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1.
采用Biot固结理论分析了止水帷幕对基坑工程环境效应的影响,包括止水帷幕不同打设深度的效果,以及两种封闭式止水帷幕发生漏水意外时对地下水位和坑外土体位移的影响等。在有限元编程中,将开挖土体置为空气单元可以简化处理过程。算例分析结果表明,深厚透水地基中增加竖向止水帷幕的深度并不能有效减小对周围环境的影响;漏水部位周围土体的渗流等势线较为密集,渗流速度较大,容易诱发扩大破坏;竖向封闭式止水帷幕漏水引起的坑边土体的沉降和地表土体的侧移相对较大,水位下降迅速等。其结果可供基坑工程漏水事故环境效应的评价和对策研究时参考。 相似文献
2.
基坑工程中,通常采用地下水回灌措施降低降水对周边地质环境产生的不良影响,然而目前基坑降水—回灌的相关设计理论仍处于探索阶段。本文通过引入平面二维流势函数理论和叠加原理,分别求解得到了无止水帷幕工况下潜水完整井和承压完整井在降水—回灌共同作用下的地下水浸润曲线方程;此外,本文通过空间汇点原理和镜像原理分别求得基坑内降水和基坑外回灌对基坑外地下水位的影响,并运用叠加原理得到了有止水帷幕工况下,深基坑降水—回灌作用下的地下水浸润曲线解析式。本文利用得到的解析式探讨了在具有止水帷幕条件下回灌井距基坑围护结构的距离、渗透系数等主要因素对浸润曲线的影响,为基坑降水—回灌设计提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
将隧道周围土体视为均质连续各向同性的饱和弹性介质,采用保角变换的方法将含有隧道的半无限平面映射为同心圆环计算域。根据Terzaghi-Rendulic二维固结理论,建立隧道在不透水的情况下周围土体超孔隙水压力分布的控制方程。然后,采用分离变量法计算得到土体超孔隙水压力分布的解析解,最后,根据弹性理论计算得出隧道中线上方地表固结沉降的计算公式。结合算例,分析盾构施工扰动程度、土体渗透系数、土体弹性模量及隧道埋深等因素对隧道中心上方地表处固结沉降的影响。研究结果表明,地表固结沉降的增加值与隧道外侧初始超孔隙水压力值C0的变化量成正比例关系,施工扰动程度越大所引起的固结沉降越大;土体的渗透系数越大固结沉降速度越快,但土体的渗透系数与最终的地表固结沉降量无关;土体的弹性模量越大,最终的地表固结沉降量越小;隧道埋深越深,地表固结沉降所需时间越长,最终的地表固结沉降量也越大。 相似文献
4.
针对在建基坑工程对既有桥梁造成影响的问题,依托徐州土岩组合地区某地铁基坑工程,通过研究软土地区基坑开挖墙后地表沉降预测理论,推导出该工程的墙后地表沉降曲线。通过Midas数值软件模拟与现场监测综合分析的方法,研究了基坑开挖对墙后地表和扩展基础桥墩造成的沉降影响。研究表明:在整个开挖过程中,基坑周边地表沉降曲线呈"勺形"分布,第三层土体开挖对地表沉降的影响最大;桥墩与相同位置地表在各开挖阶段的沉降量分别占其最终沉降量的比例基本一致;基坑开挖对桥墩造成的倾斜角度会随桥墩下卧土体沉降曲线的变化而变化,桥墩受基坑开挖造成的沉降影响会随其基础埋深的增加而减弱。该研究可为类似工程设计和施工提供参考。 相似文献
5.
降水条件对基坑开挖的变形特性具有重要影响。为了研究悬挂式止水帷幕结合承压非完整井组成的墙井系统条件下基坑开挖过程中的变形问题,以某悬挂式止水帷幕深基坑为例,通过定义降水井和地表渗流边界条件建立了考虑分级降水和基坑开挖实际工况的三维流固耦合有限元数值分析模型,使用现场监测数据与数值模拟结果互相验证的方法研究了悬挂式止水帷幕情况下基坑开挖过程中地下连续墙变形和地表沉降的变化特征,对比分析了悬挂式止水帷幕和落底式止水帷幕条件下的地表沉降。结果表明：在不同分级降水情况下,降水深度初次达到场地第一承压水含水层降水期间产生的地下连续墙水平位移增量最大,地表沉降也主要在这一期间产生;悬挂式止水帷幕情况下的地表沉降最大值约为落底式止水帷幕的2.7倍,最大值位置距地下连续墙边缘的距离比落底式止水帷幕大0.85 m;地下连续墙水平位移峰值处,降水期间产生的位移占28%,地表沉降峰值处,降水期间产生的沉降占49%;使用悬挂式止水帷幕时,距地下连续墙边缘12倍开挖深度处,地表沉降与地表沉降峰值的比值为0.1、该距离比落底式止水帷幕大13 m左右。研究成果对确定深基坑降水方案、保证深基坑开挖施工安全具有一定的参... 相似文献
6.
以厦门吕厝站地铁基坑开挖工程为工程原型,采用分离相似设计方法确定了模型试验所需要关键参数的相似比,制作了异形基坑试验模型,并设计了合理的监测系统。通过模拟基坑实际的开挖过程,根据取得的监测数据,分析了地表沉降、地连墙变形和受力等变化规律。结果表明:与基坑边缘距离越大,地表沉降影响越小,且墙体边长及开挖深度越大沉降越显著;地表沉降曲线形式与沉降数值大小有关,基坑开挖表现出明显的空间效应和角隅效应,地表沉降主要发生在坑内土体开挖阶段;随开挖的进行,土层卸荷对地表沉降影响逐渐减小,地连墙弯矩大小与开挖深度呈正相关,最大弯矩值出现在基坑最深开挖面附近。 相似文献
7.
等厚度水泥土搅拌墙技术即TRD工法,近年来在深基坑工程中得到了广泛应用。以上海国际金融中心基坑工程开展的0.7 m厚、8 m宽、56.7 m深TRD成墙试验为背景,采用有限元方法,并基于土体小应变本构模型对其成墙过程进行了模拟,得到了土体侧向位移和地表沉降曲线,并与实测数据进行了对比。结果表明,距离墙体5 m处两者的土体侧向位移曲线基本一致,而距离墙体1.4 m处的土体侧向位移在深度大于20 m后的计算结果较实测值偏小;地表沉降在靠近墙体处最大,随着距墙体的距离增大而逐渐减小。最后分析了成墙深度对地表沉降和土体侧向变形的影响,结果表明,深度越深,引起的土体侧向变形和地表沉降也越大。通过不同成墙深度引起的地表沉降归一化曲线可看出,TRD成墙引起的最大地表沉降约为0.05%H（H为成墙深度）,沉降影响区域约为1.8H。 相似文献
8.
为了研究各因素在盾构法施工中对地表沉降的影响程度,基于敏感性分析原理,针对一地铁盾构实例,选取土体弹性模量、土仓压力、地下水等3个影响地表沉降的因素,通过变化某一基准参数,让其余影响因素固定,分析研究了盾构施工引起地表沉降对各因素的敏感性。结果如下:弹性模量提高10%时,地表累积最大沉降量可减小15%～20%;在地下水存在的情况下,地表沉降显著增大;而对于砂性土而言,土仓压力越高地表沉降值略有增加。研究结果表明:地表沉降对穿越地层的弹性模量和地下水比较敏感,而对土仓压力敏感性较小。 相似文献
9.
通过36组二维有限元数值模拟,研究了不同参数（基坑与地铁车站距离D,基坑开挖深度 ）组合下临近既有地铁车站的基坑变形性状,并与邻近无车站时的基坑变形性状进行对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）当邻近存在地铁车站时,靠近车站一侧的地下连续墙最大侧移量减小,另一侧的地下连续墙最大侧移量增加;（2）当基坑开挖深度接近或超过地铁车站底板埋深时,车站对远离车站侧的基坑墙后地表沉降的影响显著,但不明显改变地表沉降影响范围和最大沉降值位置;（3）D较小时,随着 的增大,地铁车站的“遮拦效应”越来越显著。而当D逐渐增大时, 对地铁车站“遮拦效应”的影响逐渐减弱。（4）地铁车站的存在与否对基坑远离车站侧最大地表沉降和最大地下连续墙侧移的比值（δevm / δehm）几乎没有影响,并且,该值受D与 的影响较小。 相似文献
10.
复合土钉支护是从土钉支护基础上发展起来的、应用范围更广的一项基坑支护新技术。笔者通过模型试验，研究了复合土钉支护的作用原理，为其设计和施工提供了参考依据，促进了这项技术快速发展。基坑模型采用“相似模型的长度与变形的时间成反比”的相似法则设计，相似比为1:10。试验模拟现场分步开挖与支护的过程，测试内容包括土体位移、地表沉降、基底隆起、地面裂缝及超挖引起的破坏形态。试验结果表明：复合土钉支护能够充分调动周围土体共同作用，有效地控制基坑变形；复合土钉支护中止水帷幕的插入深度和强度对控制边坡变形与失稳有较大作用；复合土钉支护效果明显优于一般的土钉支护。 相似文献
11.
This study investigates the disturbance of bridge piles caused by the adjacent deep excavation of a metro station in Guangzhou while considering the existence of underlying karst caverns. Ground treatment was adopted to reduce the effects of the deep excavation on the surrounding environment, including metro jet system (MJS) technology and karst treatment. Considering the presence of karst cavern and an inhomogeneous limestone layer, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was implemented to investigate the excavation-induced effects on the surrounding ground and structures. Coupled pore fluid diffusion and stress analysis were adopted for the excavation simulation, and comparative analyses between the field data and FEA results were used to verify the numerical model. A series of parametric studies were conducted by varying the parameters of the MJS piles and karst cavern filling. This study reveals that: (1) increasing the Young’s modulus of the MJS pile leads to a decrease in ground and wall settlement; (2) the optimal buried depth of MJS piles is the depth that reaches the rock stratum; (3) the optimal MJS pile–wall distance is 0.225H (H denotes excavation depth); (4) increasing the piles diameter leads to a linearly decrease in wall and piles settlement; and (5) varying the Young’s modulus and permeability coefficient of the karst cavern filling has little effect on the surrounding environment. MJS treatment can be used as an effective measure for protecting the surrounding environment from disturbance by deep excavations. 相似文献
12.
国内盐矿具有埋藏浅、盐层薄、夹层多、品位低等特点,导致盐岩地下储气库建设和运营面临诸多技术风险。在盐岩地下储气库风险因子模糊综合评价基础上,建立了层状盐岩储气库破坏、油气泄漏、地表沉降的3大事故风险层次分析模型,并构建了风险因子对3大事故影响程度判断矩阵;将建立的模型用于评价江苏金坛盐岩地下储库气的运营风险状况,确定出储气库3大事故风险因子影响权重分布和风险等级。研究结果表明：（1）储气库破坏应重点控制低压运行压力、运行时间和矿柱应力状态;（2）储气库泄漏应重点控制套管靴位置、夹层结合面滑动、高压运行压力和管道阀门受损;（3）储气库地表沉降应重点控制顶板厚度、低压运行压力和运行时间;（4）储气库破坏和泄漏属中等风险水平,储气库地表沉降属高风险水平。油气储库3大事故风险因子权重分布和风险等级的确定,为盐岩地下储气库风险调控提供了理论指导。 相似文献
13.
高速公路建设期侧向位移的控制是评价路基变形的重要依据。依据四川省遂－资（遂宁至资阳）高速公路软基沉降变形观测的数据,通过对现场监测资料的分析,分别探讨西南地区软土路基经塑料排水板（PVD）、碎石桩处理后,路基侧向变形y与深度z,最大侧向变形增量△ym与地表沉降增量△SD,平均侧向变形量Sy与地表沉降量Sf的变化规律。 研究表明,（1）根据Boussinesq解答和实测数据得到路堤荷载作用面积下变形y随着深度z大致呈“S”形变化,近地表变化剧烈,随荷载增加最大侧向位移深度基本保持不变,土体最大侧向变形深度与路堤填筑高度无关,与土性有关;（2）经PVD处理后的软基在填筑期、预压期均有大量侧向位移发生,各占总位移量的50%,最大侧向位移深度在距离地表1.0～1.5 m处;（3）经碎石桩处理后软基侧向位移在填筑期已完成总位移量的75%～80%,总位移量明显小于PVD处理后软基侧向位移量,最大侧向位移深度在距离地表2.5～3.5 m处;（4）PVD处理软基在固结阶段△ym/△SD、Sy/Sf分别为0.15～0.30和0.10～0.20,大于填筑前期2～4倍,而碎石桩处理软基固结阶段△ym/△SD、Sy/Sf分别为0.10～0.15和0.03～0.05,各个阶段变化相当。 相似文献
14.
Numerical simulations of groundwater flow and heat transport are used to provide insight into the interaction between shallow groundwater flow and thermal dynamics related to permafrost thaw and thaw settlement at the Iqaluit Airport taxiway, Nunavut, Canada. A conceptual model is first developed for the site and a corresponding two-dimensional numerical model is calibrated to the observed ground temperatures. Future climate-warming impacts on the thermal regime and flow system are then simulated based on climate scenarios proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Under climate warming, surface snow cover is identified as the leading factor affecting permafrost degradation, including its role in increasing the sensitivity of permafrost degradation to changes in various hydrogeological factors. In this case, advective heat transport plays a relatively minor, but non-negligible, role compared to conductive heat transport, due to the significant extent of low-permeability soil close to surface. Conductive heat transport, which is strongly affected by the surface snow layer, controls the release of unfrozen water and the depth of the active layer as well as the magnitude of thaw settlement and frost heave. Under the warmest climate-warming scenario with an average annual temperature increase of 3.23 °C for the period of 2011–2100, the simulations suggest that the maximum depth of the active layer will increase from 2 m in 2012 to 8.8 m in 2100 and, over the same time period, thaw settlement along the airport taxiway will increase from 0.11 m to at least 0.17 m. 相似文献
15.
Nowadays, due to urbanization and population increase, need for metro tunnels, has been considerably increased in urban areas. Common characterization of urban area tunnels is that they are excavated in very shallow depths and soft ground. In such excavations, main challenge for tunneling is low bearing capacity and easy deformation characteristic of the ground. Tunnel face instability and the potential surface settlement are the most hazardous factors that should be considered in all tunneling methods applied in urban areas. Incorrect estimation of the maximum surface settlement value can lead to irreparable damages to the buildings and other nearby structures. There are several published relationships concerned with field measurements and analytical solutions to estimate the amount of the maximum surface settlement value due to tunneling. These relationships are not precise for calculating the aimed values. Therefore, providing accurate equations for estimation of these values is certainly useful. First purpose of this study is to determine the effective parameters such as geotechnical factors (cohesion, internal friction angle, density, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio), and engineering factors (tunnel depth, tunnel diameter and face support pressure) on the maximum surface settlement value. In this study, three metro project constructions namely Istanbul, Tehran, Mashhad in the Middle East were chosen. FLAC3D (Itasca Consulting Group 2002) was used for detailed numerical analysis. The second aim is to present better equations in estimating the maximum surface settlement-based actual data set from several tunnel projects and numerical modeling. The results from the new estimation equation are compared with results of empirical and field observations. The maximum surface settlement values obtained from the new equation have good agreement with the actual results for three different metro case studies. 相似文献
16.
Based on 3-D FEM for the culvert under dam on the soft foundation, the earth pressure and settlement of the culvert are analysed. It is found that as follows: (1)When the reducing load measure is applied, the earth pressure distribution around the culvert and non-uniform settlement of bottom of the culvert are the same as without reducing load measure, but the vertical earth pressure reduce greatly which shows the effect of reducing load is obvious. (2) The variation of depth of the ground treatment has effect on stress around the culvert. The vertical earth pressure on the top of culvert slowly increases and the horizontal earth pressure at the side of culvert slowly reduces with the increase of depth of the ground treatment. (3)Although the settlement of the bottom of the culvert slowly decreases with increase of depth of the ground treatment, but the non-uniform settlement ratios are less than 0.5% which affecting the culvert are the same as each other. No treating the ground of the culvert, the danger is not produced with a few increase of the non-uniform settlement. 相似文献
17.
This letter is concerned with the undrained bearing capacity of rectangular footings with various aspect ratios and embedment ratios in uniform clay. It covers thin plate foundations with low aspect ratios and high embedment depth with embedment ratio up to 150. The work is based on small strain finite element analysis (FEA). After verification of the FEA model against existing solutions of the bearing capacity factors of rectangular footings, a series of FEA results are obtained. Based on the FEA results, a simple formulation is proposed to calculate the bearing capacity factor for rectangle footing with different aspect ratio in any embedment depth, extending the existing solutions to cover a wider ranges of footing aspect ratios and embedment ratios. 相似文献
18.
由于影响深基坑变形的因素较多,根据基坑开挖深度等条件的不同,对浙江地区（杭州地区居多）37个深基坑工程实测数据进行了统一归纳研究,分析了在浙江软弱土大背景下的深基坑侧移曲线与周边沉降曲线的特点,得出了基坑最大侧移量与开挖深度等之间的关系。研究结果表明,浙江软土深基坑的最大侧移点在开挖面以上4 m与开挖面以下7 m之间;抛物线形沉降曲线的最大沉降一般发生在距坑边0.5倍开挖深度处;最大沉降量、最大侧移量与开挖深度呈线性增长;最大侧移量与最大沉降量的关系受土质影响较大。进一步根据实测统计数据,结合软弱土基坑侧移曲线特点,提出了一种预测基坑侧移曲线的方法,该法预测基坑侧移量与实测值较为吻合。 相似文献
19.
A series of parametric studies was performed to examine the influence factors affecting the settlement influence zone induced by excavation in soft clay. It was found that the excavation depth, width, the soft clay bottom depth and the rock-like soil depth are all related to the settlement influence zone. The potential failure surface, as deduced from the failure mechanism, covering the above-mentioned parameters, is consistent with the settlement influence zone. Thus, a simple method based on the analysis results is proposed to predict the settlement influence zone. Ten case histories and statistical data for the settlements in the Shanghai area were used to verify the proposed method. 相似文献
20.
为研究交通荷载作用下考虑软土软化效应的软土地基加筋道路动力响应问题,以室内动三轴试验为基础,通过回归分析得到了软土在循环荷载作用下动模量衰减的经验公式,编制了用户子程序。将该公式导入有限元分析软件中,采用有限元对软基加筋与不加筋道路在交通荷载作用下的动力响应进行了对比分析,研究了软基加筋道路的作用机制。结果表明,软土的软化特性对软基加筋和不加筋道路的动力响应有明显影响;加筋的效果随着荷载作用次数的增大而逐渐变大;加筋可以约束土体的水平变形,减小道路的整体沉降和不均匀沉降以及减小交通荷载影响软土地基的深度。 相似文献
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