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铜陵市朝山地区岩溶塌陷形成条件与地面稳定性评价分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜陵市朝山地区岩溶塌陷灾害是安徽省大型地质灾害隐患点。从该区基岩岩性、覆盖层特征、水文地质条件和人为影响等方面入手,利用钻探和地下水长期观测等技术手段,通过岩溶塌陷的影响因素分析,查明了研究区岩溶塌陷形成条件,评价了地面稳定性。得到主要结论如下:区内岩溶塌陷的分布受断裂控制,90%以上的塌坑位于距断裂20 m区域内;区内岩溶塌陷的发生与基岩岩性密切相关,CaO含量高有利于塌陷的发生;区内塌陷多发生于多元或二元结构地层区域;矿山排水是区内岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素。最后在查明区内岩溶塌陷形成条件的基础上,采用经验指标法对朝山地区地面稳定性进行评价分析,确定研究区为易塌陷区,须重点监测与防治。 相似文献
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广州市白云区夏茅村岩溶塌陷地质灾害严重,塌陷区内地质环境条件极其复杂,隐伏灰岩岩溶土洞发育强烈,溶洞、土洞规模较大,且发育多层溶洞,溶洞间相互连通,岩溶塌陷区基岩面起伏较大,高程变化剧烈,第四系覆盖层厚度较大,底部粉质黏土层土洞发育,土体中规模巨大的土洞是产生岩溶地面塌陷的基础条件。基岩断裂构造带及其影响带范围内,岩石破碎,形成导水断层,存在地下水迳流通道,沿断裂带地下水循环活跃,溶蚀强烈,形成岩溶强发育带,为岩溶塌陷的发生提供了良好的动力条件。区内楼房基础施工扰动了地下水和土洞间的平衡状态从而成为了地面塌陷发生的诱发因素。运用7项地质环境条件指标和5项经济人口指标分别定性评估岩溶地面塌陷的易发度和易损度,并将二者叠加进行地质灾害风险评估。研究结果表明,夏茅村潜在地质灾害风险大,只有严格控制地下水动力条件,才能避免再次发生岩溶地面塌陷。 相似文献
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广州市白云区岩溶塌陷风险初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
识别出广州白云区岩溶塌陷风险因素,构建岩溶塌陷层次递阶结构模型,运用层次分析法的相关原理计算出基本风险因素对岩溶塌陷风险事件的影响权重。定义极易塌陷区Ⅰ、易塌陷区Ⅱ、次易塌陷区Ⅲ、不易塌陷区Ⅳ和稳定区Ⅴ共5个岩溶塌陷等级分区,建立各基本风险因素5个等级与岩溶塌陷等级分区的对应关系。为实现岩溶塌陷风险的定量评价,定义单因素致塌概率pi,引入伯努利试验建立岩溶塌陷概率计算模型,选取覆盖层厚度、岩溶发育程度、地下水位埋深、基岩岩性、覆盖层结构与底板岩性、地下水开采强度、地下活动强度和地表施工加载与振动等8个基本风险因素参与评价单元塌陷概率计算,并据此确定岩溶塌陷风险等级狭义标准,为区域岩溶塌陷等级分区的划分提供参考依据。岩溶塌陷风险等级分区表明：极易塌陷区集中在分析区内的江村、古楼岗、泉溪、西湖、社岗一带;易塌陷区和次易塌陷区主要分布在江高镇和原石井镇等地带。风险等级分区与白云区已有岩溶塌陷历史统计资料及塌陷危害程度评价结果较为吻合,从而验证了评价方法的有效性。 相似文献
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广州岩溶塌陷形成条件及主要影响因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
广州市岩溶塌陷主要分布在广州西北的广花盆地内,根据大量勘查资料分析,得出岩溶塌陷形成条件及其主要影响因素是复杂和多方面的,如覆盖层岩土性状与厚度、岩溶发育程度、气候条件、地下水与人类工程活动等.覆盖层土体结构越疏松、级配越好、强度越低、厚度越小,岩溶越发育,越容易产生土洞和塌陷;降水季节和持续性的强降雨天气或久旱后的暴雨,板易导致地面塌陷;地下水活动则促使或加速土洞及岩溶塌陷的形成;工程钻探、地下水的抽取、地下采矿及地下工程施工等人类工程活动对岩溶塌陷也有重要影响,常作为诱发动力,通过改变基本条件而加速岩溶塌陷的形成. 相似文献
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福建省岩溶塌陷地质灾害发育,其发育程度仅次于滑坡、崩塌地质灾害。为研究岩溶塌陷的演化过程,本文以福建省典型覆盖型岩溶塌陷为研究对象,现场采取了覆盖层土样,在自制的物理模型箱中布设光纤光栅应变传感器、孔隙水压力计、沉降计等监测仪器获取不同条件下覆盖层土体的应力-应变信息,分析了覆盖层土体的响应情况,研究了典型覆盖层岩溶塌陷的发展演化过程。研究结果表明：(1)第四系覆盖层孔隙水位升降作用下,土层的孔隙水压力值基本呈等幅变化,底层土体变形最弱,顶层土体变形最大,两者的应变差值最大可达5倍。水位升降对土洞周围土体的破坏较小,土洞尚未形成。(2)岩溶水水位反复升降的过程中,孔隙水压力的增减与渗流水位变化同步;同一水平面上越靠近溶洞的土体产生的应变越大,且土层越高,应变差值越大,顶层土体应变差值达2000με。土洞顶板变形在水动力作用与真空吸蚀作用下不断向上发展,当变形发展超过临界土洞高度40 cm时,形成地面塌陷。(3)典型覆盖型岩溶塌陷演化过程可划分为土洞发育-覆盖层内部塌陷-地表塌陷3个不同阶段。(4)闽西南岩溶土洞塌陷大多发生于山间盆地河谷两侧地下水强径流排泄区,覆盖层厚度较大,多为第四系... 相似文献
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铜陵地区岩溶塌陷十分发育,先后有31处被列为岩溶塌陷地质灾害点,区内地质构造发育,对岩溶塌陷控制作用明显。文章在研究区域地质构造的基础上,对岩溶塌陷在地质构造上的分布形态及发育规律进行研究,重点探讨区内地质构造对岩溶发育的影响,研究可知:铜陵地区地质构造发育,主要为断裂和褶皱构造,其中北东、北北东向S型褶皱群对岩溶塌陷有明显控制作用。背(向)褶皱轴部由于拉张裂隙和张性断裂影响,岩体破碎,有利于地下水的溶蚀,岩溶作用较两翼更强烈,另一方面区内地貌格局背斜成山,向斜成谷,向斜地势较背斜低洼且开阔,地下水活动强烈,其塌陷分布较背斜密集;而断裂对塌陷的影响主要体现在对岩溶各种形态和发展的控制,尤其以北西、北东向张性或张扭性断裂带两侧岩溶塌陷最为发育。研究结果对城市规划、地质灾害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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研究区内已发岩溶地面塌陷灾害严重，地质环境条件极其复杂，第四系覆盖土层厚度大，底部粉质黏土层土洞发育、隐伏基岩为壶天群灰岩，溶洞及断层破碎带发育，单个溶洞、土洞规模较大，溶洞与溶洞、土洞与溶洞之间连通性能较好。岩溶地面塌陷是以覆盖层粉质黏土层或砂类土层的扰动和土洞的形成为起点的，根据勘查区上覆盖层二元结构的特征，区内地面塌陷及土洞的发育过程可分为"下黏上砂"二元结构塌陷模式和"下黏上砂、软土"多元结构塌陷模式，塌陷区的岩溶塌陷致塌机制主要为机械贯穿作用，塌陷发育大约经历了四个阶段，建议今后不宜在勘查区及其周边一定范围进行地下工程建设活动及抽、排岩溶地下水行为，避免地下水动力条件发生改变，再次发生岩溶地面塌陷。 相似文献
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通过岩溶工程地质剖面和地质钻孔资料对岩溶发育特征与强度、第四系覆盖层厚度及物质组成、地下水动力条件等进行分析;并以此为基础,根据莲花县城区岩溶塌陷形成特点,结合岩溶塌陷点发生时的降雨量和地下水位变化记录等资料进行综合研究。结果表明:莲花县城区岩溶塌陷主要以水流潜蚀、高压气蚀、负压吸蚀、下渗旋吸、土体软化、重力加载等破坏作用叠加效应形成的土洞型塌陷为主;地下水位循环交替是引发岩溶塌陷的主要原因,而降雨强弱又直接影响着地下水动态变化;地下水循环交替不同阶段表现出对盖层的各类破坏作用的特征不同,一般在经多期次地下水循环交替过程后形成地面塌陷;部分地面塌陷因农田囤水、地面加载或振动而诱发。该文研究成果可为莲花县岩溶塌陷预警预报及防治提供科学依据,其他南方岩溶发育相近地区具有参考意义。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献