共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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铁矿物是环境水体、土壤、沉积物和岩石的主要组分,其变化对环境的地球化学性质影响极大,如对土壤肥力、有机质降解、重金属元素的吸附与释放等.研究以石英粉(SiO2)为基底,在其上组装磺酸根(-SO3H)为外侧功能团的自组装单层,并以此自组装单层为模板,于Fe(NO3)3-HNO3低温液相反应体系中诱导生长铁的氢氧化物纳米薄膜.最佳的薄膜沉积条件为Fe(NO3)3浓度2.0 mM、pH为2.00、70℃水浴;薄膜的生长动力学曲线表明6 h的反应时间即完成薄膜沉积,而体系pH值对薄膜沉积有较大影响;用TEM和SEM表征该薄膜,在实验条件下生成的铁氧氢氧化物薄膜结晶良好,电子衍射分析表明结晶物相为针铁矿. 相似文献
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火焰法合成金刚石薄膜中晶体的组织结构研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
金刚石薄膜的结晶习性、位错、孪晶、生长方式不但是其本身的特性,同时与它的生长环境息息相关,因此把握住沉积与晶体生长的关系,是准确地控制和获得所需性能薄膜的基础。对火焰法合成金刚石薄膜的晶体生长方式、结晶习性、孪晶、聚晶以及显微结构进行研究和分析,可为火焰法合成金刚石薄膜提供理论基础。 相似文献
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用硼砂溶液及燃焰外焰对硬质合金基底表面进行预处理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对钨钴类硬质合金基底表面进行预处理的目的是降低基底表面钴的含量,以便降低钴对沉积金刚石薄膜的不利影响。为了改善金刚石薄膜的生长环境,提高其与硬质合金基底的粘接强度,将经过清洗后的硬质合金基底浸泡在硼砂饱和溶液中,在沉积金刚石薄膜时,先用燃焰外焰的热量及其氧化性对带有硼砂饱和溶液的硬质合金基底表面进行预处理30～60s,然后再进行化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜。经上述方法处理的试样与未经该法处理的试样相对比,前者的金刚石薄膜生长速度明显较快,生长温度也比较低,试样对标准砂轮的磨耗比值较后者的提高20%以上,表明本实验方法提高了薄膜与基底的粘接强度。 相似文献
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对雷州半岛西南部珊瑚岸礁区1995～1997年生长的造礁珊瑚Poriteslutea的骨骼密度、生长速度和δ18O分析表明：1)造礁珊瑚骨骼的密度、生长速度和δ18O与其生存环境的表层海水温度之间存在很好的相关性,高密度、低生长速率和高δ18O值对应于冬季;2)δ18O具有明显的年际和季节性变化。根据δ18O估计的表层海水温度变化范围与实测基本一致,进一步揭示了珊瑚骨骼δ18O可作为定量研究高分辨率表层海水温度变化的温度计。 相似文献
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通过高温固相反应制备了Er3+掺杂的nEr2O3:K2La2Ti3O10系列光催化剂,对样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱和比表面积分析,并以染料降解考察了样品的光催化活性.研究表明.Er3+的适量掺杂抑制了K2La2Ti3O10粒径生长,增加了K2La2Ti3O10对太阳光的利用率.提高了K2La2Ti3O10的光催化活性.当n=0.003时,K2La2Ti3O10的光催化活性最大,在可见光和紫外光辎照下,可将多种染料水溶液降解.在可见光辐照下,其光催化活性优于市售的光催化剂TiO2(P25). 相似文献
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陆生蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成,理论上取决于壳体生长季节的降水 18O丰度、温度和湿度,对揭示古气候和古环境变化具有巨大的潜力。然而,同一地区不同属种的蜗牛生长季节存在一定的差异,因此,了解不同季节生长的蜗牛壳体氧同位素特征,是其成为重建古气候、古环境变化的工具的关键。为了进一步阐明降水氧同位素组成和气候月际变化对蜗牛壳体 18O的影响,分别对从江苏镇江逐月采集的现生细纹灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida redfieldi)进行了整体壳体及壳口文石氧同位素组成的分析,结果表明： 1)不同月份采集的样品壳口的 δ18O 值变化较大,从－1.92‰至－6.79‰,幅度达4.87‰,其中,4～6月采集的样品 δ18O 值较正,平均 －2.40±0.42‰,7～9月采集的样品明显偏负,平均 －6.41±0.34‰; 2)整个壳体的 δ18O 值差别不大,平均 －2.61±0.47‰,与 4～6月壳口 δ18O 平均值相近; 3)不同月份蜗牛壳口 δ18O 值呈现出与当地的降水氧同位素组成、温度和大气相对湿度等相似的季节性变化模式,其中降水氧同位素组成对壳口 δ18O 变化的影响是主要的。这些特征说明,蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成受其生长时的环境因素(降水 18O丰度,温度和相对湿度)控制,对于中国夏季风影响地区来说,春季生长的蜗牛壳体相对富集 18O,而夏季生长的壳体 18O相对贫化。换句话说,根据蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成能够推测壳体主要生长季节,或降水 18O丰度及气候温湿程度的特征。对于B.ravida redfieldi来说,氧同位素组成显示了壳体主要生长时期为春季的特征。 相似文献
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蒙脱石基纳米FeOOH/TiO2复合材料的制备与光催化活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以蒙脱石为基底,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛/蒙脱石(TiO2/Mmt)复合光催化材料,通过Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系水解生长纳米FeOOH,从而制备出负载型羟基氧化铁/二氧化钛/蒙脱石(FeOOH/TiO3/Mmt)复合光催化材料以改善材料在可见光下的光催化性能.高分辨透射电镜的表征结果显示,FeOOH/TiO2复合薄膜厚度约为10～40 nm,TiO2为晶粒粒径约为5～10nm的锐钛矿,FeOOH为长10～30 nm,宽约4 nm的针铁矿.以甲基橙为目标物,对FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt复合材料的光催化性能进行初探,在甲基橙初始浓度为5 mg/L,催化剂用量为1.875 g/L,H2O2初始浓度为2 mmol/L,pH值为6.5,350 W氙灯照射1 h,甲基橙脱色率达到99%,明显优于相同条件下TiO2/Mint对甲基橙的45%脱色率;同时甲基橙残液的红外光谱图显示FeOOH/TiO2/Mmt/H2O2/UV体系比FeOOH/TiO2/Mint/H2O2/Visible light体系具备更好的光催化氧化苯环的能力,降解更为彻底. 相似文献
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Amongst fission products formed in atomic reactors, 99Tc is the most hazardous for the environment because of its long half-life (213000 yr), high content in spent nuclear fuel
(SNF) (0.8–1.0 kg per ton of SNF), low sorption ability, and high mobility under aerobic conditions. The bulk of 99Tc (∼200 t) is incorporated into SNF. In the course of SNF reprocessing, this radioisotope is released as a separate fraction
or along with actinides. More than 60 t of highly concentrated 99Tc have been accumulated to date. It is evident that isolation of 99Tc from the environment is a matter of great urgency. The immobilization of technetium in a highly stable and poorly soluble
matrix is a necessary element in settling this problem. Ceramics composed of titanates with pyrochlore, perovskite, and rutile
structures are proposed as matrices able to retain technetium along with actinides. The high chemical stability of these compounds
has been corroborated by experiments. The difficulties in production of such matrices are related to the fugacity of Tc and
the necessity of converting it into Tc(IV). To overcome this obstacle, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS),
characterized by reductive conditions and a high reaction rate, is proposed. The charge for matrix synthesis consists of reducing
agents (metallic powders with a strong affinity to oxygen, e.g., Ti and Zr), oxidants (MoO3, Fe2O3, CuO), and additives (TiO2, ZrO2, Y2O3, CaO, etc.), which taken together with other elements form target phases. Instead of Tc, Mo, close in chemical properties,
is used in matrix synthesis as a simulator. Samples of Mo-bearing matrices have been synthesized with SHS; their phase compositions
and Mo distribution therein are characterized. It has been shown that up to 40 wt % Mo can be incorporated into the synthesized
matrices in the form of metal or structural admixtures in titanates. The titanate-zirconate pyrochlore-based matrices are
the most appropriate for the joint immobilization of actinides, REEs, and 99Tc. 相似文献
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紫硫镍矿(Ni,Fe)3S4往往是镍黄铁矿表生蚀变作用的产物,分布在氧化带以下到潜水面附近。由于它易于氧化、淋失,故不易形成有工业价值的矿床,但在气候干燥地区,如我国甘肃金川地区,氧化速度减慢,特别是化学风化作用微弱,表面氧化膜隔离硫化镍与空气的连系,从而得以保持成为矿床。 相似文献
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Michael E. Bishop Ravi K. Kukkadapu Richard E. Edelmann 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(18):5229-5246
99Technetium (99Tc) is a fission product of uranium-235 and plutonium-239 and poses a high environmental hazard due to its long half-life (t1/2 = 2.13 × 105 y), abundance in nuclear wastes, and environmental mobility under oxidizing conditions [i.e., Tc(VII)]. Under reducing conditions, Tc(VII) can be reduced to insoluble Tc(IV). Ferrous iron, either in aqueous form (Fe2+) or in mineral form [Fe(II)], has been used to reduce Tc(VII) to Tc(IV). However, the reactivity of Fe(II) from clay minerals, other than nontronite, toward immobilization of Tc(VII) and its role in retention of reduced Tc(IV) has not been investigated. In this study the reactivity of a suite of clay minerals toward Tc(VII) reduction and immobilization was evaluated. The clay minerals chosen for this study included five members in the smectite-illite (S-I) series, (montmorillonite, nontronite, rectorite, mixed layered I-S, and illite), chlorite, and palygorskite. Surface Fe-oxides were removed from these minerals with a modified dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) procedure. The total structural Fe content of these clay minerals, after surface Fe-oxide removal, ranged from 0.7% to 30.4% by weight, and the structural Fe(III)/Fe(total) ratio ranged from 45% to 98%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy results showed that after Fe oxide removal the clay minerals were free of Fe-oxides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that little dissolution occurred during the DCB treatment. Bioreduction experiments were performed in bicarbonate buffer (pH-7) with structural Fe(III) in the clay minerals as the sole electron acceptor, lactate as the sole electron donor, and Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 cells as a mediator. In select tubes, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfate (AQDS) was added as electron shuttle to facilitate electron transfer. In the S-I series, smectite (montmorillonite) was the most reducible (18% and 41% without and with AQDS, respectively) and illite the least (1% for both without and with AQDS). The extent and initial rate of bioreduction were positively correlated with the percent smectite in the S-I series (i.e., layer expandability). Fe(II) in the bioreduced clay minerals subsequently was used to reduce Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) in PIPES buffer. Similar to the trend of bioreduction, in the S-I series, reduced NAu-2 showed the highest reactivity toward Tc(VII), and reduced illite exhibited the least. The initial rate of Tc(VII) reduction, after normalization to clay and Fe(II) concentrations, was positively correlated with the percent smectite in the S-I series. Fe(II) in chlorite and palygorskite was also reactive toward Tc(VII) reduction. These data demonstrate that crystal chemical parameters (layer expandability, Fe and Fe(II) contents, and surface area, etc.) play important roles in controlling the extent and rate of bioreduction and the reactivity toward Tc(VII) reduction. Reduced Tc(IV) resides within clay mineral matrix, and this association could minimize any potential of reoxidation over long term. 相似文献
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冰洲石系透明如水的方解石,CaCO_3含量达99.95％,县高折射率,用于制作各种偏光仪器,是现代高科技工业的重要矿物原料。我省碳酸盐岩分布地区赋存岩溶型、脉型、裂隙破碎带型冰洲石矿床。在古岩溶与节理裂隙相结合地段及方解石脉膨胀部位于成矿有利,光学材料晶体获得率较高。冰洲石的精选是以台灯聚光,在暗室里重点鉴定节瘤、管道、包体、剔出缺陷部分,获取商品晶体。四川地区现已发现有待勘查开发的冰洲石矿点30余处,建议加强地质勘查工作,对冰洲石资源进行保护性开采。 相似文献
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Varying pertechnetate (Tc(VII)) doses were reduced to Tc(IV) in the presence and absence of Gorleben humic substances with the aid of magnetite, a reducing Fe(II)-containing surface. In absence of humic substances dissolved Tc(IV) concentrations are over-saturated with respect to the known TcO2 · nH2O solubility and increase with increasing Tc(VII) dose due to the formation of a range of mononuclear to colloidal Tc(IV) species. In presence of dissolved humic substances, the Tc solubility is enhanced due to the additional interaction of dissolved Tc(IV) species with humic substances. Both in the absence and the presence of dissolved humic substances a sorption mechanism controls the distribution of the range of mononuclear to colloidal Tc(IV) species between the solid and the liquid phase. The proposed reaction mechanism between Tc(IV) and HS is represented by Σ[TcO(OH)2]n+HS = [TcO(OH)2]n − HS in which Σ[TcO(OH)2]n stands for the sum of monomeric and polynuclear (colloidal) Tc(IV) species present in the equilibrium solution. A log K-value of 2.9 (±0.3) was quantified from a modified Schubert approach which is based on the competition of HS and magnetite for all dissolved Tc(IV) species and was found independent of Tc–HS loading, Tc–magnetite loading and pH. 相似文献
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John M. Zachara Steve M. Heald Byong-Hun Jeon Chongxuan Liu Alice C. Dohnalkova 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(9):2137-2157
The subsurface behaviour of 99Tc, a contaminant resulting from nuclear fuels reprocessing, is dependent on its valence (e.g., IV or VII). Abiotic reduction of soluble Tc(VII) by Fe(II)(aq) in pH 6-8 solutions was investigated under strictly anoxic conditions using an oxygen trap (<7.5 × 10−9 atm O2). The reduction kinetics were strongly pH dependent. Complete and rapid reduction of Tc(VII) to a precipitated Fe/Tc(IV) form was observed when 11 μmol/L of Tc(VII) was reacted with 0.4 mmol/L Fe(II) at pH 7.0 and 8.0, while no significant reduction was observed over 1 month at pH 6.0. Experiments conducted at pH 7.0 with Fe(II)(aq) = 0.05-0.8 mmol/L further revealed that Tc(VII) reduction was a combination of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction. Heterogeneous reduction predominated after approximately 0.01 mmol/L of Fe(II) was oxidized. The heterogeneous reaction was more rapid, and was catalyzed by Fe(II) that adsorbed to the Fe/Tc(IV) redox product. Wet chemical and Fe-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy measurements (XANES) showed that Fe(II) and Fe(III) were present in the Fe/Tc(IV) redox products after reaction termination. 57Fe-Mössbauer, extended X-ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed that the Fe/Tc(IV) solid phase was poorly ordered and dominated by Fe(II)-containing ferrihydrite with minor magnetite. Tc(IV) exhibited homogeneous spatial distribution within the precipitates. According to Tc-EXAFS measurements and structural modeling, its molecular environment was consistent with an octahedral Tc(IV) dimer bound in bidentate edge-sharing mode to octahedral Fe(III) associated with surface or vacancy sites in ferrihydrite. The precipitate maintained Tc(IV)aq concentrations that were slightly below those in equilibrium with amorphous Tc(IV)O2·nH2O(s). The oxidation rate of sorbed Tc(IV) in the Fe/Tc precipitate was considerably slower than Tc(IV)O2·nH2O(s) as a result of its intraparticle/intragrain residence. Precipitates of this nature may form in anoxic sediments or groundwaters, and the intraparticle residence of sorbed/precipitated Tc(IV) may limit 99Tc remobilization upon the return of oxidizing conditions. 相似文献
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多数人认为“高TcYBaCuO、DyBaCuO稳定超导相晶体均属正交相,而超导性能又与结构的正交性密切相关,即正交性越好其超导性能亦越好”。作者在近期对不同单位所提供的样品进行统计研究发现“凡属高TcYBaCuO和DyBaCuO系列陶瓷超导晶体的大多数均属单斜相,其实质是由单斜相微小页片状孪晶单体所组成的,但就由页片状孪晶片所组成的长柱状整个晶粒而言,又显正交相光学特点,然而这种正交相也只能称之为假正交相”。 相似文献
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建立了放射性核素在裂隙岩石介质中迁移的双重介质模型,对模型的求解提出了一种新的数值方法—Galerkin有限元法与算子分裂、迎风、均衡格式相结合的新方法,给出了水质模型算子分裂、迎风、均衡格式的稳定性条件,且所得到的计算格式是非负的。最后通过对核素90Sr 100年、99Tc 1000年的预测计算,验证了本文所提方法的有效性和稳定性,并得出了一些有重要意义的结论。 相似文献
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X. Liu Y. Wang R. C. Liebermann P. D. Maniar A. Navrotsky 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,18(4):224-230
High-temperature x-ray powder diffraction study by the full pattern Rietveld method of orthorhombic CaGeO3 (Pbnm at ambient condition) perovskite confirms the previously observed phase transition at Tc=520 K. The measured volumetric thermal expansion coefficients are 3.1 x 10-5 (K-1) below Tc and 3.5x 10-5 (K-1) above Tc. The space group at T>Tc has been tentatively identified as Cmcm. Such a transition involves the disappearance of one of the two octahedral rotations in the (001) plane, and the doubling of the unit cell volume, with c axis unchanged. Although this transition should be of first order from symmetry considerations, the distortion of the Pbnm phase decreases continuously as the temperate approaches Tc and there is no observable volume discontinuity at Tc. The measured heat capacity places an upper limit on the enthalpy of transition of 50 J/mol, which is quite reasonable in terms of the crystallographic nature of this phase transition.A National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center 相似文献