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1.
豫西秦岭杂岩变质带的分布及主期变质时代的限定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
豫西秦岭杂岩中变质分级可呈与造山带大致平行的带状分布,从两侧向中心变质级别升高,尤其南侧分带明显:由南向北,依次为黑云母带-石榴子石带-蓝晶石带-夕线石带,直至斜方辉石带,而不是整体上经历了麻粒岩相变质作用。局部发生的麻粒岩相变质未见明显向角闪岩相变质转化的退变结构。通过几种岩石的锆石LA-MC-ICPMS测年研究,多数样品中的锆石经受了后期强烈的改造,同位素体系或多或少被重置。尽管如此,侵位花岗岩和伟晶岩年龄限定了主期变质作用的时代应老于484±3Ma,并可能与早期的榴辉岩相变质作用在演化上有联系。主期变质(不包括榴辉岩相变质)性质与经典的巴罗式变质带可以对比;此外,研究区未经历明显的地壳增厚,与高喜马拉雅结晶岩系类似,秦岭杂岩可能经历了中、下地壳物质沿隧道流上升过程。 相似文献
2.
闽北地区面型带状分布的巴罗式前进变质带从浅→深→混合岩化带→区域型混合花岗岩呈渐进过渡式的、是和谐的。断裂变质作用缺乏从深→浅的面型带状分布的进变质带,变质级与混合岩化强度带不和谐,呈突变跳跃式。研究表明,成矿元素在区域变质作用过程中难以大规模迁移与富集,混合岩化花岗岩化作用提供了成矿元素迁移富集的物理化学条件;区域型混合花岗岩和边缘型混合花岗岩与岩浆花岗岩（狭义的）在成矿作用方面有明显的差异,表现出别具一格的成矿专属性。 相似文献
3.
巴罗型中压变质带与巴肯型低压高温变质带的成因与大陆板块边缘的碰撞造山及陆内造山作用之间有着紧密的联系。根据变质带的空间时间配置关系、压力类型、变质作用pTt轨迹、伴生的岩浆岩等等,可以区分出3种类型的大陆造山模式:弧-陆拼贴型、陆-陆碰撞型(可进一步分为中高压型碰撞造山带和双变质型山带型(paired metamorphic mountain belt)陆-陆碰撞带)、陆内造山地壳加厚-伸展型。巴罗型中压变质带普遍出现于地壳加厚-热弛豫的构造环境,但巴肯型低压变质带形成的构造背景及物理化学条件在不同的造山带有不同的表现形式,其热源至少有:壳内岩浆侵入或岩浆板底垫托、沉降盆地放射性同位素的衰变热、构造热穹隆、变质核杂岩、地下热流体传热等。大陆边缘造山带中巴罗型变质带的倒转以及板内造山带中变质带问断等现象与造山动力学过程密切相关,记录了造山过程中的重要的地质事件,也是探讨造山历史的理想场所。由于四川丹巴地区松潘—甘孜造山带形成于很独特的3个板块双极性构造环境,表现出与世界上典型造山带诸多相似的地方,如巴罗型中压变质带、巴肯型低压高温带同时在一系列变质穹隆中发育,但又有其特殊性和复杂性,如通常只发育在大陆边缘的倒转的巴罗带和陆内造山过程中的变质相间断同时出现,显然这与本? 相似文献
4.
桐柏-大别山区高压变质相的构造配置 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
作为华北和扬子陆块间的碰撞造山带桐柏大别山区以发育高压、超高压变质带为特征,从南到北变质相从低级到高级,代表俯冲带深度不同的变质产物,整体形成高压变质相系列。不过现今各变质相岩石的分布极受后期地壳规模的伸展构造控制,大别杂岩的穹隆作用更使高压变质相带的空间分布复杂化。超高压变质岩今日多呈大小不等的块体嵌布于相对低压的大别杂岩之内,造山带根部物质的热软化,使许多深层地幔物质得以像挤牙膏一样挤出于大别杂岩内。它们之中广泛发育着减压退变质的显微结构,与大别杂岩内一些麻粒岩相表壳岩所保存的减压退变质证迹一样,同是挤出作用和碰撞后隆升的构造证迹。高压相系的发育使南桐柏山和大别山迥然不同于桐商（ 商丹） 断裂以北的北秦岭北淮阳变质带。新近发表的同位素年代学（４０Ａｒ ３９ Ａｒ） 资料：３１６ ～４３４ Ｍａ ,已证明北秦岭是古生代变质带,它与桐柏－ 大别印支期碰撞造山带差异甚大。这两个变质地温梯度差异甚大的变质地体的拼合,说明华北和扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合带是商丹－ 桐商断裂带 相似文献
5.
构造分析结合变质作用PTt轨迹和同位素年代学资源指出，现今观察到的大别－苏鲁超高压－高压变质带区域构造框架，主要是在印支期中－朝与扬子克拉通斜向碰撞及超高压－高压变质作用期后伸展体制下形成的（200－170Ma)。构造样式类似于北美科迪勒拉型变质核杂岩并发育多层低缓角度地壳尺度的伸展拆离带。几何形态表现为大型穹窿或小型穹窿群。区域伸展构造叠加于先期碰撞或挤压构造之上，控制了超高压和高压变质岩石的空间分布。大规模的近水平韧性伸展流动，是在超高压－高压变质岩石从地幔深处折返到中、下地壳层次及角闪岩相环境下发生的。广泛的减压部分熔融作用反映的壳－幔动力学过程和地壳热结构的变化，是促使造山带从挤压体制向伸展体制转换的因素之一。证明造山带尺度的地壳伸展和薄化作用，在超高压和高压变质岩石折返到地表动力学过程中，曾起过重要作用。 相似文献
6.
变质核杂岩研究进展、基本特征及成因探讨 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
本文对比了国内外变质核杂岩的基本特征后，重点探讨了几个问题：变质核杂岩发育的构造位置，既有如科迪勒拉变质核杂岩的陆缘冒地斜中心的，又有大量是陆内的。它们的基本结构更普通的是三层式，即在核杂岩和上部不变质的以发育正断层为特点的盖层之间，通常发育一套以浅变质的、发生过强烈近水平剪切所致的韧性流变的中间层状岩系；从韧性流变层的不均匀分布，反映出地热状态的横向不均一性；变质核杂岩的几何学、运动学、热状态及岩浆作用和变质作用等表明，幔源热隆、地壳的热软化、重力上浮及水平应力的联合作用可能是其隆升的原因。 相似文献
7.
伸展变质核杂岩(mcc)的基本特征包括:(1)缓倾至中等倾角的具有大规模位移的(几十千米)区域至准区域性延伸的主拆离断层;(2)与断层相关的糜棱片岩和片麻岩下盘(包括可能出露更深层次的非糜棱化结晶岩);(3)上盘上地壳基底岩和/或表壳岩层.关键的一点是,所有变质核杂岩是沿地壳深部(大于10～15 km)大型拆离断层大规模地壳伸展和地壳切除(缺失)的产物.我们认为,地壳剖面无大规模缺失的以基底为核的穹隆状杂岩不是一般构造定义上公认的变质核杂岩.变质核杂岩形成于同缩短期和缩短期后的多种构造环境中.由于前期或同期的缩短作用,变质核杂岩似乎都发育在地壳强烈增厚的区域.绝大多数(但显然并非全部)变质核杂岩都与岩浆作用有密切的时空关系.变质核杂岩起控制作用的拆离断层一般生根于中地壳或直接位于石英变为晶质塑性的韧脆性转化带下的深处,但有些拆离断层切穿大部或整个地壳.大多数变质核杂岩总体上具有不对称或简单剪切的构造几何特征,但有些变质核杂岩呈现较为对称的边界拆离断层. 相似文献
8.
大别山地壳结构的Pb同位素地球化学示踪 总被引：36，自引：1，他引：36
研究了大别山东部北大别变质杂岩，南大别变质杂岩和白垩纪花岗岩的全岩Pb同位素组成，结果表明，北大别变质杂岩与南大别变质杂岩相比，前者以相对低放射成因Pb同位素组成为特征，按照Pb同位素组成在地壳垂向剖面上的变化模型，指出在大别山地壳垂向结构上，北大别变质杂岩应位于南大别变质杂岩之下，这一认识得到大别山不同构造岩石单元中产出的白垩纪花岗岩Pb同位素对岩浆源区示踪的有力支持，因此南大别超高压变质带是发育在北大别杂岩之上的一个构造岩片，这对进一步确定扬子克拉通向华北克拉通俯冲－碰撞的缝合线位置具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
麻山杂岩的两种变质作用及其与花岗岩的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在黑龙江佳木斯地块麻山杂岩中识别出麻山杂岩中具有两种类型的变质作用:早期局部的麻粒岩相变质作用(M1)和伴随的无水深熔作用(>530Ma),即狭义的麻山群高级变质作用,变质岩多以残留块体形式散布于后期混合岩或花岗岩之中;麻粒岩相变质之后由于广泛的岩浆活动,造成了强烈的混合岩化作用(500Ma)和相应大范围的晚期角闪岩相变质作用(M2)。角闪岩相和麻粒岩相变质并非带状递进变化,而是在时空上均有差异的两种变质作用。混合岩化过程中的富水流体对早期"干"岩石进行了明显的退变质改造,从而造成高级变质岩变质结构的复杂性。此外,含水花岗岩的侵位对先期麻粒岩相变质成因锆石同位素体系有重置作用,使得早期的变质年龄难以测定。麻山杂岩的变质-花岗岩关系与东南极普里兹带有类似之处,在变形-变质之后迅速发生了构造体系的转换,出现了新的岩浆活动,只是花岗岩发育强度有所不同,反映了两地构造演化细节上的差异。西伯利亚古陆南缘及中亚造山带内部的一些微陆块发生了与冈瓦纳陆块内泛非事件类似的构造-热-岩浆事件,因此,中亚造山带内部的佳木斯地块及其他类似的微陆块与冈瓦纳古陆边缘活动带具有相似的构造性质。 相似文献
10.
辽南变质核杂岩具有3层结构,由5部分构成,包括上盘异地岩块与半地堑状伸展盆地、下盘深成变质杂岩与同构造侵入岩体、介于上下盘之间的主拆离断层带共同构成。上盘异地岩块主要为新元古宙与古生界弱变形沉积岩系,岩层经历过印支期前伸展变形作用的改造。伸展盆地在辽南地区规模很小,仅局限于变质核杂岩的局部地段,其中发育了晚白垩世火山-沉积岩系。下盘变质杂岩由太古宙TTG片麻岩系为主,并有少量变质上壳岩系,它们被晚中生代时期同构造就位的二长花岗岩-花岗岩系侵入。拆离断层内发育了记录地壳不同层次拆离作用历史的各种不同类型的构造… 相似文献
11.
Thermal models for Barrovian metamorphism driven by doubling the thickness of the radiogenic crust typically meet difficulty in accounting for the observed peak metamorphic temperature conditions. This difficulty suggests that there is an additional component in the thermal budget of many collisional orogens. Theoretical and geological considerations suggest that viscous heating is a cumulative process that may explain the heat deficit in collision orogens. The results of 2D numerical modelling of continental collision involving subduction of the lithospheric mantle demonstrate that geologically plausible stresses and strain rates may result in orogen‐scale viscous heat production of 0.1 to >1 μW m?3, which is comparable to or even exceeds bulk radiogenic heat production within the crust. Thermally induced buoyancy is responsible for crustal upwelling in large domes with metamorphic temperatures up to 200 °C higher than regional background temperatures. Heat is mostly generated within the uppermost mantle, because of large stresses in the highly viscous rocks deforming there. This thermal energy may be transferred to the overlying crust either in the form of enhanced heat flow, or through magmatism that brings heat into the crust advectively. The amplitude of orogenic heating varies with time, with both the amplitude and time‐span depending strongly on the coupling between heat production, viscosity and collision strain rate. It is argued that geologically relevant figures are applicable to metamorphic domes such as the Lepontine Dome in the Central Alps. We conclude that deformation‐generated viscous dissipation is an important heat source during collisional orogeny and that high metamorphic temperatures as in Barrovian type metamorphism are inherent to deforming crustal regions. 相似文献
12.
青藏高原南部拉萨地体的变质作用与动力学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的最南缘,它在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。因此,拉萨地体是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩以前被认为是拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底。但新近的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期和不同类型的变质作用,包括在洋壳俯冲构造体制下发生的新元古代和晚古生代高压变质作用,在陆-陆碰撞环境下发生的早古生代和早中生代中压型变质作用,在洋中脊俯冲过程中发生的晚白垩纪高温/中压变质作用,以及在大陆俯冲带上盘加厚大陆地壳深部发生的两期新生代中压型变质作用。这些变质作用和伴生的岩浆作用表明,拉萨地体经历了从新元古代至新生代的复杂演化过程。(1)北拉萨地体的结晶基底包括新元古代的洋壳岩石,它们很可能是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中形成的莫桑比克洋的残余。(2)随着莫桑比克洋的俯冲和东、西冈瓦纳大陆的汇聚,拉萨地体洋壳基底经历了晚新元古代的(～650Ma)的高压变质作用和早古代的(～485Ma)中压型变质作用。这很可能表明北拉萨地体起源于东非造山带的北端。(3)在古特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体和羌塘地体经历了中古生代的(～360Ma)岩浆作用。(4)古特提斯洋盆的闭合和南、北拉萨地体的碰撞,导致了晚二叠纪(～260Ma)高压变质带和三叠纪(～220Ma)中压变质带的形成。(5)在新特提斯洋中脊向北的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体经历了晚白垩纪(～90Ma)安第斯型造山作用,形成了高温/中压型变质带和高温的紫苏花岗岩。(6)在早新生代(55～45Ma),印度与欧亚板块的碰撞,导致拉萨地体地壳加厚,形成了中压角闪岩相变质作用和同碰撞岩浆作用。(7)在晚始新世(40～30Ma),随着大陆的继续汇聚,南拉萨地体经历了另一期角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用和深熔作用。拉萨地体的构造演化过程是研究汇聚板块边缘变质作用与动力学的最佳实例。 相似文献
13.
巴罗式递增变质带能为地壳增厚及造山作用带来全新的认识.为了解辽东半岛北辽河群浪子山组内巴罗式变质带的野外分布和变质特征，对本溪地区连山关-祁家堡巴罗式变质带进行了详细的野外调查和室内研究工作.野外填图表明，浪子山组巴罗式变质带由南向北可以分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带和蓝晶石带.岩相学研究表明，蓝晶石带的蓝晶十字石榴云母片岩保存了3阶段的矿物组合:（1）进变质阶段（M1）矿物组合为Pl+Qz+Ms+Bt+Ctd+Chl±Grt；（2）峰期变质阶段（M2）以Ky+St+Grt+Bt+Ms+Qz+Pl+Ilm为特征；（3）退变质阶段以毛发状的矽线石（M3-1）和变斑晶边缘或裂隙处生长的绿泥石和绢云母为特征（M3-2）.相平衡模拟表明，蓝晶十字石榴云母片岩所经历的进变质和峰期变质温压条件分别为~440℃/~3.7 kbar，~670℃/~7.9 kbar，具有典型的顺时针P-T轨迹.变质锆石U-Pb定年结果得到蓝晶十字石榴云母片岩经历了~1.96 Ga的峰期变质作用；碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布于2 631~2 020 Ma，浪子山组蓝晶十字石榴云母片岩碎屑物源可能来自于太古宙基底（~2.5 Ga）和2.2~2.1 Ga的岩浆岩.结合前人研究资料表明，浪子山组巴罗式变质带所记录的P-T-t轨迹以及大量的逆冲推覆构造揭示了胶-辽-吉带在~1.96 Ga经历了与造山作用相关的地壳增厚过程. 相似文献
14.
喜马拉雅造山带加里东期构造作用:以马拉山-吉隆构造带为例 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
青藏高原是由复合地体和复合造山拼贴体组成,是新元古代以来长期活动、多期造山及新生代最后隆升的基础上形成的高原。最近在马拉山-吉隆构造带中厘定出形成于445~431Ma的碎屑锆石,包括岩浆成因和变质成因,以及447Ma的变质事件,比已有关于安第斯型造山作用的认识晚30~60Myr。主量、微量和同位素特征显示志留纪片麻岩具有和奥陶纪花岗岩一致的地球化学特征,属于同一套岩石。综合已有现象推断出:喜马拉雅地区古生代构造事件持续时间更长,微陆块与冈瓦纳大陆北缘的碰撞作用可能发生在志留纪,引发奥陶纪的岩浆岩发生变质作用,以及志留纪的岩浆活动,这些热事件属于加里东期构造作用。 相似文献
15.
胶北地体地壳演化：玲珑黑云母花岗岩继承锆石U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素证据 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
胶北地体晚侏罗世下地壳重熔的玲珑黑云母花岗岩大面积出露,其中残留有大量继承锆石,记录了多期热事件,为复杂的地壳演化过程提供了重要线索。论文通过分析玲珑黑云母花岗岩中继承锆石的U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素组成,探讨了胶北地体的地壳演化历史。结果显示胶北地体前寒武纪经历了~2.9Ga和~2.7Ga两期主要的地壳生长事件,~2.5Ga和2.2~1.8Ga两期地壳重熔改造事件,~2.5Ga和1.95~1.8Ga两期变质事件。~2.9Ga的岩浆作用形成于岛弧环境,~2.7Ga岩浆活动与下地壳基性物质的部分熔融有关,~2.5Ga发生的岩浆和变质事件与地幔柱底侵作用有关,并有同时期的表壳岩组合-胶东岩群形成。~2.1Ga地壳处于拉张状态,伴有与裂谷活动有关的双峰式岩浆作用,荆山群和粉子山群开始沉积,而后1.95~1.8Ga发生碰撞造山运动,胶北所有早前寒武纪岩石单元卷入此次事件,并发生变质作用。自此之后,直至二叠纪末,胶北处于岩浆活动的沉寂期,但于~1.7Ga和~1.0Ga发生沉积作用,形成芝罘群和蓬莱群。二叠纪末扬子板块向北俯冲于华北克拉通之下,并于三叠纪与华北克拉通发生陆陆碰撞作用,致使扬子板块北缘新元古代花岗岩发生超高压变质,形成苏鲁超高压变质带,之后超高压变质岩发生折返。玲珑黑云母花岗岩复杂的继承锆石组成可能表征了前寒武纪岩石卷入陆-陆碰撞事件而发生再循环作用。 相似文献
16.
T.E. Johnson C.L. Kirkland D.R. Viete S. Fischer S.M. Reddy N.J. Evans B.J. McDonald 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(6):1469-1478
The type locality for high-temperature,low-pressure regional metamorphism,the Buchan Block in NE Scotland,exhibits profound differences to the rest of the Grampian Terrane.These differences have led some to regard the Buchan Block as an exotic crustal fragment comprising Precambrian basement gneisses and cover rocks thrust into their current position during Grampian orogenesis.Although rocks of the Buchan Block are now generally correlated with Dalradian strata elsewhere,the origin of the gneisses and the cause of the high heat flow and associated magmatism is debated.We report SIMS U-Pb and LA-ICPMS Hf isotopic data in zircon from high-grade rocks from the northeast(Inzie Head Gneiss)and northwest(Portsoy)corners of the Buchan Block.Around Inzie Head,upper amphibolite to granulite facies metasedimentary gneisses coexist with diorite sheets that were emplaced contemporaneously with partial melting of their host rocks,at least locally.U-Pb geochronology indicates a crystallisation age for the diorite of 486±9 Ma.Highly-deformed diorites within the Portsoy Gabbro have a crystallisation age of 493±8 Ma.Ages of ca.490 Ma for magmatism and high-grade metamorphism,which are broadly contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction and the onset of orogenesis,are significantly older than the established peak of Grampian metamorphism(ca.470 Ma).We propose a new model for the Grampian Orogeny involving punctuated tectonothermal activity due to tectonic switching during accretionary orogenesis.Rollback of a NW-dipping subduction zone at ca.490 Ma produced a back-arc environment(the Buchan Block)with associated arc magmatism and high dT/dP metamorphism.Arrival of an outboard arc resulted in shortening(the initial phase of the Grampian Orogeny)at ca.488 Ma.Rollback of a NW-dipping subduction zone to the SE of the ca.488 Ma suture began at 473 Ma and led to lithospheric-scale extension,decompression melting and advective heating of the middle crust,producing the widespread ca.470 Ma Grampian(classic Barrovian and Buchan)regional metamorphism.Resumed hinge advance and the final phase of shortening cut off the heat supply at ca.465 Ma,marking the end of the Grampian Orogeny. 相似文献
17.
Exposed cross‐sections of the continental crust are a unique geological situation for crustal evolution studies, providing the possibility of deciphering the time relationships between magmatic and metamorphic events at all levels of the crust. In the cross‐section of southern and northern Calabria, U–Pb, Rb–Sr and K–Ar mineral ages of granulite facies metapelitic migmatites, peraluminous granites and amphibolite facies upper crustal gneisses provide constraints on the late‐Hercynian peak metamorphism and granitoid magmatism as well as on the post‐metamorphic cooling. Monazite from upper crustal amphibolite facies paragneisses from southern Calabria yields similar U–Pb ages (295–293±4 Ma) to those of granulite facies metamorphism in the lower crust and of intrusions of calcalkaline and metaluminous granitoids in the middle crust (300±10 Ma). Monazite and xenotime from peraluminous granites in the middle to upper crust of the same crustal section provide slightly older intrusion ages of 303–302±0.6 Ma. Zircon from a mafic to intermediate sill in the lower crust yields a lower concordia intercept age of 290±2 Ma, which may be interpreted as the minimum age for metamorphism or intrusion. U–Pb monazite ages from granulite facies migmatites and peraluminous granites of the lower and middle crust from northern Calabria (Sila) also point to a near‐synchronism of peak metamorphism and intrusion at 304–300±0.4 Ma. At the end of the granulite facies metamorphism, the lower crustal rocks were uplifted into mid‐crustal levels (10–15 km) followed by nearly isobaric slow cooling (c. 3 °C Ma?1) as indicated by muscovite and biotite K–Ar and Rb–Sr data between 210±4 and 123±1 Ma. The thermal history is therefore similar to that of the lower crust of southern Calabria. In combination with previous petrological studies addressing metamorphic textures and P–T conditions of rocks from all crustal levels, the new geochronological results are used to suggest that the thermal evolution and heat distribution in the Calabrian crust were mainly controlled by advective heat input through magmatic intrusions into all crustal levels during the late‐Hercynian orogeny. 相似文献
18.
喜马拉雅造山带的部分熔融与淡色花岗岩成因机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喜马拉雅造山带核部由高级变质岩和淡色花岗岩组成,是研究大陆碰撞造山带部分熔融与花岗岩成因的天然实验室.基于最新研究成果,探讨了喜马拉雅造山带核部变质作用的条件、类型以及P-T轨迹、部分熔融的方式与程度及熔体成分以及变质作用与部分熔融的时间和持续过程.相关证据表明,造山带核部经历了高压麻粒岩相至榴辉岩相变质作用,具有以增温增压进变质和近等温降压退变质为特征的顺时针型P-T轨迹.这些高压变质岩石发生了长期持续的高温变质与部分熔融.在泥质岩石的进变质过程中白云母和黑云母脱水熔融可以形成不同成分的熔体.同时,总结了淡色花岗岩的形成时间、地球化学特征和源区熔融方式,结果表明碰撞造山过程中加厚下地壳的脱水熔融形成了喜马拉雅造山带的淡色花岗岩. 相似文献
19.
The effects of metamorphic reactions on the thermal structure of a collisional overthrust setting are examined via forward numerical modelling. The 2D model is used to explore feedbacks between the thermal structure and exhumation history of a collisional terrane and the metamorphic reaction progress. The results for average values of crustal and mantle heat production in a model with metapelitic crust composition predict a 25–40 °C decrease in metamorphic peak temperatures due to dehydration reactions; the maximum difference between the P–T–t paths of reacting and non‐reacting rocks is 35–45 °C. The timing of the thermal peak is delayed by 2–4 Myr, whereas pressure at peak temperature conditions is decreased by more than 0.2 GPa. The changes in temperature and pressure caused by reaction may lead to considerable differences in prograde reaction pathways; the consumption of heat during dehydration may produce greenschist facies mineral assemblages in rocks that would have otherwise attained amphibolite facies conditions in the absence of reaction enthalpy. The above effects, although significant, are produced by relatively limited metamorphic reaction which liberates only half of the water available for dehydration over the lifetime of the prograde metamorphism. The limited reaction is due to the lack of heat in a model with the average thermal structure and relatively fast erosion, a common outcome in the numerical modelling of Barrovian metamorphism. This problem is typically resolved by invoking additional heat sources, such as high radiogenic heat production, elevated mantle heating or magmatism. Several models are tested that incorporate additional radiogenic heat sources; the elevated heating rates lead to stronger reaction and correspondingly larger thermal effects of metamorphism. The drop in peak temperatures may exceed 45 °C, the maximum temperature differences between the reacting and non‐reacting P–T–t paths may reach 60 °C, and pressure at peak temperature conditions is decreased by more than 0.2 GPa. Field observations suggest that devolatilization of metacarbonate rocks can also exert controls on metamorphic temperatures. Enthalpies were calculated for the reaction progress recorded by metacarbonate rocks in Vermont, and were used in models that include a layer of mixed metapelite–metacarbonate composition. A model with the average thermal structure and erosion rate of 1 mm year?1 can provide only half of the heat required to drive decarbonation reactions in a 10 km thick mid‐crustal layer containing 50 wt% of metacarbonate rock. Models with elevated heating rates, on the other hand, facilitated intensive devolatilization of the metacarbonate‐bearing layer. The reactions resulted in considerable changes in the model P–T–t paths and ～60 °C drop in metamorphic peak temperatures. Our results suggest that metamorphic reactions can play an important role in the thermal evolution of collisional settings and are likely to noticeably affect metamorphic P–T–t paths, peak metamorphic conditions and crustal geotherms. Decarbonation reactions in metacarbonate rocks may lead to even larger effects than those observed for metapelitic rocks. Endothermic effects of prograde reactions may be especially important in collisional settings containing additional heat sources and thus may pose further challenges for the ‘missing heat’ problem of Barrovian metamorphism. 相似文献
20.
阿尔泰海西造山带区域变质作用类型与地壳演化 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
新疆阿尔泰海西造山带主要发育两期区域变质作用.第一期变质作用属于区域低温动力变质作用类型,以形成低绿片岩相矿物组合为特征,变质温度较低,而应力作用较强,是造山作用初期热流活动较弱,构造变形强烈环境下的产物.第二期变质作用属于区域动力热流变质作用类型,以形成典型的递增变质带为特征.这一期代表造山作用主期热流活动强烈,伴随有构造变形和岩浆活动.不同的变质作用类型代表了不同的大地构造环境,记录了造山带的演化历史和动力学过程. 相似文献