共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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分子生物学技术是地下水污染研究的前沿技术,常用于场地尺度,区域尺度罕见。以太行山前平原滹沱河流域的典型浅层地下水为研究对象,沿河布点采样67组,采用高通量测序技术,测定样品16S rDNA基因序列,以化学需氧量、硝酸盐、溶解性总固体为环境因子,分析与污染相关的微生物种群结构响应及功能性指示菌属。结果显示:采用累积概率分布法将样品分为背景(B)、硝酸盐污染(N)、有机污染(Y)3组,该分类阈值与地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类水阈值可较好对应;微生物群落丰富度为B组N组Y组,有机污染使微生物种群趋于单一,且与背景差异更大。有机污染功能性指示菌属为Acinetobacter,硝酸盐污染为Nitrospira。以上形成的分子生物学响应特征研究方法可为区域调查及修复提供技术方法理论依据。 相似文献
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地下水污染场地污染的控制与修复 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
赵勇胜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(2):303-310
我国存在大量的地下水污染场地,给地下水资源的使用带来了严重威胁。将地下水污染场地划分为4大类,15个亚类,为制定不同地下水污染场地的管理、控制和修复规定提供了依据;对地下水污染防治规划的内容和方法技术进行了论述。提出了建立地下水污染的预警系统,为污染的预防奠定基础;介绍了地下水污染的控制与修复技术,并对地下水污染防控和治理的基本原则进行了探讨。 相似文献
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在区域地下水调查的基础上,以某制革污染场地为研究对象,采集场地及其周围地下水样,对地下水中无机组分检出值进行了统计分析,识别了各组分的平面分布特征,最后对地下水盐污染机理以及各组分之间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明,制革厂废水排放、废弃物堆放已对地下水造成盐污染,主要污染组分为总硬度、溶解性总固体、Cl-和SO2-4;受污染的地下水环境以微酸性和还原性为特征;沿地下水流向,地下水中总硬度、溶解性总固体、Cl-、SO2-4、三氮由制革区向下游逐渐减小,基本上呈现出以皮革厂为中心的污染区,污染范围大概为0.20km2;制革污染场地地下水中硬度的升高,同时伴随着溶解性总固体、Cl-、SO2-4浓度升高,各组分之间具有明显的相关性,其主要原因是皮革区地表水污水和固体废物淋滤液入渗过程中经历阳离子交换、钙镁易溶盐溶解及难溶盐溶解等作用,导致地下水中Ca2+、Mg2+Cl-和SO2-4含量增加,最终溶解性总固体也升高;铵氮在含水介质中的迁移转化也是地下水硬度升高的一个重要因素。地下水三氮之间转化主要的途径是硝化作用,与地下水的氧化还原条件有关,氧化性相对较强的地下水中NO3-N含量高,而NH3-N和NO2-N含量相对较低。 相似文献
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某石化污染场地含水层自然降解BTEX能力评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水污染问题是国家关注的重要环境问题之一,监测与评估含水层自然降解污染物能力是防治地下水污染的基本手段,也是国外地下水中修复技术研究热点课题。以华北平原某石油化工类场地为案例,通过调查场地水文地质条件、土壤及地下水污染现状,监测场地地下水中苯系物(BTEX)浓度及相关化学参数变化,运用微生物水文地球化学方法和水文地质方法,估算了该场地含水层自然降解苯系物量。这一研究成果为评估我国石油类场地地下水污染的自然修复能力提供了实证和基础数据。 相似文献
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通过分析、对比发达国家场地污染调查与风险评价技术流程的大量信息,结合工作实践,充分考虑我国的实际情况,视土壤和地下水为相互联系的一个整体,提出了我国现阶段场地尺度土壤和地下水污染调查与风险评价的技术程序和工作内容。 相似文献
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城市土壤是城市生态环境系统的有机组成部分,影响到城市生态环境质量和人体健康。随着城市快速发展,造成城市土壤污染、侵蚀、酸化和硬化以及土壤生物和植被退化等一系列较为严重的城市环境问题。本文通过对广州某商业地块污染场地土壤、地下水的调查和采样分析测试,查明污染场地主要污染物类型和特性及起火原因,对其进行综合环境质量评价,为污染场地适宜性风险评估及污染场地治理修复提供科学依据。调查结果表明,研究区土壤和水中的部分指标含量较高,环境质量受到影响。针对主要污染物磷的特性,建议采用化学修复方案措施与对策,使污染场地达到无害化处理目的,为政府相关部门决策提供参考依据。 相似文献
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在对某石油污染场地地质、水文地质条件、污染源污染方式调查基础上,根据地下水样测试结果,分析了地下水石油烃污染分布特征、污染晕中指示生物降解作用的电子受体、代谢产物以及重要地球化学参数的变化规律,通过计算矿物饱和指数和采用含水层介质X射线矿物衍射方法研究了污染晕中矿物沉淀反应,计算了含水层的氧化容量。结果表明：由于SO42-背景浓度值较高,硫酸盐还原是污染场地地下水石油烃生物降解的优势反应;菱铁矿、黄铁矿和FeS的沉淀反应是HS-、Fe2＋浓度异常的原因;SO42-的氧化容量在含水层中的氧化容量（OXC）所占比例最大,可进一步推断硫酸盐还原反应是引起污染场地地下水石油烃生物降解的优势反应。 相似文献
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以冀中平原某石油类污染场地为例,从污染源分布勘察、场地水文地质模型建立、土壤及地下水的现场调查入手,采用物探、坑探、钻探综合调查技术和定深取样等一些取样方法,对不同深度土壤及地下水的有机污染进行调查和样品分析。结果表明:整个场地的土壤和地下水受到不同程度的污染,30m深度内包气带和饱水带已被污染,50m深度的地下水中有有机污染物检出,石油类场地的污染特征主要表现为土壤及其地下水中含有高浓度单环芳烃和卤代烃。且单环芳烃在土壤与地下水中的浓度高于其它有机污染物。 相似文献
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为查明场地污染分布特征,需对场地土壤和地下水进行钻探取样,按规范的检测指标进行逐一测试。在初查和详查阶段将获得大量的土壤和地下水污染数据,数据样本数量大、监测指标多,数据结构复杂,如何从场地大数据中提取价值信息已成为研究热点。以某有机污染场地为例,基于自组织映射神经网络（SOM）和K均值算法开展大数据分析,深入探讨地下水和土壤中各污染指标间的相关性。结果表明:（1）基于自组织映射神经网络的大数据分析可快速挖掘复杂多维的污染场地监测数据,有效完成关键信息的提取;（2）地下水中污染检出指标存在显著的聚类特征,同一聚类中的污染指标具备相似的空间分布特征。对场地污染物检测采取先分类后分级的优化筛选策略,减少污染物检测指标数目,从而有效降低场地检测费用;（3）土壤和地下水中污染检出指标存在良好的空间相关性,这与该污染场地地下水渗流速度缓慢有关。土壤和地下水污染检出指标空间分布的相关性,有助于场地污染源的追溯。 相似文献
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Waste production in cities is increasing with growing urbanization in China. As the incorrect disposal of waste can lead to environmental problems and pollution of groundwater, it is important to asses the suitability of sites for waste disposal. In this paper, 831 waste disposal sites in 295 cities in China were investigated, and suitability assessments of 508 sites were made. The results showed that the number of “suitable”, “moderately suitable”, “barely suitable” and “unsuitable” waste disposal sites accounted for 17.7%, 29.5%, 14.2% and 38.6% of the sites investigated, respectively. The pollution condition of 465 sites was examined, and the results indicated that groundwater in 282 sites was contaminated. Groundwater samples from two polluted sites were collected and analyzed to inform a proposal on urban waste disposal. 相似文献
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In the northwestern area of Basel, Switzerland, a tunnel highway connects the French highway A35 (Mulhouse–Basel) with the Swiss A2 (Basel–Gotthard–Milano). The subsurface highway construction was associated with significant impacts on the urban groundwater system. Parts of this area were formerly contaminated by industrial wastes, and groundwater resources are extensively used by industry. During some construction phases, considerable groundwater drawdown was necessary, leading to major changes in the groundwater flow regime. Sufficient groundwater supply for industrial users and possible groundwater pollution due to interactions with contaminated areas had to be taken into account. A groundwater management system is presented, comprising extensive groundwater monitoring, high-resolution numerical groundwater modeling, and the development and evaluation of different scenarios. This integrated approach facilitated the evaluation of the sum of impacts, and their interaction in time and space with changing hydrological boundary conditions. For all project phases, changes of the groundwater system had to be evaluated in terms of the various goals and requirements. Although the results of this study are case-specific, the overall conceptual approach and methodologies applied may be directly transferred to other urban areas. 相似文献
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As nitrate pollution in groundwater has become increasingly serious in recent years, nitrogen isotope was adopted in this paper to define its sources in a typical agricultural area of Dong'e hydrogeological unit. The results show that: Higher content of NO_3~- detected in shallow groundwater is 27.77 mg/L on average and δ15 N content ranges from 7.8‰ to 12 ‰, indicating that shallow groundwater is mainly contaminated by sewage or feces. In contrast, less NO_3~- in deep groundwater(karst water) has an average value of 12.81 mg/L and δ15 N content is between 7.2‰ and 14.3‰, which is closely related to human disturbance as mentioned above. In addition, considering relatively low groundwater quality at some monitoring sites, reasonable fertilization is a better choice in the study area to reduce nitrate source in groundwater. 相似文献
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As nitrate pollution in groundwater has become increasingly serious in recent years, nitrogen isotope was adopted in this paper to define its sources in a typical agricultural area of Dong’e hydrogeological unit. The results show that: Higher content of NO3- detected in shallow groundwater is 27.77 mg/L on average and δ15N content ranges from 7.8‰ to 12 ‰, indicating that shallow groundwater is mainly contaminated by sewage or feces. In contrast, less NO3- in deep groundwater (karst water) has an average value of 12.81 mg/L and δ15N content is between 7.2‰ and 14.3‰, which is closely related to human disturbance as mentioned above. In addition, considering relatively low groundwater quality at some monitoring sites, reasonable fertilization is a better choice in the study area to reduce nitrate source in groundwater. 相似文献
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Protection of groundwater already is and will also be in the future, a particularly important environmental, socio-economic, social welfare and political task. The fact that the costs of preventive measures are 10–20 times lower than the funds needed to clean up and revitalize polluted aquifers, as well as the fact that the area to be occupied with transport communications and other infrastructure facilities will aggravate protection, both call for an urgent introduction of modern methods of monitoring and preserving all the existing and potential groundwater resources. The basic principle of groundwater protection against pollution means constant control and preventive measures of protection, namely prevention of incidental and other kinds of pollution. The very construction of communications and all accompanying facilities changes and degrades the existent natural geological environment, and when in use they may become structures in whose immediate surrounds surface and ground waters may be polluted by the toxic and waste substances transported. The experience gained through the following activities: the ‘pilot model’ for groundwater monitoring in the zone of Makis, the investigations and monitoring of critical sites polluted with xylene (CIP, Belgrade, 1994/95), and information on the latest achievements in this field in the world (obtained while working on the study of methodology of hydrogeological investigations needed for groundwater quality monitoring system — Jaroslav Cerni Institute for the Development of Water Resources, Belgrade, 1998), stresses a necessity to obligatory design and construct operational systems for groundwater quality monitoring, particularly in the zones of infrastructure facilities (roads, railway, gas pipelines, oil pipelines), which can be considered as potential linear polluters. In that light, this paper is a contribution to developing hydrogeological investigation methodology for designing and operating a monitoring system in the zones of roads, and its legal and practical incorporation in the technical documents of each project. Besides, an emphasis is put on multidisciplinary approach to system implementation, its full automation, rational management, and effective and optimal measures for groundwater protection. 相似文献
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Groundwater pollution due to a tailings dam 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
In 1982, the Oman Mining Company (OMC) commenced copper mining and smelting operations in the area of Sohar (Wadi Suq), Sultanate of Oman. Seawater was used for mining operations until 1993. During this period, 11 million tonnes of tailings had been deposited behind an unlined tailings dam. This has resulted in a major groundwater pollution problem.
This paper presents results from investigation of groundwater pollution. Data pertaining to various parameters such as pH and TDS were obtained from the OMC. Most of the data were for a period of 12 years since 1984 and were gathered from an extensive network of field monitoring wells covering a distance of 14 km downstream of the tailings dam. The trends of groundwater pollution are presented with explanation. The issue of the existing remedial measures (cut-off trench for containment of the pollution source) is addressed briefly. 相似文献