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1.
新疆阿勒泰南缘地壳结构与构造演化及其对金成矿的制约 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
1阿勒泰地区地壳结构及地壳演化。根据地层-岩石组合、区域不整合面特征、构造变形层次、岩浆及火山活动,将阿勒泰地区的地壳分为三大单元：前寒武纪基底构造层(包括早中元古代变质基底及震旦纪褶皱基底)、奥陶纪至早石炭世上叠盆地构造层、中石炭世以来前陆盆地、山间盆地及再生前陆构造层。 相似文献
2.
民乐盆地位于甘肃河西走廓的中部,是北祁连地槽褶皱系山前的一个断陷盆地。该盆地西以榆木山为界,南靠北祁连山,北连龙首山,东部则以山丹以西沿大马营河至西大河水库西侧一线为界。盆地基底主要由两个构造层组成,下古生代加里东构造层,由奥陶、志留变质岩系构成了盆地的广泛基底;上古生代海西构造层,由石炭、二叠系及中生代的三叠系组成,分布在盆地的隆起带和单斜带。中生代以来,伴随区域性北西向断裂活动,持续接受沉 相似文献
3.
浙皖赣相邻区加里东期构造变形特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
浙皖赣相邻区在加里东时期受到华南加里东构造事件的影响,前震旦纪基底及早古生代早期盖层强烈隆升并褶皱变形,皖浙赣邻接部位早-中石炭世地层直接覆盖在中元古代浅变质岩系之上,东端清凉峰一带的中石炭统覆盖在上寒武统之上,但尚未见到有加里东期岩浆活动的证据.同时,古陆南侧及东侧震旦纪-早志留世盖层向南(东)滑脱,接触带附近与基底一并形成倒转产状及倒转褶皱;北侧向北滑脱形成滑覆褶皱及临溪盆地、兰田残留向斜盆地.印支、燕山事件对加里东构造形迹产生了不可忽略的改造,最终形成了基本延续至今的构造格局. 相似文献
4.
闽北前加里东期变质基底的多期变形和构造层次研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
闽北前加里东期变质基底大致可以划分为三个构造层:下构造层下亚构造层的麻源群(古元古代)、下构造层上亚构造层马面山群(中元古代)和中构造层长汀浅变质岩系(新元古代—早古生代)。麻源群存在四个世代的变形,前两个世代以深构造层次共轴叠加的平卧褶皱为特征,后两个世代则发育浅构造层次的斜歪褶皱和膝折带构造。马面山群发育三个世代的构造变形,自早而晚分别为:深构造层次平卧褶皱、浅构造层次的紧闭相似褶皱及膝折带构造。长汀浅变质岩系除局部地段可能存在紧闭褶皱外,以膝折带构造及宽缓褶皱变形为主。 相似文献
5.
本文依据各类岩石的地球物理性质及地球物理场的特征．对福建省重磁场进行分区．并着重讨论重磁异常的地质意义。结合深部地球物理探测资料及地质构造背景，认为福建火山基底构造格局具有“东西分带．南北分块”的特征：以福鼎—莆田—诏安断裂构造带为界，分为东西两带。以建宁—莆田断裂构造带为界．分为南北两大块。中生代火山岩的基底主要为加里东褶皱系，其上还有华力西—印支期沉积盖层；福安—平和火山喷发带两侧基底保留较完整。火山岩厚度一般小于3000m。火山活动与热流上涌、地壳拉伸减薄、上地幔及下地壳物质熔融并沿块体边界向浅部上移有关。 相似文献
6.
武夷山西麓宁都地区广泛分布一套成层有序的晚元古代浅变质岩系,长期以来被视为单斜构造。本文阐述了研究区基底褶皱的窨配置及褶皱式样,阐明了研究区的各紧密线状复式褶皱隶属区域大型复背斜的北翼,同时地基底褶皱的形成机制与后期改造作了地一步分析和探讨。 相似文献
7.
地壳浅层次褶皱冲断带普遍受控于具耦合互馈特性的多种机制或边界条件,从而具有长期的构造演化过程和复杂的构造特征。自19世纪初以来,基于地质构造过程自相似性和"无理有效性"的砂箱物理模型,为解译褶皱冲断带的演化过程及其动力学机制等提供了独立有效的手段。本文主要基于国内外地壳浅表褶皱冲断带构造变形过程为研究对象的构造砂箱物理模型研究结果与进展进行综述性报道,以期为同行提供参考与借鉴。基于与地壳浅表地层具相似流变学特性的砂箱物理模拟研究,揭示出地壳浅层次构造变形过程普遍自相似性生长过程,符合库伦临界楔理论。褶皱冲断带挤压变形过程中,基底特性(基底几何学、有效摩擦角、基底耦合性和流体超压)、变形物质特性(空间几何学、能干层、流变学和非均一性)、动力学机制(砂箱几何边界、汇聚速率和汇聚方向)、浅表作用(剥蚀和沉降)等对于地壳浅表构造变形过程具有明显的控制作用。构造砂箱物理模型在解译不同构造变形过程与机制的研究中发挥着越来越突出的作用。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原羌塘盆地基底结构与南北向变化——基于一条270km反射地震剖面的认识 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过收集并重新处理已有的反射地震剖面,获得了一条南北向横贯羌塘盆地主体的270km长反射地震剖面.剖面显示;羌塘盆地可能具有元古代的基底并且南羌塘盆地较北羌塘盆地深.在南、北羌塘地壳浅部(约0～3s)变形差异较大,北羌塘褶皱变形强烈,呈现出隆凹变形相间的格局,南羌塘则相对较平缓.羌塘中央隆起之下为连贯的弧形反射,其北侧发育一个深度达8km的半地堑构造,规模较大,可为油气资源储存提供有利空间. 相似文献
9.
青藏高原东北缘岩石圈密度与磁化强度及动力学含义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用横贯柴达木盆地南北的格尔木—花海子剖面岩石圈二维P波速度结构以及地震波速度与介质密度之间的关系,建立了该剖面岩石圈二维密度结构与二维磁化强度的初始模型。依据重磁同源原理,在柴达木盆地重、磁异常的二重约束下完成了重磁联合反演,获得了该剖面岩石圈二维密度结构与二维磁化强度分布。结果表明:柴达木盆地地壳厚度沿测线变化较大,平均厚度约60km。在柴达木盆地南缘地壳厚约50km,达布逊湖附近地壳最厚为63km左右,大柴旦附近地壳较薄,为50km左右。柴达木盆地的地壳纵向上可分为三层,即上地壳、中地壳与下地壳。位于盆地中部的中、下地壳分别发育大范围的壳内低密度体,并处于上地幔隆起的背景之上;横向上可将盆地分成南北两个部分,分界在达布逊湖附近。整个剖面结晶基底埋深变化也很大,在达布逊湖附近为12km,在昆仑山北缘基底几乎出露地表。结晶基底的展布形态与地壳底界,即莫霍面呈近似镜像对称。综合研究认为,柴达木盆地的岩石圈结构存在着明显的南北差异,其分界在达布逊湖的北面。在盆地南部,岩石圈介质横向变化较小,各层介质分布正常;在盆地的北侧,岩石圈结构特别在中、下地壳和上地幔顶部横向上发生了变化。壳内低密度体的存在意味着柴达木盆地具有较热的岩石圈和上地幔,加之基底界面与莫霍面的镜像对称分布,形成与准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地的构造差异。多种地球物理参数所揭示的地壳上地幔结构及其横向变化特点为柴达木盆地构造演化及青藏高原北部边界的地球动力学研究提供了岩石圈尺度的地球物理证据。 相似文献
10.
庐江-枞阳矿集区深部结构与成矿 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江?枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构, 探讨成矿深部控制条件, 作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(记录30 s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面, 揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构, 同时开展区域构造测量和应力场反演研究, 获得了新的认识。证实“耳状”的庐?枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东发育的非对称火山盆地, 排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂, 倾向南东, 是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道;鉴别出多层界面, 火山岩?侏罗系砂岩厚约4?5 km(其中火山岩厚度约3 km), 三叠系?震旦系变形层底界深度大致18?20 km, 变质基底组成中下地壳, MOHO平缓向西北倾, 深度33?31 km;追踪郯?庐断裂带的深部产状, 陡立延伸到MOHO, 宽约10 km。 相似文献
11.
12.
T. Janik J. Yliniemi M. Grad H. Thybo T. Tiira POLONAISE P Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2002,360(1-4):129-152
The POLONAISE'97 (POlish Lithospheric ONset—An International Seismic Experiment, 1997) seismic experiment in Poland targeted the deep structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) and the complex series of upper crustal features around the Polish Basin. One of the seismic profiles was the 300-km-long profile P2 in northwestern Poland across the TESZ. Results of 2D modelling show that the crustal thickness varies considerably along the profile: 29 km below the Palaeozoic Platform; 35–47 km at the crustal keel at the Teisseyre–Tornquist Zone (TTZ), slightly displaced to the northeast of the geologic inversion zone; and 42 km below the Precambrian Craton. In the Polish Basin and further to the south, the depth down to the consolidated basement is 6–14 km, as characterised by a velocity of 5.8–5.9 km/s. The low basement velocities, less than 6.0 km/s, extend to a depth of 16–22 km. In the middle crust, with a thickness of ca. 4–14 km, the velocity changes from 6.2 km/s in the southwestern to 6.8 km/s in the northeastern parts of the profile. The lower crust also differs between the southwestern and northeastern parts of the profile: from 8 km thickness, with a velocity of 6.8–7.0 km/s at a depth of 22 km, to ca.12 km thickness with a velocity of 7.0–7.2 km/s at a depth of 30 km. In the lowermost crust, a body with a velocity of 7.20–7.25 km/s was found above Moho at a depth of 33–45 km in the central part of the profile. Sub-Moho velocities are 8.2–8.3 km/s beneath the Palaeozoic Platform and TTZ, and about 8.1 km/s beneath the Precambrian Platform. Seismic reflectors in the upper mantle were interpreted at 45-km depth beneath the Palaeozoic Platform and 55-km depth beneath the TTZ.
The Polish Basin is an up to 14-km-thick asymmetric graben feature. The basement beneath the Palaeozoic Platform in the southwest is similar to other areas that were subject to Caledonian deformation (Avalonia) such that the Variscan basement has only been imaged at a shallow depth along the profile. At northeastern end of the profile, the velocity structure is comparable to the crustal structure found in other portions of the East European Craton (EEC). The crustal keel may be related to the geologic inversion processes or to magmatic underplating during the Carboniferous–Permian extension and volcanic activity. 相似文献
13.
根据断裂延伸长度、切割深度、断裂的活动强度和断裂产生的前后序次及其对盆地的控制作用不同,分为基底断裂和同生断裂。 基底断裂控制着盆地或者盆地内二级构造单元的边界。同生断裂明显地控制了盆内的沉积作用,包括岩相、厚度变化等。 在中国东部中、新生代盆地形成和发展过程中,上述两类断裂不仅分布广,而且数量多。在形态特征上,一般断层面弯曲朝上,并随深度增加而变缓,都具有正滑性质,所以统称为铲形断裂。 相似文献
14.
《Tectonophysics》1999,301(1-2):61-74
In 1994, the ACRUP (Antarctic Crustal Profile) project recorded a 670-km-long geophysical transect across the southern Ross Sea to study the velocity and density structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the West Antarctic rift system. Ray-trace modeling of P- and S-waves recorded on 47 ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) records, with strong seismic arrivals from airgun shots to distances of up to 120 km, show that crustal velocities and geometries vary significantly along the transect. The three major sedimentary basins (early-rift grabens), the Victoria Land Basin, the Central Trough and the Eastern Basin are underlain by highly extended crust and shallow mantle (minimum depth of about 16 km). Beneath the adjacent basement highs, Coulman High and Central High, Moho deepens, and lies at a depth of 21 and 24 km, respectively. Crustal layers have P-wave velocities that range from 5.8 to 7.0 km/s and S-wave velocities from 3.6 to 4.2 km/s. A distinct reflection (PiP) is observed on numerous OBS from an intra-crustal boundary between the upper and lower crust at a depth of about 10 to 12 km. Local zones of high velocities and inferred high densities are observed and modeled in the crust under the axes of the three major sedimentary basins. These zones, which are also marked by positive gravity anomalies, may be places where mafic dikes and sills pervade the crust. We postulate that there has been differential crustal extension across the West Antarctic rift system, with greatest extension beneath the early-rift grabens. The large amount of crustal stretching below the major rift basins may reflect the existence of deep crustal suture zones which initiated in an early stage of the rifting, defined areas of crustal weakness and thereby enhanced stress focussing followed by intense crustal thinning in these areas. The ACRUP data are consistent with the prior concept that most extension and basin down-faulting occurred in the Ross Sea during late Mesozoic time, with relatively small extension, concentrated in the western half of the Ross Sea, during Cenozoic time. 相似文献
15.
Andrei Bocin Randell Stephenson Ari Tryggvason Ionelia Panea Victor Mocanu Franz Hauser Liviu Matenco 《Tectonophysics》2005,410(1-4):273-291
The DACIA-PLAN (Danube and Carpathian Integrated Action on Processes in the Lithosphere and Neotectonics) deep seismic reflection survey was performed in August–September 2001, with the objective of obtaining new information on the deep structure of the external Carpathians nappe system and the architecture of the Tertiary/Quaternary basins developed within and adjacent to the Vrancea zone, including the rapidly subsiding Focsani Basin. The DACIA-PLAN profile is about 140 km long, having a roughly WNW–ESE direction, from near the southeast Transylvanian Basin, across the mountainous south-eastern Carpathians and their foreland to near the Danube River. A high resolution 2.5D velocity model of the upper crust along the seismic profile has been determined from a tomographic inversion of the DACIA-PLAN first arrival data. The results show that the data fairly accurately resolve the transition from sediment to crystalline basement beneath the Focsani Basin, where industry seismic data are available for correlation, at depths up to about 10 km. Beneath the external Carpathians nappes, apparent basement (material with velocities above 5.8 km/s) lies at depths as shallow as 3–4 km, which is less than previously surmised on the basis of geological observations. The first arrival travel-time data suggest that there is significant lateral structural heterogeneity on the apparent basement surface in this area, suggesting that the high velocity material may be involved in Carpathian thrusting. 相似文献
16.
Seismic investigations to determine the crustal structure in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula have been initiated in 1970. First experiments were carried out during July 1970, when a series of ten shots was fired off Cabo de Sines (Portugal) in shallow water and recorded up to distances of 185 km along a SE-profile towards Huelva (Spain). The profile was reversed in December 1970, when a series of twelve shots was fired off the south coast near Fuzeta (east of Faro) and recorded up to distances of about 260 km along a NW-profile towards Cabo da Roca west of Lisboa. A considerable increase in the seismic efficiency of the explosions could be achieved by generating standing waves in the water.
The structure deduced exhibits some peculiar features. Below the Palaeozoic sediments a fairly high velocity of 6.4 km/sec is found for the dome-shaped basement in that area. The lower crust, which is separated from the upper crust by a distinct velocity inversion (with a minimum velocity of about 5.3–5.6 km/sec), is characterized by a velocity of 7.1 km/sec. From the geological evidence and the sequence of seismic velocities it must be concluded that the upper crustal block in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula has been uplifted by about 2–5 km since Permo-Triassic time, thus emphasizing the significance of vertical movement in tectonic activity.
The top of the upper mantle (8.15 km/sec) was detected at a depth of 30 km close to the Atlantic coast in the west, while near the Algarve coast in the south the depth to the M-discontinuity is about 34–35 km. This result in conjunction with studies of earthquake focal mechanisms confirms the suggestion that the Iberian block is being underthrust under the African plate. 相似文献
17.
Since 1975 several high-resolution seismic-refraction and reflection surveys have been carried out in western Germany to investigate the structure of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. The investigation culminated in the seismic-refraction survey along the 825 km long central part of the European Geotraverse (EGT) in 1986. This contribution summarizes the main results of the more recent crustal investigations along and around the EGT. The internal crustal structure throughout the area of the Variscides is very complex and changes laterally considerably. Distinct crustal blocks differing in their internal structure can be assigned to geologically defined units of the Variscan and Caledonian orogeny. In spite of local deviations, in general a more or less transparent and low-velocity upper crust contrasts with a highly reflective lower crust. A subdivision of upper and lower crust by a well-defined boundary (Conrad discontinuity) is not always seen. Towards the Alps the average velocity of the lower crust is as low as 6.2 km s?1, in contrast to the area north of the Swabian Jura where the velocities above Moho vary between 6.8 and 7.2 km s?1. In Northern Germany, the Elbe line separates the lower crust into two regions with 6.4 km s?1 average velocity in the south and 6.9 km s?1 in the north. The total crustal thickness under the Variscan part of Germany is fairly constant between 28 and 30 km, except under the Rhine Graben area with 25–26 km and beneath the central part of the Rhenish Massif where an anomalous crustal thickening to 37 km is observed. Under northern Germany the Moho rises to about 26 km depth and the data indicate at least one fault-like step of 1 km before the crust thickens toward the Ringkobing-Fyn basement high. The synthesis of seismic velocity structure and petrological information from xenolith studies allows us to propose a mafic composition for the deeper levels of the crust and uppermost mantle which may be valid at least for the central part of the Variscan crust along the European Geotraverse in Central Europe. 相似文献
18.
LI Qiusheng GAO Rui FENG Shaoying LU Zhanwu HOU Hesheng GUAN Ye LI Pengwu WANG Haiyan YE Zhuo XIONG Xiaosong LIU Jinkai HE Rizheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):358-377
The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been imaged.Based on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) The velocity structure section (~20 km) that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. (2) The basement consists of fold basement (the upper) and crystalline basement (the lower).The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2–5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9–6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. (3) The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3–6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the crystalline basement that perhaps was raised by Thermal or deformation. (4) The lower-consolidated fold basement show more affinity of Yangtze block but the crystalline basement seems more approximate to Lhasa terrene in geophysical nature. We have attempted to improve the resolution and reliability by interaction of the active seismic data and prove it effective to image complex basement structure. It will be a potential to process the piggy-back acquisition data and has wide prospects. 相似文献
19.
THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE BENEATH THE EASTERN QINGHAI 相似文献