共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits have significant development potential. In 2011, the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association (COMRA) and International Seabed Authority (ISA) signed a contract to explore a 10 000 km2 region of the seafloor along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) containing hydrothermal sulfides. As regulated by the contract, China will have to relinquish 50% and 75% of the contract area within 8 and 10 years, respectively. However, exploration for seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposits in China remains in the initial stage. Based on quantitative prediction theory and the status of exploration for SMS, we assemble factors related to the deposits in terms of topography, geology, geophysics, and several other related aspects along the SWIR and extract the most favorable information to establish a prospecting prediction model for SMS. By employing the weights-of-evidence method, we obtain a weighting for each prediction factor and thereby obtain a posterior probability map for the SWIR. The prediction result suggests that the central region of the SWIR has the highest posterior probability, i.e., it is the most prospective for the formation of hydrothermal vents and related SMS. Known hydrothermal areas such as Mt. Jourdanne, area A and 10°E–16°E are all located in the regions with high posterior probability values. The Chinese contract area (47°–51°E) has the highest posterior probability value and thus can be selected as a reserved region for additional exploration. By narrowing the exploration area and improving exploration accuracy, the predictions made will provide a focus for further exploration of seafloor hydrothermal sulfide resources. 相似文献
2.
迄今所发现的现代海底成矿作用主要分布在沿大西洋中脊、东太平洋海岭和西太平洋沟弧盆系的各热液田中。现代海底成矿作用形成了大量具有重大经济意义的矿产,它们主要是铁锰结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物和被称之为２１世纪能源的气体水合物。现代海底成矿作用及其所形成矿床的研究是矿床前研究的前沿课题,它对于矿床学的发展,揭示成矿作用的奥秘和海底资源的开发都具有重大意义。 相似文献
3.
中国萤石矿预测评价模型与资源潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国萤石矿资源较丰富,探明资源量居世界前列。我国的萤石矿研究工作主要围绕大中型萤石矿床的地质特征、物质来源、成因、区域成矿规律和少数省级萤石矿成矿远景区划、区域萤石矿资源潜力评价展开。为摸清萤石矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,亟需开展系统的、全国性的萤石矿成矿规律和资源潜力评价。依据中国萤石矿资源潜力评价报告数据和成果,文章分析了中国萤石矿矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带;在各省区建立的典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型基础上,以成矿系列理论为指导,突出总结萤石矿成矿要素和预测要素,归纳、汇总、提出了热液充填型和沉积改造型萤石矿矿床预测评价模型;以各省区圈定的最小预测区、归并的2级预测区和估算的资源量为基础,依据预测要素和区域预测模型,归并、圈定了198个3级预测区,汇总估算了全国萤石矿预测资源量,提出了中国萤石矿预测远景区。中国萤石矿资源丰富,找矿潜力大,预测资源量（CaF2）约9.5亿t,其中单一萤石矿预测资源量约4.3亿t,以热液充填型预测资源量为主。预测远景区主要分布于中国东部,四子王旗、冀北-辽西、豫南、皖南-浙西、浙中、闽北-粤东等地区成矿条件好,资源潜力大,是萤石矿预测资源量较大的地区。 相似文献
4.
Lawrence M. Cathles 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(5-6):639-657
Episodic seafloor spreading, ridge topography, and fault movement at ridges find (more extreme) analogs in the arc and back-arc setting where the volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits that we mine today were formed. The factors affecting sulfide accumulation efficiency and the extent to which sulfides are concentrated spatially are the same in both settings, however. The processes occurring at mid-ocean ridges therefore provide a useful insight into those producing VMS deposits in arcs and back-arcs. The critical observation investigated here is that all the heat introduced by seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges is carried out of the crust within a few hundred meters of the ridge axis by ??350°C hydrothermal fluids. The high-temperature ridge hydrothermal systems are tied to the presence of magma at the ridge axis and greatly reduce the size and control the shape of axial magma intrusions. The amount of heat introduced to each square kilometer of ocean crust during its formation can be calculated, and its removal by high-temperature convection allows calculation of the total base metal endowment of the ocean basins. Using reasonable metal deposition efficiencies, we conclude that the ocean floor is a giant VMS district with metal resources >600 times the total known VMS reserves on land and a copper resource which would last >6,000?years at current production rates. 相似文献
5.
古代与现代火山成因块状硫化物矿床研究进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
火山成因块状硫化物（VolcanogenicMas siveSulfide,简称VMS）矿床可见于前寒武纪至现代的各个地质时代。现代海底热液成矿作用为研究VMS矿床提供了一种新的途径,DSDP／ODP钻探资料揭示：①VMS矿床虽然可产生于不同环境,但均与张裂断陷有关。②成矿物质可能来源有 2种：一种是含矿火山岩系及下伏基底物质的淋滤;另一种是深部岩浆房挥发份的直接释放。③洋中脊海底热液循环呈双扩散对流模式。在有沉积物覆盖的洋中脊,热液循环更多地考虑流体与沉积物相互作用产生的效果。④从矿物组合的空间分布来看,热液硫化物堆积体上部以烟囱体为主,下部以块状硫化物为主,深部以网脉状硫化物为主,这在不同热液活动区似乎具有普遍性。
VMS矿床的矿化模式反映的是一种热液成因,这种热液是深部（1～3 km）岩浆侵入所引起并通过海水在热穹隆之上循环产生的。VMS矿床的深入研究要求我们致力于发现新的矿产地,提高样品采集、分析技术,加强海底热液活动与构造、岩浆作用和环境演变的一体化研究。 相似文献
VMS矿床的矿化模式反映的是一种热液成因,这种热液是深部（1～3 km）岩浆侵入所引起并通过海水在热穹隆之上循环产生的。VMS矿床的深入研究要求我们致力于发现新的矿产地,提高样品采集、分析技术,加强海底热液活动与构造、岩浆作用和环境演变的一体化研究。 相似文献
6.
Prediction models for mineral resources provide an analytical foundation and method to express the results of resource evaluations. The project “China National Mineral Resources Assessment Initiative” was conducted during 2006–2013, with the aim to determine the location, quantity, and quality of 25 important mineral resources occurring at depths of <1 km. There are currently 80 integrated prediction models on the scale of III–level metallogenic belts in use across China. The Huangshaping Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, Hunan province, China, is used as a case study to establish methods and processes for developing a mineral resource prediction model that would be used for exploration targeting. The construction of prediction models requires the development of a classification scheme for the proposed prediction method appropriate for the prediction area. An initial metallogenic model is quantitatively transformed to a prospecting model, and then a prediction model. The incorporation of additional methodology, analysis of a comprehensive geological database, and correlation of asymmetric information between the well–explored typical deposit area and regional prediction area, yield an integrated prediction model. This paper also discusses the prediction modeling theory, and presents 12 models used for mineral assessments. 相似文献
7.
8.
Sulfide sulfur in mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal vents is derived from leaching of basaltic-sulfide and seawater-derived sulfate that is reduced during high temperature water rock interaction. Conventional sulfur isotope studies, however, are inconclusive about the mass-balance between the two sources because 34S/32S ratios of vent fluid H2S and chimney sulfide minerals may reflect not only the mixing ratio but also isotope exchange between sulfate and sulfide. Here, we show that high-precision analysis of S-33 can provide a unique constraint because isotope mixing and isotope exchange result in different Δ33S (≡δ33S-0.515 δ34S) values of up to 0.04‰ even if δ34S values are identical. Detection of such small Δ33S differences is technically feasible by using the SF6 dual-inlet mass-spectrometry protocol that has been improved to achieve a precision as good as 0.006‰ (2σ).Sulfide minerals (marcasite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite) and vent H2S collected from four active seafloor hydrothermal vent sites, East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9-10°N, 13°N, and 21°S and Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) 37°N yield Δ33S values ranging from −0.002 to 0.033 and δ34S from −0.5‰ to 5.3‰. The combined δ34S and Δ33S systematics reveal that 73 to 89% of vent sulfides are derived from leaching from basaltic sulfide and only 11 to 27% from seawater-derived sulfate. Pyrite from EPR 13°N and marcasite from MAR 37°N are in isotope disequilibrium not only in δ34S but also in Δ33S with respect to associated sphalerite and chalcopyrite, suggesting non-equilibrium sulfur isotope exchange between seawater sulfate and sulfide during pyrite precipitation. Seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides are characterized by low Δ33S values compared with biogenic sulfides, suggesting little or no contribution of sulfide from microbial sulfate reduction into hydrothermal sulfides at sediment-free mid-oceanic ridge systems. We conclude that 33S is an effective new tracer for interplay among seawater, oceanic crust and microbes in subseafloor hydrothermal sulfur cycles. 相似文献
9.
牙克石地区位于大兴安岭中段西坡得尔布干断裂的南东侧,隶属于兴-蒙成矿带,已发现钼多金属矿床(点)20余处,显示了较好的成矿条件及巨大的找矿潜力. 在区域地质矿产调查的基础上,通过对区域地质背景及典型矿床的对比分析,划分了钼多金属矿床的类型,分析了矿床的成因及找矿方向. 研究认为区域钼多金属矿床主要有斑岩型、岩浆热液型、云英岩型、破碎带蚀变岩型、夕卡岩型、细脉浸染裂隙充填型,成矿多与花岗(斑)岩体及断裂构造有关,成矿过程与华北板块与蒙古地块的陆-陆碰撞和古太平洋板块向亚洲板块俯冲有关,是多个板块运动联合作用的产物. 研究区内铅锌银钼矿的发现,体现了化探工作找矿的有效性. 因此,在该地区进行矿产勘查工作,应充分考虑成矿地质背景和1:20万水系沉积物地球化学异常的吻合程度,利用地质、物探、化探、GIS技术精准预测远景区及靶区,以期寻找中生代斑岩型和热液脉型钼多金属矿床,兼顾晚古生代斑岩型钼矿. 相似文献
10.
11.
洋中脊超基性岩热液成矿系统通常与洋底核杂岩构造有关,多发育大型矿床,具有巨大的资源前景。然而,受大洋调查取样手段的限制,超基性岩蛇纹岩化对成矿的影响仍需进一步研究。德尔尼铜矿床是地质历史上该类矿床的典型案例,对于理解其成矿模式,以及大洋硫化物勘探具有指导意义。本文选取德尔尼铜矿床块状硫化物样品进行黄铁矿的S同位素分析,结果表明其δ34S值主要分布在-0.4‰～+6.3‰。结合前人研究发现,形成于深部网脉状、条带状矿石中的δ34S值为负值,而经历表层喷流和破碎作用的块状和角砾状矿石中的δ34S值为正值,二者呈对称分布,这主要是由于还原条件下岩浆排气产生的SO_2和H_2S动态平衡并逐渐沉淀S2-,表明蛇纹岩化提供的还原环境对热液系统演化产生了重要影响。然而,磁黄铁矿和矿床Ni的分布指示成矿物质中超基性岩的贡献较小,主要物质来源是洋中脊深部的基性岩浆,通过热液循环将物质运移至海底并喷流成矿。对比现今超基性岩赋矿的高温热液硫化物矿床,德尔尼铜矿床形成温度更低,代表了超基性岩赋矿热液硫化物中的中温端元,表明在距离拆离面一定距离(约2～4km)的位置也可能形成大型的热液硫化物矿床,这对于现今洋中脊热液硫化物勘探具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
12.
P. Halbach N. Blum U. Münch W. Plüger D. Garbe-Schönberg M. Zimmer 《Mineralium Deposita》1998,33(3):302-309
In December 1993, the first massive sulfides were recovered from the Indian Ocean floor, north of the Rodrigues Triple Junction.
The polymetallic deposit is situated in the fourth Central Indian Ridge segment, close to the rift axis; it is hydrothermally
no longer active. The deposit appears to be typical of mid-ocean ridge massive sulfide occurrences but is in a phase of disintegration
and about to be buried by sediment. The chimney structures were formed by multiple hydrothermal events and are now degraded
by mass wasting showing various stages of weathering. Later-stage, low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization processes led
to copper and gold enrichment. Here we report on the geological setting, mineral zonation, different sulfide types and stages
of formation of the “Sonne Sulfide Field”, which is part of a larger mineralized zone.
Received: 20 October 1997 / Accepted: 4 December 1997 相似文献
13.
14.
近年来经济的快速发展导致铅锌矿产资源需求大量增加,使得我国的铅锌资源储备形势依然严峻。基于此,在全国开展铅锌矿产资源潜力评价工作,通过总结铅锌矿地质矿产成果,掌握铅锌矿产资源现状,预测未查明的铅锌矿产资源潜力,能够更好地满足未来铅锌矿产资源规划部署及合理利用的需要。在系统梳理全国29个省级行政单位铅锌矿产资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结中国铅锌矿时空分布规律特征,结合传统的矿床模型以及全国重要矿产预测类型划分方案划分了铅锌矿矿产预测类型,将全国铅锌矿划分为9类矿产预测类型,分别是层控碳酸盐岩型（MVT）、碳酸盐岩细碎屑岩型（SEDEX）、砂砾岩型、沉积改造型、陆相火山岩型、海相火山岩型、岩浆热液型、夕卡岩型和风化壳型;分析了重要成矿区带的铅锌矿矿产预测类型、成矿时代,总结了各成矿区带主要类型铅锌矿区域预测要素,建立了主要类型铅锌矿区域预测模型。结合全国大地构造相图、全国成矿区带图以及全国各级预测区分布图等资料,划分了15个铅锌矿成矿省和47个Ⅲ级成矿区带,以成矿省(成矿区带)为主线开展矿产资源潜力评价和预测工作,为勘查部署提供依据。 相似文献
15.
The Bent Hill massive sulfide deposit and ODP Mound deposit in Middle Valley at the northernmost end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge are two of the largest modern seafloor hydrothermal deposits yet explored. Trace metal concentrations of sulfide minerals, determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS, were used in conjunction with mineral paragenetic studies and thermodynamic calculations to deduce the history of fluid-mineral reactions during sulfide deposition. Detailed analyses of the distribution of metals in sulfides indicate significant shifts in the physical and chemical conditions responsible for the trace element variability observed in these sulfide deposits. Trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi) analyzed in a representative suite of 10 thin sections from these deposits suggest differences in conditions and processes of hydrothermal alteration resulting in mass transfer of metals from the center of the deposits to the margins. Enrichments of some trace metals (Pb, Sb, Cd, Ag) in sphalerite at the margins of the deposits are best explained by dissolution/reprecipitation processes consistent with secondary remineralization. Results of reaction-path models clarify mechanisms of mass transfer during remineralization of sulfide deposits due to mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. Model results are consistent with patterns of observed mineral paragenesis and help to identify conditions (pH, redox, temperature) that may be responsible for variations in trace metal concentrations in primary and secondary minerals. Differences in trace metal distributions throughout a single deposit and between nearby deposits at Middle Valley can be linked to the history of metal mobilization within this active hydrothermal system that may have broad implications for sulfide ore formation in other sedimented and unsedimented ridge systems. 相似文献
16.
海底块状硫化物矿床具有巨大的经济价值和良好的开发前景。但是由于勘探难度和技术手段的限制,在全球已经发现的600多个海底热液喷口和硫化物矿床中,不到5%的矿床进行了详细的勘探,进行资源量计算的矿床更是屈指可数。选择适当的方法估算储量对于深海资源开发意义重大。本文系统总结了前人估算海底硫化物储量的方法,并以勘探程度相对较高、数据资料相对丰富的Atlantis-II-Deep矿床和Solwara 1矿床为例,评析了前人采用不同储量计算方法得到的结果和各种方法计算的准确性;针对有一定钻孔数据的TAG硫化物堆丘,采用距离反比法重新计算了储量,并和块段法估算的结果进行对比。得到以下结论:(1)海底硫化物矿体形态是制约储量估算方法适用性的一个重要因素;(2)传统几何法可以在极低勘探条件下估算海底硫化物储量量级;(3)对于海底硫化物储量估算,地质统计学的精度高于传统几何法;(4)较高勘探条件下距离反比法可以与地质统计学相互对照、验证;(5)在一定钻孔数量的条件下,可以应用距离反比法进行海底硫化物储量估算。 相似文献
17.
The basalt-hosted Wocan Hydrothermal Field (WHF), located on the NW slope of an axial volcanic ridge at a depth of ∼3000 m at 6°22′N on the slow-spreading Carlsberg Ridge, northwest Indian Ocean, was discovered in 2013 during Chinese DY28th cruise. Preliminary investigations show that the field consists of two hydrothermal sites: Wocan-1, which shows indications for recent high-temperature hydrothermal activity, is located near the peak of the axial volcanic ridge at a water depth of 2970–2990 m, and Wocan-2 site, located at a water depth of 3100 m, ∼1.7 km to the northwest of Wocan-1. The recovered hydrothermal precipitates can be classified into four groups: (i) Cu-rich chimneys; (ii) Cu-rich massive sulfides; (iii) Fe-rich massive sulfides; and (iv) silicified massive sulfides. We conducted mineral texture and assemblage observation and Laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses of the hydrothermal precipitates to study the mineralization processes. Our results show that there are distinct systematic trace element distributions throughout the different minerals in the four sample groups. In general, chalcopyrite from the group (i) is enriched in Pb, As, Mo, Ga, Ge, V, and Sb, metals that are commonly referred to as medium- to low-temperature elements. In contrast these elements are present in low contents in the chalcopyrite grains from other sample groups. Selenium, a typical high-temperature metal, is enriched in chalcopyrite from groups (ii) and (iv), whereas Ag and Sn are enriched only in some silicified massive sulfides. As with chalcopyrite, pyrite also shows distinct trace element associations in grains with different habitus. The low-temperature association of elements (Pb, Mo, Mn, U, Mg, Ag, and Tl) is typically present in colloform/framboidal pyrite, whereas the high-temperature association (Se, Co, and Bi) is enriched in euhedral pyrite. Sphalerite in the groups (i) and (iii) at Wocan-1 is characterized by high concentrations of Ga, Ge, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb, indicating that sphalerite in these sample groups likely precipitated at intermediate temperatures. Early bornite, which mainly occurs in the central part of the Cu-rich chimney, is typically enriched in Sn and In compared to the other minerals. In contrast, late bornite that likely formed during increasing interaction of hydrothermal fluids with cold, oxygenated seawater has low Sn and In, but significantly higher concentrations of Ag, Au, Mo and U. Digenite, also forming in the exterior parts of the samples during the late stages of hydrothermal fluid venting, is poor in most trace elements, except Ag and U. The notable Ag enrichment in the late-stage mineral assemblages at both Wocan-1 and Wocan-2 may therefore be related to lower temperatures and elevated pH. Our results indicate that Wocan-1 has experienced a cycle of heating with Cu-rich chimney growth and subsequent cooling, followed by late seafloor weathering, while Wocan-2 has seen intermediate- to high-temperature mineralization followed by intense silicification of sulfides. Seafloor weathering processes or mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater during the waning stages of hydrothermal fluid flow result in significant redistributions of trace elements in sulfide minerals. 相似文献
18.
通过对三江地区北段地质、地球化学、地球物理等资料的综合分析,提供了三江北段矿产资源综合预测图,划分出8个重点成矿远景区(带),同时指出了各成矿远景区(带)内主攻矿种及可能的矿床类型。三江北段主攻矿种是铜矿、金矿、银铅锌矿及以铜为主的多金属矿,而矿床类型大多为热液型、火山型和岩浆型,这些研究在该区的找矿工作中具有重要的参考和利用价值。 相似文献
19.
我国既是钴矿资源消费大国,又是钴矿资源进口大国,受新能源电动汽车工业的影响,近年来钴矿资源得到越来越多的关注.为了科学地评估我国钴矿资源潜力,指导找矿勘查部署工作,立足国内,提高我国钴矿资源的保障能力,笔者２０１９—２０２１年开展了９个重点省(自治区)的钴矿资源潜力评价工作.本文从我国钴矿床分布和地质特征角度,先以成矿地质作用为主线,厘定我国找矿预测矿床类型,包括与沉积地质作用有关的风化型、化学沉积型、砂岩型和海底喷流沉积型,与火山地质作用有关的海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型,与侵入岩浆地质作用有关的岩浆型、矽卡岩型(接触交代型)、热液脉型和斑岩型,与变质地质作用有关的沉积变质型,以及少量与大型变形地质作用有关的变质核杂岩型;进而梳理并总结了各类型钴矿有关的成矿地质体.通过分析我国钴矿的矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,综合地质、物探、化探和遥感信息等预测要素,建立找矿预测模型,并在此基础上圈定找矿远景区,估算资源量.结果表明:我国钴矿包括风化型镍钴矿、海底喷流沉积型铜钴矿、海相火山岩型铁铜钴矿、海相火山岩型块状硫化物铜锌钴矿、岩浆型铜镍钴矿和热液脉型钴矿６种主要找矿预测类型;圈定416个钴矿最小预测区,圈定64个找矿远景区,优选99个找矿靶区,提出下一步勘查建议;９个重点省(自治区)累计查明钴资源储量45.3万t,预测钴资源量约420万t. 相似文献
20.
通过分析对比前人在黔桂地区寒武纪重晶石方面的研究资料,结合区域构造运动、沉积展布和演化特征,对寒武纪大型重晶石矿床的形成背景和条件进行了研究,认为寒武纪地层的重晶石矿热液沉积成因和生物沉积成因并不是对立的,海底热液不是由火山喷发而是通过深大断裂连接的岩浆形成海底的局部热点形成的.在谊区构造、火山运动整体较弱的背景下,热... 相似文献