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1.
广西晚古生代硅岩的地球化学及其形成的大地构造环境   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
王忠诚  邝国敦 《岩石学报》1995,11(4):449-455
广西晚古生代泥盆、石炭纪和二叠纪地层中广泛发育放射虫硅岩,在桂西百色、那坡一带这些地层中的硅岩与玄武岩伴生。而钦州、柳州及河池一带未见到玄武岩。对这些地区硅岩的主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的研究表明:不同地区的硅岩有不同的成因,百色、那坡地区的硅岩形成在深水远洋环境并受到海底火山及热液作用的影响;钦州板城地区的硅岩以生物成因为主;而柳州、河池的硅岩属于离火山、热液活动稍远的生物成因。玄武岩的发现及硅岩成因的判别对探讨广西晚古生代大地构造环境及演化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
硅岩的Rb-Sr同位素组成特点及其地质意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王东安  陈瑞君 《地球学报》1997,18(Z1):108-110
通过对扬子地台和东昆仑山地区的不同时代、不同成因、成分上差异较大的硅岩Rb-Sr同位素组成的对比研究,探讨其物源和形成环境,利用所测Rb-Sr等时线年龄,有效的解决硅岩的地层年代,开创硅岩测年的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
华南下二叠统层状硅岩的形成及意义   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
杨玉卿  冯增昭 《岩石学报》1997,13(1):111-120
华南地区下二叠统的层状硅岩分布较稳定,厚度一般为几十米,含有数量不等的放射虫和海绵骨针等,并据此可分为放射虫硅岩、海绵骨针硅岩和贫化石硅岩。化学成分特点和硅氧同位素值,具有生物化学成因硅岩的特征,与火山成因和热水成因的硅岩也有一定联系。层状硅岩的形成明显受断裂控制,硅质生物、上升洋流和水平洋流则是硅质富集、保存和沉淀的主要因素,而海底火山和热水活动的参与也起到一定促进。层状硅岩中有机碳含量丰富,平均0.69%,是潜在的有利烃源岩。  相似文献   

4.
华南下二叠统层状硅岩的形成及意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨玉卿  冯增昭 《岩石学报》1997,13(1):111-120
华南地区下二叠统的层状硅岩分布较稳定,厚度一般为几十米,含有数量不等的放射虫和海绵骨针等,并据此可分为放射虫硅岩、海绵骨针硅岩和贫化石硅岩。化学成分特点和硅氧同位素值,具有生物化学成因硅岩的特征,与火山成因和热水成因的硅岩也有一定联系。层状硅岩的形成明显受断裂控制,硅质生物、上升洋流和水平洋流则是硅质富集、保存和沉淀的主要因素,而海底火山和热水活动的参与也起到一定促进。层状硅岩中有机碳含量丰富,平均0.69%,是潜在的有利烃源岩  相似文献   

5.
硅岩是由自生石英形成的化学沉积岩,通常以层状或非层状(结核状、条带状)独自出现、与其他岩性互层出现及赋存于其他岩性地层中。硅岩不仅记录了大量盆地古地理、古海洋、古气候的地质信息,而且对于岩石大地构造学研究具有重要意义。前人对硅岩的研究取得了丰富的成果,近年来关于硅岩的新观点为硅岩的研究提供了新的思考途径和研究线索。通过调研近年来关于硅岩的岩石学特征、地球化学特征及沉积环境的研究,分析总结了不同地质历史时期、不同沉积环境、不同产状硅岩的形成模式、成因类型以及判别方式,认为硅岩的沉积不是单一因素控制的结果,而是地质构造活动强度、生物类型及活动性、沉积古环境的综合结果。常规地球化学元素结合岩石组构与微区分析、包裹体分析、新同位素(Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd)分析,以及新的地球化学判定标准(Ge/Si)是硅岩研究的必备手段和方法。  相似文献   

6.
西秦岭寒武系硅岩建造中金矿床成矿物质来源研究   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8  
西秦岭寒武系硅岩建筑中的金矿床,是我国境内发现的一种具有独特地质特征的层控金矿床。通过对寒武系统硅岩建筑以及金矿石中金的浸出率、微量元素有其特征元素比值、稀土配分型式以及硫、铅、碳、氧、氢、硅等同位素组成等方面的系统研究表明,在后期成矿过程中,金及其它伴生元素主要来自寒武系硅岩建造;成矿溶液主要来自大气降水。地下热液在五流过程中,促使硅岩建造中的成矿物质发生活化,迁移和再聚集,并最终导致矿床的形成  相似文献   

7.
北京西山地区雾迷山组风暴硅岩沉积序列   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
北京西山地区雾迷山组发育硅质条带白云岩,在硅质条带中发育典型的风暴硅岩沉积。风暴硅岩砾屑具菊花状构造和底模构造,与上下围岩形成典型的风暴序列。该序列从底部至顶部可划分为五个单元。每个单元分别代表正常天气至风暴天气再至正常天气的沉积特征。研究认为,风暴硅岩为在风暴流的影响下近源快速堆积的产物,并建立了风暴硅岩的沉积模式。  相似文献   

8.
秦岭泥盆系硅岩岩石类型对比研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
硅岩可以通过化学沉积(真溶液或胶体沉淀)和内碎屑堆积而成。由于热水有较强的化学活动性,因而在水岩界面附近也会形成交代成因的硅岩。在许多情况下,硅岩既具有沉积岩的岩石学特征,又具有交代岩的岩石学特征,其成岩环境十分特殊。因此,虽然有许多地球化学方法可以区分不同类型的硅岩,但岩石学特征是最基本的和最直接的标志。  相似文献   

9.
热水沉积硅岩的地球化学   总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23  
随着层控矿床研究的不断深入,一种新的岩石类型——热水沉积岩,尤其是热水沉积硅岩,已受到矿床学与岩石学家们的极大关注,并且被认为是20世纪80年代地球科学的一项重大进展。但如何区别热水沉积硅岩与其它成因硅岩呢?本文从岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、氧和硅同位素等方面介绍了热水沉积硅岩的地球化学特征。  相似文献   

10.
西秦岭志留系含矿硅岩,灰岩岩石学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章较详细地介绍了西秦岭成矿带志留-系含矿硅岩和灰岩层的岩石学特征,初步讨论了该区硅岩,灰岩及硅-灰过渡类型岩石的类型及其成岩后生变化规律,认为硅-灰过渡类型岩石是该成矿带最有利的赋矿围岩。  相似文献   

11.
刘红光  刘波 《地质通报》2017,36(9):1635-1644
显生宙以来,碳酸盐岩地层中有燧石结核产出的现象十分普遍。现有研究认为,硅质生物壳体是燧石结核最主要的硅质来源,随着地质历史上主要硅质生物类型的演变,燧石结核的产出环境逐渐从浅水变为深水。不同地区不同层位的燧石结核往往具有一些共同特征,包括呈孤立分散的结核状产出、硅质选择性交代方解石颗粒而保留晶形完好的白云石、硅质矿物具有隐晶硅质-微晶石英-粗晶石英的规律性变化等。基于上述主要特征及不同研究实例的特点,前人总结出了有机质氧化模式、半透膜模式、混合水硅化模式、重结晶应力控制交代模式等燧石结核成因模式,从不同角度对燧石结核的典型特征进行了解释。然而由于燧石结核成因的复杂性及其可形成于沉积-成岩的不同阶段,各个成因模式均存在一定的局限性,只可用于解释部分地质特征。鉴于燧石结核对研究区的沉积环境、成岩历史等具有很好的指示作用,对其成因的研究具有重要意义,尽管上述模式的提出时间较早,但针对特定问题的研究非常深入,在以后的研究中应加以借鉴。  相似文献   

12.
Sedimentary chert phases from the Archean to the present are widely used to trace sedimentary environments and tectonic settings. Recently,chert nodules occurring within carbonates have been the subject of possible hydrothermal or biogenic origin,in lieu of a diagenetic origin.However,chert nodules from a vast cratonic basin represent extremely rich silica accumulations but less noted is how they respond to submarine hydrothermal activity (and/or surface siliceous organism productivity). The links between the cratonic-type chert depositions and environmental changes regarding cratonic evolution need to be revisited at a large temporal-spatial scale. The chert nodules are widespread throughout the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in the North China Craton (NCC).Several Taiyuan chert-rich successions across the NCC have been selected to study possible links between chert deposition and cratonic evolution in scenario of partial cratonic activation of the northern NCC margin during the Late Paleozoic.Based on stratigraphic correlation,the chert nodules are ubiquitously,evenly distributed throughout the Taiyuan Formation at a large craton-basin scale from the northern to southern interior NCC.Petrological results,elemental abundances,together with silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of chert samples infer significant hydrothermal contributions for the silica accumulations. Therefore, the cratonic-scale chert depositions of hydrothermal origin infer a giant and remote silica reservoir,linking to the large igneous province and magmatism in the NCC northern margins.The Taiyuan chert nodules could be unique marine sedimentary archives recording the Late Paleozoic NCC partial activation,which also generated continental records of igneous rocks,bauxites and tuffs.The strong tectonics of the northern margin,south-dipping topography and northward transgression of the Early Permian NCC facilitated the chert deposition on the shallow marine platform in the cratonic interior.  相似文献   

13.
Bedded manganese ore deposits occur in many localities within the accretionary belts of the Shikoku region, SW Japan. The deposits occur mostly in bedded chert or its metamorphosed equivalent. These chert-hosted manganese deposits are considered to have been manganese nodule/crust-bearing siliceous sediments on deep-sea floor and have been converted to manganese ores by low-grade metamorphism through subduction-accretion process. The mineral assemblages of the ores reflect the metamorphic grade of the accretionary complexes. On the other hand, iron-manganese deposits and some manganese deposits occurring directly over basalt are considered to have been the hydrothermal precipitates associated with submarine volcanism.  相似文献   

14.
The siliciclastic Wishart Formation of the Early Proterozoic Labrador trough is a high-energy shelf deposit. Wishart sandstones contain both interstitial chert with textures of void-filling cement and thin chert intercalations contaminated with siliciclastic mud. Although volumetrically minor, these cherts occur in several thin, areally extensive stratigraphic intervals. The Wishart contains intraclasts of both the chert-cemented sandstone and the impure chert layers (as well as several other types of chert sand and gravel). This suggests the cherts formed penecontemporaneously, which is consistent with the absence of any signs of replacement in all but one of the chert types and the clear-cut distinctions between chert types, even where they are side by side in a single thin section. The origin which appears to be most compatible with available evidence is that the cherts represent silica precipitated from thermal waters that rose through the sediments of the Wishart shelf and discharged into suprajacent seawater. A biogenic origin is unlikely in view of the lack of appropriate organisms during the Early Proterozoic and the rapidity with which the cements formed. A volcanogenic origin is unlikely because volcaniclastic textures are plentiful in associated formations but absent from the Wishart. Precipitation induced by evaporative concentration is unlikely in view of the widespread evidence of tidal currents and the lack of evidence of desiccation in the Wishart. Finally, the cherts are not restricted to the lowest-energy facies, and therefore they presumably did not accumulate as a background sediment. Deposition of silica above the sediment/water interface was probably made possible by ambient concentrations of silica that were significantly higher than those of Phanerozoic seawater. Cherts with similar textures occur in other Early Proterozoic sediments, most notably arenitic or granular iron-formations.  相似文献   

15.
张岩 《地质与勘探》2023,59(4):852-871
硅质岩作为一种重要的沉积岩类型,是研究前新生代古海洋环境的重要手段,但其缺乏在氧化-还原环境方面的应用。同时硅质岩是黑色岩系的重要组成部分,拓展硅质岩在该方面的应用研究,有利于加深对黑色岩系形成机理的认识。本文综述了硅质岩的现有研究方法、黑色岩系中黑色页岩和硅质岩研究的局限性和互补性,并论述了将Mo-U等氧化-还原敏感金属多指标判别方法应用于硅质岩,用来判断氧化-还原环境和盆地局限性等方面的理论可行性。在分析扬子地块及其周缘黑色岩系及硅质岩研究现状的基础上,认为将在黑色页岩使用成熟的氧化-还原环境研究方法应用于互层的(热水沉积)硅质岩,理论上具有可行性,并在扬子地块西北缘若尔盖地区奥陶-志留纪黑色岩系中互层的黑色页岩和热水沉积硅质岩岩性组合中得到进一步验证。该方法的应用可深化对扬子地块西北缘黑色岩系沉积环境特殊性及其中U-Au-Ni-Mo-V多金属矿源层的认识。  相似文献   

16.
The Ediacaran to early Cambrian Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif, hosts abundant chert bodies that formed on an oceanic plate and were involved in subduction beneath the northern margin of Gondwana. Field relationships of cherts to their host, their microstructure and elemental as well as isotopic compositions revealed diverse processes of chert petrogenesis reflecting depositional environment and position on the oceanic plate. The deep-water cherts formed through a hydrothermal precipitation of silica-rich gels on outer trench swell of the subducted slab with none or only minor addition of terrigenous material. On the contrary, the shallow-water cherts formed in lagoons on seamount slopes, and at least some of them represent a product of hydrothermal replacement of former carbonate and/or evaporite precursors. For both chert types, the hydrothermal fluids were of low temperature and continuous pervasive hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust, together with an elevated Si content in Neoproterozoic seawater, served as the major source of silica. On the other hand, minor carbon enrichment in chert is mostly linked to variable incorporation of organic matter that was deposited on the seafloor. Rare earth element (REE) systematics of the cherts indicate predominantly oxygenated environment for the shallow-water cherts whereas the deep-water cherts were deposited in diverse redox conditions, depending on their distance from hydrothermal vent. Using these data, we demonstrate that the cherts once formed a part of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) now dismembered and mixed with terrigenous siliciclastic material to form OPS mélanges. Combining our data with those from the existing literature, we show that cherts can serve as significant markers of OPS since the Archean, recording a complex interplay between seafloor-related volcanic (production of MORB- and OIB-like magmas) and sedimentary processes, hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges and seamount chains as well as at outer slopes of subducting slabs. However, the cherts also exhibit a secular change in composition and petrogenesis most profoundly affected by an overturn in seawater silica cycle across the Precambrian–Phanerozoic boundary.  相似文献   

17.
壳体构造──一种综合大地构造学新概念   总被引:4,自引:11,他引:4  
壳体是为了把历史大地构造学和动力大地构造学两方面的研究目的、对象及研究方法的优点综合起来,融为一体,以期较全面地研究地球构造问题而建立的一种大地构造单元概念。其特色是同时包含有演化与运动涵义、发展观点与联系观点并重、时空兼顾。它兼具上述两类大地构造单元的性质、特征和功能,是属于历史动力综合大地构造学的构造单元概念。一方面,它虽由历史大地构造单元如地槽区、地台区和地洼区组成,但强调了在空间上迁移的动态而与之有别;另一方面,它与动力大地构造单元的板块概念,虽作为岩石圈块体在形式上近似,但强调了它在时间上演化的动态,以及还有许多其他方面的特点而与之不同。  相似文献   

18.
西藏南部下鲁硅岩晚侏罗世罩笼虫(放射虫)新材料   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
吴浩若 《现代地质》2000,14(3):301-306
下鲁硅岩为藏南日喀则地区雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩南侧的晚侏罗世—早白垩世硅质岩系。本文补充描述了该岩系中 4块标本的罩笼虫亚目放射虫化石 1 6属 2 3种 ,包括 8个新种。加上这些标本原已描述过的 1 8属 3 3种 ,共有 3 4属 56种。所有的属和近一半的种见于北美西部 ,可与那里的晚侏罗世放射虫分带很好地对比 ,它们分别相当于那里牛津期的 2 γ亚带和晚启莫里期—早提索期的 3 β亚带。动物群具特提斯生物地理区特征 ,但与西特提斯的地中海地区同期动物群显然不同 ,可能当时东特提斯与太平洋联系密切。  相似文献   

19.
西秦岭寒武系硅岩建造喷流沉积作用与矿质聚集   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
硅岩建造是西秦岭拉尔玛-邛莫层控金矿床的含矿岩系。含矿层状硅岩呈块状、条带状、层纹状、多孔状和同生角砾状等,单层厚度一般为30m-200m。主要成分SiO2平均含量高达95.30%,其余为FeO、Fe2O3和有机炭等。硅质的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值低于0.35(平均0.153)。硅岩中微量元素十分丰富,不仅含具基性、超基性特征的元素群(如Cu、Cr、Pt、Pd、Os等),而且含具酸性特征的元素群(如W、Mo、U等).硅岩中稀土以总量低(32.9×10^-4~100×10^-4)、δCe亏损为特征.经北美页岩标准化后.稀土含量随原于序数的增大而增大.硅岩的δ180值为l7.60‰ ~23.24‰,其形成温度约为7O℃~l18℃.硅岩的δ30Si值主要在+O.4%~+O.8%之间,硅岩的上述特点均显示其与喷流沉积作用有美.喷流沉积作用不仅形成了特殊的硅岩建造,而且也使金等元素在硅岩建造中发生了明显的聚集。  相似文献   

20.
桂北泗里口老堡组为一套埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪过渡时期(大约550~540 Ma)深水盆地沉积的硅质岩。它们的SiO2含量普遍高(平均93.8%);Al2O3含量为0.17%~4.92%,沿剖面自下而上明显增加,上部超过2%;Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值多高于0.42;Fe/Ti比值大都小于16.3;Al2O3/( Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值多高于0.4,剖面上部样品的比值为0.8~0.9;Y/Ho比值为26.4~36.9,中、下部样品较高(多高于32),上部样品的比值接近地壳值(27);Eu/Eu*平均值为1.0,正异常不明显。剖面下部样品的∑REE含量低(15.9×10-6~27.1×10-6),具有与现代海水相近的REE配分,没有正的Eu异常,不同于海底的热液流体和与其有关的碧玉的REE配分;中部样品的∑REE含量为26.2×10-6~49.4×10-6,由于所含陆源碎屑的增加,REE配分变得平坦,但仍有海水REE的某些特征;上部样品的∑REE含量为40.5×10-6~59×10-6,显示与平均页岩相似的平坦的REE配分,但∑REE含量仅为平均页岩的大约1/4~1/3。这些常量和稀土元素特征表明,海底热液和陆源碎屑都不可能成为泗里口老堡组硅质岩的重要物源。埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪过渡时期华南深水盆地厚层硅质岩沉积反映了这一时期大气高CO2浓度,大量陆源化学风化的硅质流入海洋和大量生物的降解可能是造成这些硅质岩形成的基本原因。  相似文献   

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