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1.
龙门山冲断带构造分带性是龙门山构造研究中的核心内容和关键科学问题.在野外实测地质大剖面以及路线地质调查的基础上,根据冲断带不同部位构造样式的不同,将龙门山冲断带北段前山带划分出3个构造亚带,即唐王寨-仰天窝飞来峰-滑覆体构造亚带、楼子坝-雁门坝-马角坝叠瓦冲断亚带、矿山梁-天井山-二廊庙冲断背斜亚带.各亚带具有不同构造变形特征:飞来峰-滑覆体构造亚带具有"推覆加滑覆"的构造叠加和演变特征;叠瓦冲断亚带中冲断构造十分发育,从北西至南东方向,不同系、同一系中不同组、同一组中不同段的地层依次由老向新逆冲,组成典型的叠瓦状构造样式,逆冲断裂向西呈铲式倾斜,并收敛于逆冲断裂系底板断层之上.构造岩片中褶皱构造十分发育,以断层传播褶皱为主,其轴迹走向和轴面产状与叠瓦冲断亚带中各条断层的总体产状几乎相同,均倒向前陆方向.冲断背斜亚带具有双重构造特点,在浅层表现为近直立的短轴背斜,构造样式以断层转折褶皱为主,深层由多个逆冲岩片叠置而成.下寺-金子山-厚坝山前带浅部层次中冲断稀少、规模较小、变形微弱,主要表现为向南东倾斜的单斜构造,深部层次发育有大型隐伏逆冲断裂.从前山带和山前带总体上具有变形强度向前陆方向有规律递减、卷入构造的地层逐渐变新、变形层次逐渐变浅的趋势,反映了冲断构造具有前展式特征.冲断构造是晚三叠世与新生代两期构造变形的产物:晚三叠世构造变形强烈,是龙门山前陆冲断带的主要形成期;新生代变形较弱,叠加和改造了晚三叠世的构造变形.  相似文献   

2.
龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育   总被引:57,自引:2,他引:55  
通过详细的野外地质调查和精细的地震剖面构造解析。揭示了龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的基本构造特征。对比分析了龙门山北段与南段构造变形几何学和运动学的差异。提出龙门山北段主要表现为一系列复杂的逆冲推覆构造,晚三叠纪变形强于新生代;龙门山南段则以基底卷入的叠瓦状冲断为特点,晚白垩纪-早第三纪变形尤为突出。与前陆褶皱冲断带相对应的是,川西晚三叠纪时期的周缘前陆盆地主要表现在整个龙门山褶皱冲断带的前渊地区;而晚白垩纪-早第三纪再生前陆盆地却局限在川西盆地的南部,并且印-藏碰撞的持续挤压作用使得晚新生代构造变形不断向东扩展进入川西盆地南部。  相似文献   

3.
龙门山褶皱冲断带南北分段性与汶川地震的关系   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
龙门山褶皱冲断带位于青藏高原东缘与四川盆地之间,中生代以来主要经历了晚三叠世和新生代两期重要的地壳缩短变形,形成了典型的逆冲推覆构造带.龙门山的形成和演化与青藏高原隆升以及地震活动有着密切的关系,因此龙门山褶皱冲断带南北两段的差异性被众多学者所关注.文章在前人工作的基础之上从3个角度来阐述龙门山南北两段的差异性:1)地质调查和地震反射剖面解释表明,晚三叠世龙门山北段变形强烈而南段变形不明显,南北分段格局就此形成;2)汶川地震同震地表破裂的差异,北段以右旋斜向逆冲为主,南段则主要以逆冲为主.兼有少量的走滑分量;3)同震断裂的三维构造建模揭示出,同震断层的三维几何形态同样存在南北差异,北段同震断层只有一条且不能向下延伸至深部的主滑脱层,而南段同震断层有两条分支,二者在大约10km的深度合并成一条,并向下延伸至约17km深度与主滑脱层相连.因此,认为汶川地震同震破裂的南北分段性是由于晚三叠世龙门山先存的南北构造差异性所引发的.  相似文献   

4.
中国西天山南缘盆山构造转换解析   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
李向东  王克卓 《新疆地质》2000,18(3):211-219
在西天山南缘,天山造山带向塔里木盆地北缘的盆山过渡,是以前陆褶皱冲断构造形式向库车一拜城前陆盆地渐变,表现为一系列褶皱冲断组合的构造样式。根据独库公路南段构造变形分析,可组合成6个部分:库尔干一铁力买提达坂根带褶皱系、南天山南缘逆冲断裂带、前陆逆冲推覆构造带、前陆双冲褶皱构造带、前陆隐伏逆冲前缘构造带、沙雅一轮台前缘叠加变形构造带。前陆盆地的发展可以划分为晚二叠一早三叠世、中三叠世一侏罗纪、白垩一  相似文献   

5.
龙门山冲断带北段前锋带新生代构造变形   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
陈竹新  李本亮  贾东  雷永良 《地质学报》2008,82(9):1178-1185
龙门山北段前锋构造的地震剖面解释和前缘盆地内沉积地层的磁组构研究表明前锋构造中发育两期构造挤压作用,即整体强烈的晚三叠世变形和由北向南逐渐减弱的弱新生代构造变形。受这两期构造挤压作用的控制,龙门山北段前锋构造中发育上、下两套构造层,地表构造为晚三叠世时期形成,而深部隐伏构造则形成于新生代。北部的矿山梁和天井山构造几何学上表现为一个双重构造,浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层是新生代形成的多个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜;南部的青林口和中坝构造主体表现为叠瓦状逆冲,前锋构造是断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱。新生代构造冲断位移量以及造成早期构造抬升由北向南逐渐减小,反映新生代变形强度由北向南的减弱。磁组构研究表明新生代变形从龙门山冲断带边缘到盆地内部,磁组构从铅笔状磁组构到初始变形磁组构并逐渐过渡到沉积磁组构。由南向北磁组构由初始变形磁组构转变为铅笔状磁组构,说明应变越来越强,从而进一步证明了龙门山前锋新生代构造的弱变形作用和变形强度的北强南弱分布特征。  相似文献   

6.
龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
矿山梁构造是龙门山冲断带北段典型的前锋构造之一,经历了晚三叠世和新生代两期构造挤压变形。矿山梁构造几何学上表现为一个双重构造:浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层则是在新生代形成的三个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜构造。深部构造的发育改造了上覆晚三叠世形成的浅层构造。矿山梁构造的有利勘探部位是深部的隐伏冲断构造,尤其是新生代构造变形中最早形成的构造岩片即岩片1,但该构造能否具有较好的油气潜力则取决于深部构造顶部滑脱层的封堵能力。分析认为新生代形成的隐伏冲断构造是龙门山冲断带前锋带中油气勘探的新领域。  相似文献   

7.
四川盆地周缘冲断带构造演化及变形差异性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
罗良  漆家福  张明正 《地质论评》2015,61(3):525-535
四川盆地西缘和北缘被前陆冲断带围限,各冲断带在构造演化和变形特征上具有明显的差异。龙门山前陆冲断带主要经历了两期明显的缩短变形:印支期和新生代,龙门山南段以新生代变形为主,以中—高角度基底卷入的叠瓦构造为特点,而北段以印支期变形为主,表现为低角度基底卷入的叠瓦构造。米仓山前陆冲断带主要经历了四期逆冲变形:印支期、中侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世—早白垩世及新生代,构造变形在平面上以叠加构造为特征,剖面上以中—下三叠统为界,滑脱层以下,基底卷入型冲断构造、反冲构造及断层相关褶皱较为发育,而在该滑脱层之上冲断构造和反冲构造不发育。大巴山前陆冲断带主要经历了三期逆冲变形:印支期、中侏罗世中—晚期及新生代,构造变形具有多层次滑脱的特点。由南西向北东,构造变形由以脆性为主逐渐转变为以韧性为主。  相似文献   

8.
秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱-冲断推覆构造的特征   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
董云鹏  查显峰  付明庆  张茜  杨钊  张燕 《地质通报》2008,27(9):1493-1508
秦岭造山带南缘的大巴山巨型逆冲推覆构造主要是在秦岭造山带板块俯冲碰撞造山与中、新生代以来陆内造山过程中长期复合作用形成的。详细的室内外构造研究表明,巴山逆冲推覆构造可以巴山弧形断裂带为界划分为北大巴山逆冲推覆构造和南大巴山逆冲推覆构造。北大巴山自北而南依次由安康-武当推覆体、紫阳-平利推覆体、高桥-镇坪推覆体和高滩推覆体逆冲叠置而成。南大巴山则以镇巴-阳日断裂为界,分为北部的前陆冲断褶皱带和南部的前陆褶皱带。北大巴山主要是印支期碰撞造山作用和燕山期陆内逆冲推覆作用叠加改造的结果,南大巴山则主要是燕山期递进变形过程中的产物。构造变形北强南弱,北以冲断褶皱变形为特征,南以皱褶作用为主;北部褶皱紧闭复杂,向南渐变为宽缓的薄皮构造。逆冲作用在时序上具有由北向南扩展传递的特点。  相似文献   

9.
川西龙门山前陆盆地构造沉降初步分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
研究表明,龙门山冲断带是川西前陆盆地的主要物源区,它的逆冲推覆活动直接控制着川西前陆盆地的沉积类型和沉积物供给量,晚三叠世诺利期,瑞替期和晚侏罗世早中期是川西前陆盆地构造沉降速率较高时期,反映龙门山冲断带在这些时期的逆冲推覆速率较大,是逆冲推覆作用构造抬升的强烈时期;而早侏罗世是该地区构造沉降时,估算龙门山逆冲推覆体在各个不同时期的抬升高度和抬升速率。  相似文献   

10.
大巴山构造带是秦岭造山带南部发育的一个以逆冲推覆构造为特征的构造带。通过在大巴山弧形构造带中段渔渡地区进行的详细构造解析发现,大巴山构造带在侏罗纪以来经历了至少两期变形叠加,变形地层三叠系嘉陵江组—侏罗系沙溪庙组。早期变形以与滑脱构造相关的轴向北西—北北西向箱状或隔挡状褶皱为主,并在深部发育顺层滑脱构造,变形时代为晚侏罗世到早白垩世。晚期变形与北侧逆冲相关,导致右行走滑变形,主要形成右行走滑断层和北西—北北西向紧闭褶皱,变形时代比第一期稍晚,为晚侏罗世之后到早白垩世。两期变形形成的褶皱延伸方向一致,与区域构造线的方向协调,而且在远离北侧镇巴断裂的地区变形强度有减弱的趋势,两期变形叠加形成共轴或斜交叠加构造。研究表明,变形与大巴山冲断—推覆构造带向南逆冲有关。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

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