共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
C. P. Liao 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(4):235-247
Summary The fuzzy influence function method takes account of the effect of the rock mass around the edges of a panel on the surface subsidence. Unlike conventional influence functions, the shape and value of the fuzzy influence function varies with both the position of points calculated on the surface and the position of elements integrated in the extracted area underground. Consequently, the results obtained by using the fuzzy influence function method can automatically give rise to a shift of the inflection point towards the goaf and asymmetry in shape. The accuracy of the calculation is also improved. Case-history examples of mining subsidence engineering show good agreement between the results from geodesic measurements and those calculated from the fuzzy influence function method. The programs for back-analysis of parameters can approach satisfactory results of optimization. 相似文献
2.
地下水位下降对采矿覆岩下沉影响探析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地下采煤会导致地表下沉盆地的形成。然而地下水尤其是承压水的流失即水位降低对地表下沉盆地的形成存在不可忽视的影响，而对两者之间的关系及其过程的力学机理是岩移领域亟待研究的课题之一。矿区地下水位降低的主要原因为承压水通过采动裂隙向下渗流、煤层开采前顶板岩溶含水岩层的疏干以及地面人为钻井取水。根据对一具体矿区地下水位下降对地表沉陷影响实测数据的分析得出，在以采煤为主导条件导致地表下沉的过程中，几乎全部的开采沉陷量中均包含有由于含水层释水而造成的沉陷量。通过对上覆岩层力学机理分析，指出水位降低对覆岩移动、地表下沉的影响是由于一定地质条件下可渗水性岩石的物理力学特性、渗水对其它岩石的软化、释水后原冲积层的压密固结以及水渗透过程中的水岩耦合作用等因素综合作用所致。同时，在以上理论的基础上还探讨性地建立了地下水位下降对地表下沉贡献模型，在此模型基础上可以建立2个或2个以上影响因素对地表下沉的贡献模型。最后以框图形式概括了地下水位下降及其对地表下沉影响的综合过程。 相似文献
3.
采动及渗流作用下隔水土层破坏规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究土层隔水层在采动及渗流作用下的破坏规律,采用了固-液耦合相似材料模拟试验研究和土层破坏理论分析。试验表明,在采用的长壁间隔式开采中,浅埋煤层中的组合关键层破断后进入裂隙带,隔水土层协调运动进入弯曲下沉带。该开采方法改变了岩层的运动破坏规律,抑制了采动裂隙在隔水土层中的发展,避免了导水裂隙与含水层贯通,达到了保护土层的采动隔水性目的。土层变形、破坏理论分析表明,组合关键层的破断距亦即对应土层的跨距,在弯曲下沉过程中没达到变形破坏极限跨距,不会产生导水裂隙,满足保持隔水性能的判据。现场开采实践证明,试验工作面开采后未出现潜水渗漏。该方法并已成功实现多个工作面的保水开采。 相似文献
4.
5.
This paper presents a computer tool that automatically predicts mining subsidence using the generalized n-k-g influence function detailed in (González Nicieza et al. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42(3):372–387, 2005). This function depends on two physical concepts: the first is gravity, which characterizes the forces acting on the ground,
and the second, the convergence of the roof and floor of the mine workings due to the stress state of the ground. The developed
tool also allows other influence functions to be used to predict subsidence, namely the spatial influence function (Ramírez
Oyanguren et al. 2000) and the normal-type classical (Knothe, Arch Gór Hut 1, 1952) and modified (González Nicieza et al. Bull Eng Geol Environ 66(3):319–329, 2007) time functions. Moreover, the inputting and periodic updating of data from subsidence monitoring surveys is controlled by
one of the tool’s modules using a method that minimizes errors resulting from time discontinuities in landmarks measurements.
In addition, when actual landmarks measurements exist, the developed tool allows calibration of the subsidence parameters,
minimizing the errors between actual measurements and those obtained by prediction. The tool includes a viewer, developed
using OpenGL, which enables the results of the calculations carried out to be viewed, allowing the point of view to be varied.
It also includes the option of viewing and saving the results of the calculations carried out over the original topographic
plane defined in the AutoCAD DXF data file format. The efficacy of the tool is demonstrated via its application to a real
case of mining work carried out in a village in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. 相似文献
6.
基于两种典型的采煤区影响程度评估方法,对比分析两种评估方法的结果,讨论二者的优缺点。研究结果表明：概率积分法和模糊综合评判法的采煤区影响程度划分结果存在明显差异。与模糊综合评判法相比,概率积分法的评价结果更为客观,理论体系更加成熟,但是其参数选取也存在的不足,建议根据参数反演选取预测参数。模糊综合评判法运用于采煤区影响程度分析存在缺陷,因子权重分配和影响程度隶属函数体系有待进一步完善。 相似文献
7.
在对深部开采进行界定的基础上,运用数值模拟手段,基于关键层理论建立三维深部开采模型,对走向长壁式开采地表移动进行分析,数值计算所得三维地表移动图形能够定量、直观描述地表移动,结果与概率积分法预测符合良好,实现对采煤-上覆岩土层破坏-地表沉陷全过程分析,是对煤矿开采沉陷可视化工作的重要补充。通过数值计算,总结了深部开采地表移动特点,并对比深部开采与浅部开采,分析地表影响半径及相关变形指标。分别对充分采动和非充分采动条件下概率积分法下沉系数进行计算,并与传统计算方法进行比较,结果显示:两种开采条件下,下沉系数均小于传统计算结果,基于浅部开采的经验下沉系数不再适合深部采动情况,得出下沉系数随深度增大而变小的结论,并分析这种变化产生的原因。 相似文献
8.
Application of a Generalised Influence Function Method for Subsidence Prediction in Multi-seam Longwall Extraction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of mining subsidence prediction is to produce a reliable assessment of ground movement arising from underground mineral extraction. The results of the prediction are used to assess the likelihood of the associated effects on surface structures. In most countries, the assessment of mining subsidence has become an essential part of mining plans, which must be approved by relevant government bodies and mining regulators. It is therefore important to develop a subsidence prediction method that is suitable for a particular country or mine field. Further to the recent development of a Generalised Influence Function Method (GIFM) for subsidence prediction at RMIT University, a case study in Hunter coalfield of in New South Wales, Australia is presented to illustrate the applicability of the GIFM approach for subsidence prediction in multi-seam longwall mining. A computer program is used to calculate subsidence, horizontal displacement and principle strains arising from the extraction of longwall panels. The observed subsidence across the longwall panels and the corresponding ground movements are compared to the model’s output and the results analysed. A discussion of the discrepancies between the GIFM models and the behaviour of complex geological strata is presented. The GIFM method is found to be a powerful tool when applied to complex extraction configurations and can produce useful output for mining subsidence assessments. Of particular importance is its ability to provide both tensile and compressive strain information over the whole affected areas which would otherwise not have been available for the assessment of damage potential to surface structures. 相似文献
9.
Changes of Precipitation Infiltration Recharge in the Circumstances of Coal Mining Subsidence in the Shen‐Dong Coal Field,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Coal mining subsidence is a universal environmental-geological problem in mining areas. By selecting the Shen-Dong coal mining subsidence area as the research field, this paper studies the changes in precipitation infiltration recharge in the circumstances of coal mining subsidence by means of field geological investigation and laboratory simulation experiments, which is expected to provide a scientific basis for eco-environmental restoration in the mining area. The results indicate that at the unstable stage of subsidence, three types of subsidence in the Shen-Dong mining area have positive effects on the precipitation infiltration recharge, and the type of full-thickness bedrock subsidence has the greatest influence. In the stable stage of subsidence, the precipitation infiltration process after long-term drought and the moisture migration in the aeration zone undergo three different stages: evaporation-infiltration before precipitation, infiltration-upward infiltration-infiltration during precipitation and evaporation-infiltration after precipitation. During a heavy rainfall infiltration process, the wetting front movement in fine sand, coarse sand and dualistic structure of fine-coarse sand consists of two stages: the stage of wetting front movement during precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has linear relationship with the depth, and the stage of wetting front movement after precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has the power function relationship with the depth. The wetting front movement velocity is influenced by the rainfall amount and the lithology in the aeration zone. However, as the depth increases, the movement velocity will decay exponentially. 相似文献
10.
概率积分法是煤矿开采沉陷预测的重要方法,可适用于缓倾斜、倾斜煤层开采地表移动分布曲线符合正态分布规律的地表移动和变形计算。针对原方法对任意形状工作面存在的不足,在原有走向和倾向概率积分函数的基础上,以走向和倾向为基准划分积分函数区域,在该区域内剖分非结构化的三角形单元作为二重积分的基本单位;通过坐标旋转变换的二重积分换元法,转化为以直线为上、下限的二重积分,计算旋转后的影响半径,对新的二重积分采用复合辛普森数值积分公式,积分得出地表任意点在基本三角形开采单元下的积分下沉值;最后,通过叠加计算完成任意点、任意形状工作面概率积分法的沉陷预测计算。算法在GIS系统下实现,实例应用效果良好,可为“三下”采煤提供地表移动预测计算的支持。 相似文献
11.
为了掌握厚松散层覆盖地区地表在采动过程中的动态移动变形情况,以地表移动观测站实测数据为基础,获得厚松散层开采地表动态移动参数在开采过程中的变化规律,以及走向主断面方向上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预计公式。结果表明：当工作面推过最大下沉点170 m左右时,该点的下沉速度达到最大值,其值为22.85 mm/d;地表点最大下沉速度值及其滞后距随工作面开采距离的增大而增加,当工作面推进距离达到600 m左右后,两者增加的幅度逐渐减小,并分别达到稳定值22.00 mm/d和150 m,认为此后的采动过程是地表点下沉速度曲线以固定形状与工作面保持一定的滞后距随开采不断向前移动;参考国内松散层下开采案例,通过多元线性回归分析得到地表动态移动变形参数与地质及开采技术参数之间的关系式;最后根据动态移动参数在采动过程中的变化规律,建立了走向断面上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预测公式,通过预测值与实测值的对比,认为预测结果能够满足工程实践需要。 相似文献
12.
针对遗传算法存在的缺陷,提出了用小生境方法改进遗传算法。为了提高采空沉陷预测精度,借助Holt-Winters模型的预测功能,应用改进遗传算法求解和优化Holt-Winters模型组合参数,形成了改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法。将组合算法应用于长平高速公路采空区路段沉陷预测,计算表明：改进遗传算法弥补了传统遗传算法易早熟、局部寻优能力弱的缺陷;改进遗传算法-Holt-Winters模型组合算法克服了按梯度试算法搜索质量差和精度不高的缺点,输出稳定性好,预测结果相对误差在2%以内,预测精度显著提高;在采空沉陷中长期预测的相对误差小于0.79%,该算法可用于中长期采空沉陷预测。 相似文献
13.
为了科学评价煤层重复采动对拟建水渠工程安全性的影响程度,围绕"采煤安全"、"水渠安全运行"这两条主线,在现场调研的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟和概率积分法等手段,对重复采动影响下水渠的变形特征进行了分析评价。首先从地层的工程地质结构、水文地质结构、力学结构和开采结构4方面分析了岩土体的结构特征,利用FLAC3D对各煤层开采引发的导水裂隙带发育高度的变化规律进行了模拟分析,同时,根据地表移动和变形预计结果,分析了重复开采引发的地表下沉、倾斜变形及水平变形对水渠坝体的影响。结果表明:多煤层开采后导水裂隙带不会波及到水渠内的地表水,不会影响采煤安全;重复采动会引起水渠不同程度的沉降,堤体地面标高由69.34 m沉降至65.50 m,沉降后的堤体顶面比设计水面降低了1.94 m,过水断面由580 m2减少至196 m2,设计流量将损失66%,对水渠安全运行构成影响。 相似文献
14.
Application of a fuzzy operator to susceptibility estimations of coal mine subsidence in Taebaek City,Korea 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
Quantitative determination of locations vulnerable to ground subsidence at mining regions is necessary for effective prevention.
In this paper, a method of constructing subsidence susceptibility maps based on fuzzy relations is proposed and tested at
an abandoned underground coal mine in Korea. An advantage of fuzzy combination operators over other methods is that the operation
is mathematically and logically easy to understand and its implementation to GIS software is simple and straightforward. A
certainty factor analysis was used for estimating the relative weight of eight major factors influencing ground subsidence.
The relative weight of each factor was then converted into a fuzzy membership value and integrated as a subsidence hazard
index using fuzzy combination operators, which produced coal mine subsidence susceptibility maps. The susceptibility maps
were compared with the reported ground subsidence areas, and the results showed high accuracy between our prediction and the
actual subsidence. Based on the root mean square error and accuracy in terms of success rates, fuzzy γ-operator with a low
γ value and fuzzy algebraic product operator, specifically, are useful for ground subsidence prediction. Comparing the results
of a fuzzy γ-operator and a conventional logistic regression model, the performance of the fuzzy approach is comparative to
that of a logistic regression model with improved computational. A field survey done in the area supported the method’s reliability.
A combination of certainty factor analysis and fuzzy relations with a GIS is an effective method to determine locations vulnerable
to coal mine subsidence. 相似文献
15.
采用相似模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方式,分析了奥陶系石灰岩推覆体含水层下煤层开采的覆岩破坏及地表沉陷 特征。经验公式计算,相似模型试验和数值模拟的对比分析表明：该特殊地质条件下,不考虑渗流场影响时,垮落带高度 为采厚的2.2~4.5倍,导水裂隙带高度为采厚的14.0~19.1倍;渗流场的存在使导水裂隙带及垮落带高度增加,此时垮采比为 4.8,裂采比为20.6。因此,从偏安全的角度考虑,煤层的实际开采过程应考虑渗流场的影响,以渗流场-应力场耦合作用 下的导水裂隙带高度作为安全煤（岩）柱合理留设的依据。 相似文献
16.
《Engineering Geology》2001,59(1-2):103-114
Amaga, Angelopolis, Venecia and Bolombolo are small towns located in Antioquia, in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. Mining has been practised in this region for a period of at least 100 years. This mining has mainly been small-scale, poorly mechanised and restricted to shallow room and pillar workings. Recently, the semi-mechanisation of some mines has enabled coal to be extracted using longwall mining methods. However, this has resulted in subsidence that has caused severe damage to structures, residential property, and agricultural land, and also induced landslides. In the British Isles, there are several reliable methods that can be used to predict the likelihood and magnitude of mining subsidence. The British Coal Corporation and the University of Nottingham have developed one such method, the “Subsidence With Influence Function Technique (SWIFT).” Based on mining subsidence observations undertaken in the coalfields of Britain over a period of approximately 50 years. The SWIFT program was used to predict the magnitude of subsidence, above a longwall panel, at the Industrial Hullera mine in Colombia. The results were then compared with subsidence profiles obtained from precise levelling and field monitoring. In each case, the SWIFT program overestimated the magnitude of mining subsidence by 0.17–0.20 m. However, the morphology of the subsidence profile, area-of-influence and location of maximum subsidence were similar. This overestimation of the predicted subsidence was attributed to the occurrence of strong, igneous rocks, such as rhyolite sills, in the Colombian coal measures. These strong, competent horizons act as cantilever beams during subsidence, causing bed separation and therefore reducing the magnitude of subsidence. In spite of these differences, mining subsidence can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy and precision using the SWIFT technique, provided the software is calibrated and used in conjunction with local expertise. 相似文献
17.
宁东煤炭基地生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,煤炭开采过程中的水资源保护备受关注。采用公式法及现有3个工作面实测数据研究,确定了首采煤层开采导水裂缝带发育的最大高度,对比首采煤层至主要含水层之间的距离与导水裂缝带发育的高度差值,预测首采煤层开采对含水层结构的影响程度。研究结果表明,宁东煤炭基地首采煤层开采的导水裂缝带发育高度一般为20～80m,其中大于180m的区域面积约5.9km2,集中于西北部灵武矿区;石炭纪—二叠纪煤矿区横城矿区7个钻孔导水裂缝带突破石盒子组达主要含水层(新生界含水层)底部,侏罗纪煤矿区灵武矿区9个钻孔的导水裂缝带已经沟通地表。将首采煤层开采影响含水层的程度划分为影响大、影响较大、影响一般、影响微弱4种类型,各种类型所占比例分别为14.7%、40.31%、18.65%、26.34%。 相似文献
18.
煤层采动覆岩沉降提前于地表,可作为地表稳定性的预警指标。针对煤层开采引起的覆岩沉降预测问题,采用分布式光纤感测技术,通过制作大柳塔煤矿采动覆岩相似材料试验模型,研究了煤层开采引起的覆岩变形特征,基于灰色理论和Knothe时间函数,建立了基于实测应变的采动覆岩沉降预测模型,探讨了预测精度,并取得了如下研究成果:有关分布式光纤感测技术的覆岩应变分布,准确反映了垮落带和导水裂缝带的发育特征,基于GM(1,1)模型和新陈代谢模型的覆岩沉降预测精度较好但限于短期预测;当相对残差最大值与相对残差和均取最小值时,Knothe时间函数中获得较为准确的参数c值和τ值并提高了预测精度,建立了大柳塔煤层覆岩动态沉降预测模型的表达式,其预测模型适用于覆岩沉降的前期阶段和后期阶段。 相似文献
19.
在传统Knothe时间模型假设基础上提出新的假设,构建改进Knothe时间模型,通过理论分析表明,改进后的时间模型符合地表点沉降和沉降速度变化规律;基于改进Knothe时间模型推导了地表最大沉降速度计算表达式,并给出模型参数确定方法。采用20个矿区开采引起的地表最大沉降速度监测值与理论预测值进行对比,结果表明,20个矿区的地表最大沉降速度理论预测值与监测值吻合程度高,两者相对标准偏差仅为2.1%,验证了模型的精确性和可靠性。地表最大沉降速度受煤层采高、开采速度、松散层厚度和基岩层厚度等参数影响,研究表明,地表最大沉降速度随煤层采高和开采速度的增加而线性增加,随松散层厚度、基岩层厚度的增加而非线性减小,且其对基岩层厚度变化的敏感性比松散层厚度变化大。 相似文献
20.
煤矿开采后采空区上覆岩层变形是一个长期过程,往往严重影响后期穿越采空区隧道的施工建设和长期运营。新建桑掌隧道是穿越采空区的典型案例,准确预测采空区残余变形对隧道的影响是保障工程安全的关键。本文采用玻兹曼函数对等价变采厚概率积分法进行优化,并引入时间函数,提出一种改进的变采厚概率积分法。采用该方法对山西省阳泉二矿4个停采时间不同的采空区在2020年之后的残余变形量进行了预测,并分析了采空区残余变形对桑掌隧道的影响。研究结果表明,新建桑掌隧道线路上的最大残余沉降量为325 mm,出现在隧道中段;最大残余侧向位移为168 mm,出现在隧道起点附近。由于隧道轴线与其中3个工作面的长轴方向小角度相交,隧道呈现出侧向移动、竖向下沉与轴向扭转的复合变形趋势。本文的计算结果可为桑掌隧道施工和变形处治提供科学依据,计算方法可为穿越采空区隧道建设提供理论支撑。 相似文献