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1.
通过对五台地区高凡矿田高凡银金矿床中的脉石英、石英斑岩中的石英斑晶、铜钼矿化脉石英和变辉绿岩脉中脉石英的中子活化稀土成分分析,并结合苏联有关研究资料表明:石英中微量稀土元素的地球化学特征基本上反映了其形成时初始溶液或岩浆的稀土元素地球化学行为,可利用来判断金矿床的成因及成矿物质来源.浅成金矿床脉石英显示∑REE、∑Y/∑S_c、∑LREE/∑HREE、Eu/Sm较小,La/Yb处于地壳岩石计算值范围,稀土配分模式基本与酸性岩类的一致;深成金矿床脉石英则显示∑REE、∑Y/∑S_c、∑LREE/∑HREE、Eu/Sm较大,La/Yb低于地壳岩石计算值,稀土配分模式与超基性岩类相似.  相似文献   

2.
青海省五龙沟矿区金矿化的石英稀土元素地球化学指示   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
五龙沟金矿区硅化石英的稀土元素地球化学特征可较好地反映金矿化程度和多期次成矿特性,金矿化愈好,则Eu/Eu^*,Ce/Ce^*,LREE/HREE和La/Yb值愈高,稀土元素含量与金矿化没有明显的相关性,但∑REE值以及配分模式可指示不同的矿化期,矿化作用从早到晚,∑REE值逐渐升高。  相似文献   

3.
李楠  张志超  刘兴武  刘基 《岩石学报》2018,34(5):1312-1326
阳山是西秦岭金矿带已探明金储量最大的独立金矿,金矿化主要呈微细浸染状分布于千枚岩和花岗质岩脉中,锑矿化主要分布于花岗质岩脉与千枚岩接触带的石英±方解石脉中,是研究微细浸染状金矿化与脉状金-锑矿化的时间、空间和成因关系的理想选区。成矿主阶段微细浸染状黄铁矿-毒砂矿化已有大量研究,而晚阶段脉状金-锑矿化特征及其与主阶段微细浸染状金矿化关系尚待查明。论文系统研究了成矿晚阶段流体包裹体组合特征、辉锑矿及石英的矿物学、稀土和微量元素特征,并与成矿主阶段进行对比,以期理清阳山金矿带金矿化与锑矿化的关系。流体包裹体组合显微测温结果显示,成矿晚阶段流体均一温度为271.3~288.3℃,具有中低温、低盐度、富Cl和CO_2、还原性的变质流体来源的特征,与成矿主阶段一致。辉锑矿呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的"右倾式"稀土配分模式,并可见中-弱的Eu负异常和强的Ce负异常,与千枚岩和花岗质岩脉的稀土元素配分模式相似。辉锑矿富含Ag、Au、As等微量元素,与赋矿围岩中这些元素的高背景值有关。结合硫化物硫同位素数据,指示阳山金矿带成矿物质来源可能为赋矿的千枚岩和花岗质岩脉:在区域构造抬升引发的退变质过程中,千枚岩和花岗质岩脉发生变质脱挥发分作用,释放出金等成矿物质。金矿化与锑矿化贯穿整个成矿作用,随着成矿温度、压力的变化,以及成矿流体成分的演化,成矿早、主阶段以微细浸染状含金硫化物为主,发育位置较深,成矿晚阶段以自然金-辉锑矿脉为主,发育位置较浅,在矿带尺度上符合造山型金矿地壳连续成矿模式的垂向分布规律。本文查明了阳山金矿带微细浸染状金矿化与脉状金-锑矿化的关系,明确其为造山型金矿浅成金-锑矿化,并在此基础上提出了找矿方向,为西秦岭及其他地区类似金矿床的理论研究与找矿勘探提供了有益参考。  相似文献   

4.
新疆西天山阿希金矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
本文在系统总结前人关于矿床地质特征和流体成矿作用研究成果的基础上,补充开展了热液成矿期石英-碳酸盐阶段石英、方解石和重晶石中流体包裹体的均一法和冷冻法测温,并对石英样品进行了气相色谱测量,对石英流体包裹体中的稀土和微量元素进行了测试。结果表明,矿床具有典型的浅成低温热液金矿的特点,成矿流体总体上盐度很低,多数都集中于0.53~1.57wt%NaCl。成矿流体的主要成分为H_2O、CO_2和CH_4。流体包裹体微量元素与容矿围岩具有继承性,流体中Cu、Ni、Co、Mo、Zn、Pb、V、Sb和Li等的含量较高,可能说明了Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Bi和Ba等元素在水岩反应过程中更容易进入流体当中。石英流体包裹体中∑REE为13825×10~(-12)~149935×10~(-12),LREE/HREE为2.63~50.83,δEu为0.70~0.91,表现为Eu的弱亏损。成矿流体的REE配分型式与火山岩具有相同的Eu亏损和右倾配分曲线,表明成矿流体在演化过程中可能继承了早期火山岩的REE特征;但成矿流体的LREE/HREE值比火山岩大,前者的REE配分曲线比后者更加右陡倾斜,这可能与后期变质水和大气降水的混入引起的成矿流体物质组分发生有关。  相似文献   

5.
包尔图铜矿床位于南天山库米什洋盆俯冲变质带的边缘,矿体受断裂构造控制。矿区围岩为一套中深变质岩,其稀土元素组成具有如下特征:∑REE较高,LREE/HREE=2.46~16.86,轻重稀土元素明显分异,且轻稀土相对富集,负铕异常,配分模式曲线向右倾斜。矿石的∑REE相对较低,LREE/HREE=0.06~0.97,轻重稀土元素明显分异,重稀土相对富集,配分曲线向左倾斜,与混合岩脉体的稀土元素配分模式相近。稀土元素组成特征指示矿床的成矿过程可能与混合岩化作用有关。结合矿床地质特征,认为包尔图铜矿床为变质热液型铜矿床。  相似文献   

6.
本文采用ICP—MS测定了焦家、马塘、东季、红布等焦家式金矿床中黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素组成。结果表明:采用ICP—MS直接测定黄铁矿包裹体的稀土元素是可行的;包裹体爆裂丰度虽然对稀土总量有影响,但矿源稀土元素背景值的差异也是流体中稀土总量差别的主要原因之一。∑REE、δEu、δCe及LREE/HREE、(La/Yb)N、(Ce/Yb)N、(La/Lu)N都是有意义的稀土元素特征参数;焦家式金矿同一成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征相似,显示了它们的同源特征;不同成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征有差异,反映了其成矿流体特征的差异。  相似文献   

7.
乌拉嘎金矿床地质地球化学特征研究   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
乌拉嘎金矿矿体赋存于燕山晚期的斜长花岗斑岩与黑龙江群下亚群接触带附近的近东西向展布的构造角砾岩中,围岩蚀变强烈;金矿化主要受角砾岩带控制。矿床成矿微量元素组合为Au、Hg、As、Sb,且含量均呈向下递增的趋势。LaN/YbN值变化范围为14.146~28.311,稀土元素配分模式为右倾的轻稀土富集型;∑LREE:165.76~62.68;∑HREE:45.82~15.2;LREE/HREE为6.09~4.124,为轻稀土富集型。岩体中流体包裹体以低盐、低压且有天水加入为特征,为典型的浅成低温热液型矿床。  相似文献   

8.
《矿物学报》2015,35(1)
以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义.研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物.萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一.变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低.稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响.变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征.Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系.  相似文献   

9.
以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义。研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物。萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一。变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低。稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响。变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征。Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系。  相似文献   

10.
山东金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的流体包裹体REE组成   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
文章运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法,研究了金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的脉石英中流体包裹体REE组成特征,结果表明流体包裹体的REE均为LREE富集型,并显示Eu正异常。成矿流体REE配分模式和REE参数特征表明它们具有相当的来源。与金矿有关的成矿母岩,即昆嵛山花岗岩和七宝山次火山岩的REE特征也极为相似,反映成矿流体的REE组成都有从成岩向成矿过程演化继承的关系。矿床流体包裹体REE组成的相似特征及矿床碳氧同位素等特点表明,金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床是华北东部中生代同一构造热事件的产物。  相似文献   

11.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

12.
本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

13.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

14.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

15.
本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

18.
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.  相似文献   

20.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

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