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1.
陆生植物氮同位素组成与气候环境变化研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
近年来,由于植物氮同位素组成(δ15N)记载了气候环境变化的信息,因而被广泛应用于全球变化研究中,成为古气候环境再造和了解现代气候环境变化信息的有力工具。然而,人们对气候环境引起的δ15N变化及其指示的气候环境意义并不完全清楚,这就有可能限制植物δ15N在古气候环境变化等领域研究中的应用。在概述植物氮同位素分馏和植物不同氮源的氮同位素分布的基础上,分析了温度、降水、大气CO2浓度和海拔高度等气候环境因子对陆生植物δ15N的影响以及它们的关系。指出了目前研究中存在的问题及其研究前景,认为在全球变化研究中利用植物氮同位素技术不仅可以重建古气候环境(如重建大气CO2浓度变化),揭示历史时期温度、降水的变化,而且还可以在一定的时间和空间上综合反映生态系统氮循环的特征。  相似文献   

2.
新疆阿勒泰地区小冰期特征的树轮δ13C记录   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3  
建立了新疆阿勒泰地区一个长约450a的落叶松树轮碳同位素年表.该年表一个最为明显的特点是1850年后年轮δ13C显著降低,这是化石燃料燃烧和土地利用方式改变的缘故.在1550—1850年期间,该年表经历了明显的距平“正负”(即暖冷)变化:17世纪年轮δ13C值相对偏负,气温较低,18世纪年轮δ13C值相对偏正,温度较高.根据已有的树轮δ13C温度系数,17世纪的温度相对偏低约0.67~2.46℃.广泛的区域性对比表明,该年表所揭示的小冰期温度变化具有较高的可信度。  相似文献   

3.
The application of carbon isotope (δ13C) collected from stalagmite to reconstruct the past climate and/or ecologic evolution, relative to other preserved indicators, is much limited due to its complex influencing factors including climate outside cave and complicated and site-specific karstic process. In terms of various climate and non-climate limiting factors on stalagmite δ13C, and combined with a large number of geological records and modern cave monitoring data of the latest researches, the pathway and behavior of the signal transmission of δ13C in the cave system were analyzed. The possible relationship between δ13C excursions and climate oscillations under different time scales was thus discussed. Although the degree of noise becomes increasing mixed with δ13C on centennial scales or shorter, the climatic elements, such as temperature and humidity (or precipitation), as predominant modulators exert directly or indirectly influence on vegetation overlying the soil and associated soil CO2 productivity on millennial-orbital scales. Future work should be focused on further deeply extracting the common δ13C signals from specific caves by exploring the controlling factors, both including climatic and non-climatic ones, attaching importance to the seasonal characteristics of stalagmite δ13C, and taking full advantage of its potential in the indication of local environmental events. The use of multi-proxy and multi-method will contribute to better understanding the interesting linkages among the δ13C characteristics, karstic process, global carbon cycle and associated climate change.  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原北部植物叶片碳同位素组成的空间特征   总被引:30,自引:5,他引:25  
测定了青藏高原北部13个地点101份草本植物叶片碳同位素组成(δ13C值), 结果发现, 植物叶片δ13C值的分布范围在-29.2‰~-23.8‰之间, 平均值约为-26.89‰, 明显低于全球高海拔植物叶片δ13C值(-2.6‰) ; 而植物叶片δ13C值随海拔和经、纬度的变化趋势与其它同类报道相似:随着海拔的升高和经、纬度的降低, 植物叶片δ13C值呈现升高趋势. 叶片δ13C值也随土壤含水量和土壤温度的变化而变化:土壤含水量越高, 土壤温度越低, 植物叶片δ13C值越小, 但它们之间的相关关系不具统计学意义. 初步分析表明, 大气压力 (CO2分压)和温度的协同变化导致了叶片δ13C值随着海拔变化的分布格局, 而温度和相对湿度的变化是引起叶片δ13C值的经、纬度效应的主要因子.  相似文献   

5.
土壤有机碳同位素组成(δ13C)记录的环境信息对研究气候与环境变化至关重要,然而高海拔地区土壤δ13C对气候变化的响应机制尚不明确。对青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江中上游地区(海拔3 500~5 100 m)的36个表土样品进行了δ13C系统分析,并讨论了其对气候因素的响应。结果表明:表土δ13C值分布在-24.6‰~-15.2‰范围之间,平均值为-20.8‰,指示了地上植被为C3/C4混合植被类型。随着海拔的升高,C4植物比例减少,C3植物比例增加,这种比例变化主导了该区域表土δ13C的组成差异。海拔每升高100 m,δ13C值偏负0.5‰。进一步分析说明,生长季温度可能是影响该区域表土δ13C变化的主要气候因子,降水、大气压等对δ13C值的贡献较低。  相似文献   

6.
青藏高原北部植物叶片碳同位素组成特征的环境意义   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
测定了青藏高原北部13个地点101份草本植物叶片碳同位素组成(δ 13 C值)。研究结果表明,与其它地区相比,青藏高原北部植物叶片δ 13 C值相对较高,并且在海拔 4161 m的西大滩仍有植物δ 13 C值落在C4植物区,说明青藏高原的地理特殊性以及植物适应环境的策略。随海拔的升高,植物叶片δ 13 C值也随之升高,但变化程度具有物种的依赖性。唐古拉山南边植物叶片δ 13 C值明显高于北边植物叶片δ 13 C值,分析表明植物叶片δ 13 C值南北分布的这种格局主要是由降水的差异决定的。  相似文献   

7.
受到植物化石材料局限性与时代久远性的限制,目前用古生代植物化石δ13C值来反演古环境的研究程度较低。文中通过对云南省曲靖市下泥盆统徐家冲组和文山州下泥盆统坡松冲组的部分植物化石进行稳定碳同位素测试,分析了早泥盆世植物的光合作用途径以及古环境。结果表明: 徐家冲组镰蕨属(Drepanophycus)δ13C值为-29.0‰~-22.8‰,平均值为-24.5‰,其中镰蕨属茎轴的δ13C值高于叶片0.1‰~0.3‰;坡松冲组工蕨属(Zosterophyllum)和始叶蕨属(Eophyllophyton)δ13C值分别为-24.8‰~-22.1‰和-23.0‰~-22.6‰,平均值分别为-23.2‰和-22.7‰;三者的δ13C值分布范围都与现代C3植物一致。自徐家冲组第57至第79沉积旋回,δ13C值总体呈上升趋势,达到2‰左右,推测可能与早泥盆世大气CO2浓度下降和气候变冷相关。镰蕨属和工蕨属的Ci/Ca值较为稳定,说明这2种植物可能对大气CO2浓度变化较为敏感,曲靖市古气候可能为当今的热带疏林草原气候或热带季风气候。  相似文献   

8.
森林生态系统的土壤微生物群落组成和活性,是影响生物地球化学循环、有机质代谢和土壤质量的关键因素.磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)是一类可有效表征活体微生物群落结构的生物标志物,而其单体稳定碳同位素(δ13C)水平对土壤微生物植物碳代谢具有独特的指示作用.本次研究以土壤PLFA为对象,分析了我国位处纬度梯度带上(24°N~47°N...  相似文献   

9.
柴北缘大煤沟地区侏罗系记录了西北地区古环境演化的重要信息。文章通过对大煤沟剖面进行有机地球化学分析,尝试恢复大煤沟地区侏罗系的环境演化。分析认为,H/C比与C/N比、δ 13C呈现良好的负相关性。早侏罗世:C/N比和δ 13C整体逐渐减小,H/C比逐渐变大;中侏罗世:C/N比和δ 13C在前期保持稳定,后期急剧负偏,而H/C比则反之;晚侏罗世:C/N比和δ 13C基本保持低值不变,H/C比稳定在高值区间。早—中侏罗世有机元素C/N比多大于15,表明有机质来源主要以 陆生高等植物为主。大煤沟剖面古气候表现为两个旋回,在早侏罗世小煤沟组时期古气候特征为温湿—干热,自中侏罗世晚期古气候开始从温湿向干热演化。  相似文献   

10.
高砷地下水中溶解性有机碳和无机碳稳定同位素特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周殷竹  郭华明  逯海 《现代地质》2015,29(2):252-259
随着稳定同位素分析技术的逐步完善,碳稳定同位素被广泛应用于地球化学领域。高砷地下水砷的生物地球化学循环是目前环境化学研究热点之一。分析概括了碳稳定同位素应用于地下水领域的研究现状,介绍了地下水中有机碳和无机碳稳定同位素的前处理方法以及测试技术。在此基础上,选取了内蒙古河套平原具有代表性的高砷地下水进行氧化还原敏感组分、碳稳定同位素的测定与分析。结果表明,As分布极不均匀,其含量为1.24~387 μg/L。地下水溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量相对较高,与溶解性无机碳(DIC)浓度基本呈正相关。δ13CDIC相对δ13CDOC较富集13C;δ13CDIC13CDOC与δ13CDIC之间具有显著的正相关关系;表明δ13CDIC值越贫化,δ13CDIC13CDOC越小,地下水中来源于有机物氧化分解的无机碳越多,进一步说明有机碳的氧化分解在无机碳稳定同位素贫化过程中起主要作用。此外,δ13CDIC13CDOC与As浓度呈一定的负相关关系;表明有机物的微生物降解对砷的富集具有明显的促进作用。微生物可利用的碳源增加,促进异养微生物的代谢,并消耗氧气,最终形成有利于地下水As富集的还原环境。  相似文献   

11.
黄土有机质稳定碳同位素研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
有关黄土高原历史时期原生植被类型的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,也具有现实的指导意义。土壤有机质稳定碳同位素(δ13Corg)是区域植被中C4/C3植物相对丰度的灵敏指示器,对黄土有机质稳定碳同位素的研究可以部分地重建过去的植被类型变化历史,并可探讨与此有关的气候、环境问题。已有的研究结果表明:黄土高原古土壤发育阶段δ13Corg偏正于黄土沉积阶段,表明随气候由冷干向暖湿转变黄土高原C4植物相对丰度上升,然而在C4植物相对丰度上升的主要驱动因素上仍存在夏季风和温度两种观点。相应的在空间上,C4植物的相对丰度无论冰期还是间冰期都是由黄土高原东南向西北递减。而基于黄土δ13Corg的研究认为黄土高原历史时期一直以草原为主,不存在大面积的森林。尽管已有的研究对黄土有机质稳定碳同位素分布和变化的一般性规律取得了共识,但在研究中还存在一些问题,在黄土δ13Corg变化机制上还存在争议,值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

12.
早三叠世是地球发展史上的特殊时期,代表了古、中生代过渡时期的生态重建与复苏.随着各种“异常环境事件”信息在近年陆续被揭示,早三叠世地质学研究成为地学界新的热点领域.海相碳酸盐碳同位素组成记录了碳循环的变化,是理解重大突变期的生态环境事件和地球过程的重要切入点.最近10年的研究表明,过去集中在二叠纪/三叠纪界线附近发现的“负漂移”现象只能代表海洋化学持续了约5 Ma的动荡局面的开始,直到中三叠世才趋于平稳,高频率、大幅度的整体演变型式已很难用过去提出的机制进行解释.全球范围内缺乏可精确对比性以及高达+8‰的正向极值的成因等,都是值得深入思考的问题.  相似文献   

13.
土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素古环境意义及应用   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素特征是反映古气候与古环境的重要代用指标,其碳氧稳定同位素组成分别受土壤CO2中C同位素组成和大气水的O同位素控制。在一定深度的土壤中,土壤次生碳酸盐δ^13C就主要受当地植物类型(C3植物和C4植物等)控制。土壤次生碳酸盐样预处理中剔除土壤中原生碳酸盐以及有机物污染尤为重要。土壤中次生碳酸盐C、O稳定同位素地球化学在土壤发生学、古气候恢复、古生态重建以及全球变化研究中应用日益广泛,但解译时可能受应用年代范围、成岩作用、原生和次生碳酸盐混杂、土壤碳酸盐多元发生等因素影响,其应用机理和范围还需进一步探讨。  相似文献   

14.
Phytolith has been widely used as a tool to reconstruct the paleoenvironment, and the investigation of modern phytolith is very crucial to the accurate interpretation of phytolith data in ancient sediments. Studies of modern process of phytolith primarily include the morphological analysis of phytolith in modern plants, and the relationships between the formation and growth of phytolith and environmental factors, as well as the transportation and taphonomy of phytolith in modern soils and sediments. The formation of phytolith in plants is controlled not only by genes but also by environmental factors, such as humidity, precipitation, temperature, CO2 concentration, soil pH, and nutrient status, etc. The morphology, assemblages, 13C and 18O of phytolith in plants can respond sensitively to environmental variables. The phytolith assemblages can be affected by its taphonomy and transportation that may be different due to phytolith types and soils/sediments texture. It is necessary to investigate the phytolith morphology and types in modern plants, the relationship between its formation and environmental factors, and the impact of transportation and taphonomy on phytolith assemblages under different environmental conditions in order to promote the application of phytolith analysis to paeloenvironment reconstruction.  相似文献   

15.
Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high 13C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO2 content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of 13C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in 13C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high 13C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high 18O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO2 and pO2 states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO2 by green plants during the time with high 13C of seawater forced CO2 being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO2 in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic 87Sr/86Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO2 from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO2. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO2 to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献   

16.
粘土矿物在气候环境变化研究中的应用进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在古环境和古气候的重建中,粘土矿物和碳-氧同位素、孢粉、树轮、冰芯等代用指标一样具有同等重要的地位。在没有地质构造运动影响时,气候是影响粘土矿物形成的主要因素,沉积物中的粘土矿物可用来分析古气候和古环境。粘土矿物及其组合可以独立或作为主要指标反映气候和环境变化,并已应用于高分辨率的晚第四纪地层的气候环境研究中。粘土矿物在很短的时间内也会发生明显地变化,不仅可以反映千年-百年尺度的气候环境变化,而且也可以反映几十年尺度的古气候环境变化过程。粘土矿物与其它指标对同一气候环境响应的相位差有待深入研究。不同的半定量分析方法测量出的同一剖面中粘土矿物的含量变化趋势和特征具有一致性。  相似文献   

17.
李栋  赵敏  刘再华  陈波 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):155-166
河流输送到海洋的溶解无机碳(DIC)和有机碳(OC)受自然和人为双重因素的影响。了解DIC和OC的年龄、来源和转化,有助于掌握全球碳收支和提高现在以及未来自然和人类对河流碳循环影响的估算精度。本研究以普定岩溶水-碳循环试验场泉(地下水)-池(地表水)耦联系统为研究对象,利用双碳同位素(13C- 14C)方法,结合水生植物生长和传统水文地球化学特征,揭示了地下水-地表水系统中DIC和颗粒有机碳(POC)的来源及其转化机制。研究发现:(1)泉-池系统中DIC和POC的Δ14C具有相同的变化趋势,泉水中Δ14C值低于池水中Δ14C值,反映后者可能有“较年轻”的CO2的加入;(2)池水水化学和碳同位素变化由土地利用类型和池中水生植物共同控制;(3)池水中颗粒有机碳(POC)浓度明显高于泉水,且其Δ14C值表现出与沉水植物和DIC的一致性(表观年龄均为3 200900 a),说明池水POC主要源于池中水生植物光合作用利用了碳酸盐风化产生的老碳(DIC),使新形成的有机质在表观年龄上“偏老”;(4)池水水体内源有机碳对水体POC的贡献在75%以上,内源有机碳通量(以C计)在250 t·km-2·a-1至660 t·km-2·a-1之间,相对于其他土地利用类型,草地对应的地表水系统具有最大的内源有机碳占比和通量,指示了沉水植物控制型浅水水体初级生产对有机碳循环的重要作用。综上,我们认为在岩溶区通过土地利用调整来调控水生植物群落对于增加碳汇具有重要潜力。  相似文献   

18.
Earthworm calcite granules (ECG), generally produced in Morren's glands of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and Lumbricus rubellus, are commonly preserved in Quaternary soils and sediments well. These granules can not only provide radio-carbon dating (Carbon-14) with the efficacious materials, but accurately record a wealth of climatic and environmental information on temperature and precipitation. For instance, researchers from France reconstructed the paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation during the last glacial in west part of Europe by taking advantage of δ18O and δ13C signal contained in ECG. Additionally, scientists from Germany and France carried out radiocarbon dating of ECG from two different loess-paleosol sequences, and the results showed consistency with the dating results of other materials (such as charcoal, bone, plant calcified root cells, etc.). Therefore, this new bio-indicator has been confirmed as a proxy for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction, hopefully becoming the golden key to understanding the paleoclimate change. This paper, based on the previous literatures, reviewed the present research status of ECG in paleoclimatology, mainly consisting of five aspects: (i) ECGs' production mechanism and their characteristics; (ii) The theoretical foundation of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in terrestrial fossil earthworm calcite granules for paleoclimatic reconstruction; (iii) The pre-treatment of ECG samples; (iv) Current applications in chronology and paleoclimatology of earthworm calcite granules;(v) Major problems at present regarding paleoclimatic explanation and radiocarbon-14 dating of ECG. Finally, we proposed the future research and development direction in this field, which is expected to make a reference to the future researches.  相似文献   

19.
土壤碳动力学同位素示踪研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库。土壤碳动力学旨在研究土壤有机碳库的大小及更新速率。土壤有机碳库可分为 3个亚碳库:"活动"、"缓慢"和"稳定"碳库。碳同位素特别是 14 C可作为研究土壤碳动力学的理想示踪剂;δ 13 C值是定量研究C3和C4植被更替历史的有效手段; 14 C示踪及年代测定与 13 C信号联合使用,可以估算土壤碳库的大小和驻留时间。碳同位素示踪应用于土壤碳动力学研究取得了较大进展,但是由于缺乏可靠的全球数据库和标准方法来量化土壤有机碳库,导致对土壤各亚碳库的大小和更新速率以及土壤CO2的估算仍存在较大的不确定性,从而难以估计土壤碳库大小的变化对大气CO 2浓度和全球气候变化的潜在贡献。  相似文献   

20.
渐新世代表地球一个早期的“冰室”期,是地球气候演化和生物演替过程中一段特殊的时期。渐新世植物化石的碳同位素可为研究该时期的古气候提供依据。对广西渐新世宁明组三种植物及其最近现生亲缘种的碳同位素进行分析,化石种Buxus ningmingensis,Chuniophoenix slenderifolia和Cephalotaxus ningmingensis的碳同位素组成(δ13C)分别为-29.0‰,-28.3‰,-28.0‰;碳同位素分馏(Δ13C)分别为23.48‰,22.74‰,22.43‰;叶内细胞间和外界大气的CO2分压比(C植物/C空气)分别为0.84,0.81,0.80;水分利用效率(WUE)分别为42.63μmol CO2/mol H2O,51.56μmol CO2/mol H2O,55.38 μmol CO2/mol H2O。其对应的最近现生亲缘种(NLRs)的δ13C分别为-27.9‰,-29.7‰,-28.8‰;Δ13C分别为20.47‰,22.36‰,21.42‰;C植物/C空气分别为0.71,0.79,0.75;WUE分别为72.22 μmol CO2/mol H2O,51.28μmol CO2/mol H2O,61.76 μmol CO2/mol H2O。化石种δ13C值均落在现代C3植物相应的数值范围内,其Δ13C和C植物/C空气均高于相应的NLRs数值;而Buxus ningmingensis和Cephalotaxus ningmingensis的WUE低于相应的NLRs数值;其中Chuniophoenix slenderifolia的WUE稍高于相应的最近现生亲缘种C. hainanensis,推测可能与其NLR标本的母本植物生长在水源充足、空气潮湿的湖溪边湿地环境有关。基于Δ13C、C植物/C空气和WUE结果,推测化石种可能生活在一种比现在更为温暖湿润的气候环境中;化石种及同层位化石的古气候重建支持了当前古气候分析结果。  相似文献   

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