增大而升高,推测3000m温度可达200℃,并在(QR1)孔底见36m花岗岩;地震反射波和可控源音频大地电磁测深推断基底斜坡界面对应重力低异常,可认为重力低异常为花岗岩引起,作为盆地热源可能存在干热岩。 相似文献
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四川昭觉县作为国家级贫困县,位于甘孜—新龙—理塘地热带的延伸区域内,拥有丰富的地热资源,但利用率低。为了揭示川西甘孜—新龙—理塘地热带热循环机理,助力当地的扶贫攻坚,合理开发利用地热资源,选择四川昭觉竹核温泉为研究对象,对其进行水化学和稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明:竹核温泉的水化学类型为HCO3-Na型,补给区的温度约为14.71 ℃,补给高程为3 345~3 560 m;采用SiO2地热温标法计算出热储平均温度为95.41 ℃,利用混合模型和硅-焓图解法估算出大温泉的混入冷水比例分别为77%、75.95%,小温泉的混入冷水比例分别为81%、78.61%,储热循环的深度范围为3 426.38~3 766.81 m;竹核温泉受木佛山断层和竹核断层等断裂带控制,在地热深循环的过程中与浅层冷水发生混合,与围岩发生水-岩反应,出露地表形成了以“大温泉、小温泉”为中心的中-低温地热资源。 相似文献
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Shale gas is a resource of emerging importance in the energy field. Many countries in the world have been making big financial investments in this area. Carboniferous shale in the eastern Qaidam Basin shows good exploration prospects, but limited research and exploration work for shale oil and gas resources has been undertaken. Geochemical analyses were performed on shale derived from the Upper Carboniferous Hurleg Formation in the eastern Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, and secondary electron imaging capability of a Field Emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure of the shale. The reservoir and exploitation potential of the studied shale was assessed by comparison with research results obtained from the Barnett Formation shale in Fort Worth Basin, North America and the Basin shale of Sichuan province. The results indicate that the eastern Qaidam Basin Carboniferous shale is high-quality source rock. There are four major microstructural types in the study area: matrix intergranular pores, dissolution pores, intergranular pores, and micro-fractures. The size of the micropores varies from 6–633 nm, the majority of which is between 39–200 nm, with a relatively small number of micro-scale pores ranging from 0.13–1 μm. The pore characteristics of the studied shales are similar to the North American and Sichuanese shales, indicating that they have good reservoir potential. No micropores are present in the organic matter, which is induced by its composition; instead we found an important lamellar structure in the organic matter. These micropores and microfractures are abundant, and are connected to natural visible cracks that form the network pore system, which controls the storage and migration of shale gas. This connectivity is favorable for shale gas exploitation, providing great scientific potential and practical value. 相似文献
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地下热水的地球化学特征能够揭示深部地热过程。川西巴塘地区域地热资源丰富,但当前研究程度较低。为进一步查明川西地区地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,揭示热循环机理,定量评估研究区热储温度、冷水混入比例、热循环深度等,利用巴塘热坑和巴塘热水塘两处地热田共20组温泉水样进行水化学分析和氢氧同位素分析,进行定量计算,并分析巴塘地区地下热水的演化过程。结果表明:巴塘地区地下热水主要为HCO3—Na型;水中Sr2+、Li+和F-与Cl-的相关性不佳;主要受大气降雨补给;冷水混入比例为64%~68%,未混入冷水时深部热储温度为218~229 ℃,热储循环深度4 546.32~4 777.89 m;Na+、HCO-3、SiO2浓度在热水循环过程中变化相对较大。说明Sr2+、Li+和F-只来自于水岩作用的矿物溶解,且该地区地下水补给主要来自于大气降水,川西地区地热水于围岩发生水岩作用,进行离子交换,在完成一系列水化学作用及水岩作用后,升至地表,最终形成温泉水。研究成果可为川西巴塘地区地热研究提供数据支撑及理论支持,同时也为川西整体区域地热研究提供方法借鉴,为研究区地下水开发利用研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
Research on the fault controlling mechanism of geothermal water in Zhangzhou Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fault has an important influence on the storage and movement of geothermal water. The Zhangzhou Basin is wholly located in a granodiorite rock mass. Due to the low permeability of granodiorite, faulted structure has an evident control action on the hydrothermal activity of geothermal fields. Hot springs in Zhangzhou Basin crack along Pingtan-Dongshan Fault to the northeastern direction and emerge along Fu’an-Nanjing Fault. Through measurement of the temperature of several hot springs in the Basin, we found the temperature along the northwestern direction of Zhangzhou-Tianbao Fault is high and the temperature gap between the two sides of Yangxi-Yuanshan Fault is huge; the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water through quartz geothermometer indicates that the geothermal reservoir temperature of the northern area of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is obviously higher than that of southern area. Such result indicates that Fault obviously obstructs underground heat source. Under the condition that the average geothermal gradient of the Zhangzhou Basin is set, the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the Zhangzhou Basin measured by geothermal reservoir temperature is 3 550-5 200 m and the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the north of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is deeper than that of the South. 相似文献