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1.
V. P. Afanasiev O. V. Snegirev N. S. Tychkov N. P. Pokhilenko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2013,448(1):103-105
The dissolution stability of garnets from kimberlite has been studied in new experiments in which etching in HF simulated natural chemical weathering. The experiments lasted 42 days and included weight loss monitoring and analysis of chemistry and parageneses of the output grains. The etched garnets of Cr2O3-rich parageneses became corroded less strongly. The greater chemical resistance of Cr-rich pyropes is consistent with the behavior of bulk Cr2O3 observed in a natural garnet assemblage from a weathered placer derived from the Mir kimberlite. Chemical weathering being the principal control of the assemblage composition, the placer assemblages with uncorroded pyropes may be compositionally proximal to their counterparts in the kimberlite. 相似文献
2.
A.P. Smelov A.P. Andreev Z.A. Altukhova S.A. Babushkina K.A. Bekrenev A.I. Zaitsev E.D. Izbekov O.V. Koroleva V.M. Mishnin A.V. Okrugin O.B. Oleinikov A.A. Surnin 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(1):121-126
This paper reports new petrographic and mineralogical data on the Manchary kimberlite pipe, which was discovered south of Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) in 2007–2008, 100 km. The pipe breaks through the Upper Cambrian carbonate deposits and is overlain by Jurassic terrigenous rock masses about 100 m thick. It is composed of greenish-gray kimberlite breccia with a serpentine-micaceous cement of massive structure. The porphyry texture of kimberlite is due to the presence of olivine, phlogopite, and picroilmenite phenocrysts. The SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of the groundmass are indicative of typical noncontaminated kimberlites. The groundmass has a significant content of ore minerals: Fe- and Cr-spinels, perovskite, magnetite, and, less commonly, magnesian Cr-magnetite. Pyropes occur in kimberlites as sharp-edged fragments and show uneven distribution. Chemically, they belong to lherzolite, wehrlite, or nondiamondiferous dunite–harzburgite parageneses. Garnets corresponding to lherzolites of anomalous composition make up 8%; this is close to the garnet content of Middle Paleozoic kimberlites from the Yakutian kimberlite province. The pyropes from the new pipe are compositionally similar to those from diamond-poor Middle Paleozoic kimberlites in the north of the Yakutian diamondiferous province. Chemically, pyropes from the Manchary pipe and those from the modern alluvium of the Kengkeme and Chakyya Rivers differ substantially. Consequently, the rocks of the pipe could not be a source of pyropes for this alluvium. They probably occured from other sources. This fact along with numerous “pipelike” geophysical anomalies, suggest the existence of a new kimberlite field in Central Yakutia. 相似文献
3.
The internal structure of placer gold depends on its residence time under exogenetic conditions. Two types of placer gold
are distinguished in the middle Lena River basin by typomorphic features. Gold of distal transfer (type I) is characterized
by recrystallized structure, deformation lines, and thick high-fineness rims indicating long-term residence under exogenetic
conditions; and multifold redeposition in transitional reservoir rocks. Gold of proximal transfer (type II) is characterized
by a vague zonal structure, thin or discontinuous high-fineness rims, granulation, and disintegration structures indicating
short-term residence time under the exogenetic conditions. Gold of proximal transfer is spatially confined to the zones of
ancient long-living faults. Thus, it is possible to suggest that this type of gold might have derived from local Middle Paleozoic
or Mesozoic gold sources. 相似文献
4.
It is possible that placer gold retains the trace element composition (`signature') of the parent lode. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) offers sensitive detection limits of 59 elements with sub-millimetre sample spot sizes, ideal for signature analysis of placer. Here, the optimum laser parameters, analytical precision and reproducibility of elemental signatures are determined in placer nuggets by infrared LA–ICP–MS. The highest precision was offered by Q-switched ablation at a relatively low energy level, using Au as an internal standard; these parameters gave median precision values of 33–82% RSD for trace elements in nuggets. In addition to major constituents such as Ag, Cu and Hg, placer from several rivers world-wide commonly contained a wide range of trace elements including, in some cases, unusual REE patterns. At least two distinct signatures could be distinguished in placer from most of the rivers examined, while multiple examples of certain signatures were also seen. Tracking these signatures back to their original tributaries may offer a means of identifying the number and approximate location of deposits within a river watershed, thereby significantly aiding exploration. 相似文献
5.
Iran is a mosaic of Ediacaran–Cambrian (Cadomian; 520–600 Ma) blocks, stitched together by Paleozoic and Mesozoic ophiolites. In this paper we summarize the Paleozoic ophiolites of Iran for the international geoscientific audience including field, chemical and geochronological data from the literature and our own unpublished data. We focus on the five best known examples of Middle to Late Paleozoic ophiolites which are remnants of Paleotethys, aligned in two main zones in northern Iran: Aghdarband, Mashhad and Rasht in the north and Jandagh–Anarak and Takab ophiolites to the south. Paleozoic ophiolites were emplaced when N-directed subduction resulted in collision of Gondwana fragment “Cimmeria” with Eurasia in Permo-Triassic time. Paleozoic ophiolites show both SSZ- and MORB-type mineralogical and geochemical signatures, perhaps reflecting formation in a marginal basin. Paleozoic ophiolites of Iran suggest a progression from oceanic crust formation above a subduction zone in Devonian time to accretionary convergence in Permian time. The Iranian Paleozoic ophiolites along with those of the Caucausus and Turkey in the west and Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Tibet to the east, define a series of diachronous subduction-related marginal basins active from at least Early Devonian to Late Permian time. 相似文献
6.
The geological–structural features and gold-potential perspective of the Tokur ore–placer cluster in the Amur Province have been studied. This ore–placer cluster is a syncline composed of Paleozoic blackshale sequence, which is cut through by Late Paleozoic and Late Mesozoic intrusions. A granitoid massif is suggested at the depth on the basis of geophysical data. The cluster is distinguished by high productivity. Approximately 37 t gold from ore deposits, primarily from the Tokur deposit, and 60 t from placers have been mined out. The Tokur deposit is compared with the Natalka and Degdekan deposits from the Yana–Kolyma Province. Perspectives of the cluster area for large gold–quartz deposits and technogenic gold placers have been estimated. 相似文献
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A.L. Ragozin D.A. Zedgenizov V.S. Shatsky K.E. Kuper 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(5):486-498
Mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite (Daldyn field, Yakutian diamondiferous province) are morphologicaly and structurally similar to dark gray mosaic diamonds of varieties V and VII found frequently in placers of the northeastern Siberian craton. However, although being similar in microstructure, the two groups of diamonds differ in formation mechanism: splitting of crystals in the case of placer diamonds (V and VII) and growth by geometric selection in the Zarnitsa kimberlite diamonds. Selective growth on originally polycrystalline substrates in the latter has produced radial micro structures with grains coarsening rimward from distinctly polycrystalline cores. Besides the formation mechanisms, diamonds of the two groups differ in origin of mineral inclusions, distribution of defects and nitrogen impurity, and carbon isotope composition. Unlike the placer diamonds of varieties V and VII, the analyzed crystals from the Zarnitsa kimberlite enclose peridotitic minerals (olivines and subcalcic Cr-bearing pyropes) and have total nitrogen contents common to natural kimberlitic diamonds (0 to 1761 ppm) and typical mantle carbon isotope compositions (-1.9 to -6.2%c 513C; -4.2%c on average). The distribution of defect centers in the Zarnitsa diamond samples fits the annealing model implying that nitrogen aggregation decreases from core to rim. 相似文献
9.
The formation of manganese rocks and ores occurred during the whole geological history of the Earth. Five metallogenic epochs
(Early to Middle Proterozoic, Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic) and 7 very important
phases (Early, Middle, and Late Proterozoic, Early to Middle Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic, Late Mesozoic, and Meso-Cenozoic)
can be distinguished. The phases of manganese ore genesis at many stratigraphic levels are closely related to the global climatic
and tectonic reconstructions (the breakup of the continent of Gondwana and periods of glaciations and aridization) and biotic
events (mass extinction of organisms). Based on carbon isotopic composition in manganese carbonates, participation of oxidized
organic carbon is established. 相似文献
10.
N. G. Patyk-Kara 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2002,37(5):429-441
Boundary conditions of the placer formation environment are discussed on the basis of a comprehensive study of approximately 40 placer-forming minerals and examination of the following features of minerals: stability under different conditions of migration and redeposition; capacity to be concentrated in a certain grain size class; and industrial requirement of the raw mineral quality. It is suggested that the migration capacity of placer-forming minerals is realized in a wide range of conditions. The work discusses specific features of the transformation of placer mineral assemblages during the scattering and relative concentration in local structural-sedimentation traps (denudation cycle) and the absolute concentration and development of new parageneses in terminal sedimentary basins. The role of structural-sedimentation traps in the formation of large and superlarge placers is demonstrated. It is shown that all types of continental lithogenesis are valid for placer formation, although each type can contribute some specific features to the placer-forming process. Five megaepochs of placer formation are identified in the Earth's history. The duration of Phanerozoic megaepochs, except the last (incomplete) one, is approximately 100 Ma. In terms of placer productivity during the Phanerozoic, the second half of the Paleozoic ranks below the Cenozoic megaepoch. 相似文献
11.
大兴安岭漠河砂金富集区岩金找矿思路 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
大兴安岭漠河地区砂金极为丰富,充分研究区内的地质构造特征、砂金分布和富集规律、区域剥蚀深度等,利用砂金信息寻找岩金是区内岩金找矿工作的有效手段之一.利用砂金矿只能寻找剥蚀残留的那一部分岩金矿.对物源区剥蚀程度和探矿构造分析研究,是在砂金富集区内圈定岩金找矿靶区的关键.溶蚀系数可指示砂金是近或远原生源金矿.Pb同位素可指示成矿母岩,利用矿石、岩浆岩、地层和基底铅同位素全方位对比来判别铅同位素的来源是一种近年来国际上认同的办法,砂矿评价中利用铅同位素寻找母岩已获得成功.本区砂金Pb同位素特征值与源区极为相似,可做为砂金富集区寻找岩金的指示元素.本文旨在论述砂金富集区内砂金与岩金空间位置关系、成因上的联系及岩金成矿特点,为下一步岩金找矿工作提供思路和方法. 相似文献
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文章通过对近年来有关吉尔吉斯中天山研究进展的梳理,结合在吉尔吉斯斯坦的实地考察,系统论述了中天山基础地质情况,并简述与岩浆活动有关的成矿作用。吉尔吉斯斯坦境内的天山由"尼古拉耶夫线"和阿特巴什—伊内尔切克断裂划分为北、中、南3部分。中天山两侧的缝合带限定了早古生代古吉尔吉斯洋和晚古生代南天山洋的发展和消亡过程。组成中天山的不同块体大多具有古元古界的基底,古生代总体处于大陆坡-边缘海沉积环境。晚古生代产出与俯冲相关的岩浆作用和后碰撞岩浆作用,前者与斑岩型铜矿、接触交代型铜-金矿相关,后者与造山型金矿相关。 相似文献
14.
Zhaochong Zhang Gang Zhou Timothy M. Kusky Shenghao Yan Bailin Chen Li Zhao 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):201
The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous. 相似文献
15.
S. V. Ruzhentsev O. R. Minina G. E. Nekrasov V. A. Aristov B. G. Golionko N. A. Doronina D. A. Lykhin 《Geotectonics》2012,46(2):87-110
New data on the stratigraphy, structure, isotopic age, geochemistry, and geodynamic characteristics of the lithotectonic complexes
of the Baikal-Vitim Fold System are reported. In particular, it is shown that Middle and Upper Paleozoic rocks are widespread
along with Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic sequences. The Baikal-Vitim Fold System is characterized by cyclic evolution and
comprises four structural stages: Baikalian (Riphean-Vendian), Caledonian (Cambrian-Early Silurian), Variscan (Late Silurian-Early
Carboniferous), and Hercynian (Middle Carboniferous-Permian). A specific set of lithotectonic complexes formed in certain
geodynamic settings corresponds to each stage. According to the proposed model, the Variscan and Hercynian complexes developed
under conditions of progressively changing geodynamic settings of passive (Late Silurian-Middle Devonian), Andean-type active
(Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous), and Californian-type (Middle Carboniferous-Permian) continental margins. The Middle
and Late Paleozoic evolution of the Baikal-Vitim Fold System is correlated with that of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Belt (Aga paleooceanic
basin). 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系砂岩储层普遍具有低长石、溶蚀孔隙发育的特点,通过大量岩石薄片鉴定、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、地层条件下高温高压真实砂岩岩芯的酸溶溶蚀实验等手段,结合鄂尔多斯盆地的构造、热演化史分析,研究了上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积消失事件的机理。认为早白垩世"热异常酸性流体酸洗地层事件"导致上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积溶蚀消失,形成广泛分布的次生溶蚀孔隙发育带,长石的分布与埋深无关,热演化程度的差异直接控制长石的消亡与否。据此,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系地层成岩演化及长石溶蚀消失次生溶孔发育模式。 相似文献
18.
董振信 《中国地球化学学报》1998,17(1):29-43
Based on the measurements of refractive index,specific gravity,unit cell parameter,and mineral chemistry and infrared absorption spectrum analyses of pyropes in kimberlites from China,systematic studies of the Physical properties and compositional variations of pyropes of different colors and diverse paragenetic types,within and between kimberlite provinces have been undertaken,The origin of pyropes in the Kimberlites and the depth of their formation have been discussed.Pyropes of the purple series are different from those of the orange series in physical and chemical properties,for exaple,pyropes of the puple series are higher in α0,RI,SG,Cr2O3,MgO,Cr/(Cr Al),Mg/(Mg Fe),and Mg/(Mg Ca),and lower in Al2O3,Fe2O3 FeO than those of the orange series.The classification of garnets in kimberlites from china by the Dawson and Stephens‘ method(1975) has been undertaken and clearly demonstrates that pyropes of diamond-rich kimberlites contain much more groups than those of diamond-poor,especially diamond-free kimberlites.The higher in α0,RI,SG,Cr2O(3.Cr/(Cr Al),knorringite and Cr-component the pyropes are ,the richer in diamond the kimberlites will be.The infrared absorption spectrum patterns of pyropes change with their chemical composition regularly,as reflected in the shape and position of infrared absorption peaks.Two absortpion bands at 862-901 cm^-1 will grade into degeneration from splitting and the absorption band positions of pyropes shift toward lower frequency with increasing Cr2O3 content and Cr/(Cr Al) ratio of pyropes,LREE contents of orange pyrope megacrysts are similar to those of porple pyrope macrocrysts,but the former is higher in HREE than the latter,showing their different chondrite-normalized patterns.The formation pressures of pyropes calculated by Cr-component,Ca-component,knorringite molecules of pyropes show that some pyropes of the purple series in diamondiferous kimberlites fall into the diamond stability field.but all pyropes of diamond-free kimberlites lie outside the diamond stability field.The megacrysts were formed through early crystallization of kimberlites magma at high pressure condition,the majority of the purple pyrope macrocrysts have been derived from disaggregated xenoliths but the minoirty of them appear to be fragments of the discrete megacryst pyropes,or phenocrysts. 相似文献
19.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):144-152
A Middle Paleozoic tectonothermal event in the eastern Siberian craton was especially active in the area of the Vilyui rift, where it produced a system of rift basins filled with Devonian–Early Carboniferous volcanics and sediments, as well as long swarms of mafic dikes on the rift shoulders. Basalts occur mostly among Middle Devonian sediments and are much less spread in Early Carboniferous formations. The dolerite dikes of the Vilyui–Markha swarm in the northwestern rift border coexist with the Mirnyi and Nakyn fields of diamond-bearing kimberlites. The voluminous dikes and sills intruded before the emplacement of kimberlites. The Mir kimberlite crosscuts a dolerite sill and a dike in the Mirnyi field, while a complex dolerite dike (monzonite porphyry) cuts through the Nyurba kimberlite in the Nakyn field. Thus, the kimberlites correspond to a longer span of Middle Paleozoic basaltic magmatism. The basalts in Middle Paleozoic sediments have faunal age constraints, but the age of dolerite dikes remains uncertain. The monzonite porphyry dike in the Nyurba kimberlite has been dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method, and the obtained age must be the upper bound of the dike emplacement. The space and time relations between basaltic and kimberlitic magmatism were controlled by Devonian plume–lithosphere interaction. 相似文献
20.
D. I. Rezvukhin V. G. Malkovets I. S. Sharygin D. V. Kuzmin A. A. Gibsher K. D. Litasov N. P. Pokhilenko N. V. Sobolev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,466(2):206-209
The results of study of crichtonite group minerals in pyropes from the Internatsionalnaya kimberlite pipe are reported. Most of the studied samples are characterized by high concentrations of Sr, Ca, Na, and LREEs in comparison with minerals of the LIMA series from kimberlites of South Africa, whereas the average concentrations of Ba and K are significantly lower. Crichtonite group minerals in pyropes are characterized by predomination of Na over K in most samples and by a high concentration of Al2O3 (up to 4.5 wt %). Findings of inclusions of crichtonite group minerals with high concentrations of incompatible elements provide evidence for the metasomatic origin of host chromium-rich pyropes. 相似文献