共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
Abbas Z. Ijam 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1994,18(5):345-353
Conformal mapping techniques are used to obtain an exact solution for seepage flow below a hydraulic structure founded on permeable soil of infinite depth for a flat floor with an inclined cut-off at the downstream end. Results are presented for different values of b/s and θ. The exit gradient decreases considerably along a distance beyond the floor end with an increase in cut-off inclination. The maximum exit gradient decreases for θ = 10, 20 and 30° and starts increasing for θ = 45°. The uplift pressure decreases as θ increases. It is concluded that using an inclined cut-off increases the factor of safety in design against uplift and piping. 相似文献
2.
A numerical technique called Summary Representation was used to solve the problem of seepage through a leaky sheetpile; this particular method was selected owing to its accuracy and computational speed. Seepage parameters were evaluated quantitatively and the influence of the leakiness of sheetpiles in a porous medium underlain by an impervious horizontal stratum was determined. The case of a single sheetpile was first considered, and the effect of the depth of penetration and coefficient of leakiness on the total rate of flow and on the values of the exit gradient was analysed. Next, the flow under an impervious dam was considered to assess the accuracy of the method. Finally, the case of seepage under a dam with leaky sheetpiles at both ends was studied, including the effect of the leaky sheetpiles on the uplift pressure acting along the foundation of the dam. Patterns of seepage through the flow line deformation that is caused by the leakiness of the sheetpiles. 相似文献
3.
金沙江溪洛渡水电站环境水文地质综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
溪洛渡水电站是我国西南地区的一座大型水电站,其规模仅次于三峡水利枢纽规模,在分析坝区水文地质条件的基础上,从温度场,同位素,水化学场以及岩体地下水动力条件等多角度解释了溪洛渡水电站坝区两岸地下水埋深水,局部温度和局部承压等异常现象,通过分析认为,坝址区水文地质工程条件良好,岩体透水性较弱,无水的控水构造,坝区不存在危害性的渗漏问题,坝基及两岸谷坡均有相对抗水介质存在。 相似文献
4.
Behnam Mansuri Farzin Salmasi Behrooz Oghati 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(5):1165-1173
Some facility for the prevention of piping, reducing exit gradient and seepage amount under hydraulic structures, is construction of cutoff wall and drain. Therefore, this study compares the efficiency of cutoff wall on some design parameters in an assumed diversion dam cross-section. For this purpose, different placements of cutoff wall with various angle of inclination were used in the dam foundation. Results of this study showed that minimum uplift pressure happens when cut off wall is in the heel (upstream) of the dam. With fixing of longitudinal cut off wall placement, inclination of cutoff wall respect to the vertical position, results in reducing of uplift pressure. Effect of inclination of cutoff wall in upstream of the dam; respect to vertical position, in reducing of uplift pressure is very high. 相似文献
5.
Aghdam Ali Taheri Salmasi Farzin Abraham John Arvanaghi Hadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(5):3383-3399
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The effects of diameter and location of drain pipes on the uplift force and exit hydraulic gradient for a gravity dam are investigated. A numerical model... 相似文献
6.
Randomly reinforced soil is used in hydraulic projects such as temporary canals, earth dams, stream restoration and so on for controlling seepage. This paper presents an investigation into the effect of random reinforcement on the seepage velocity and seepage force in a silty soil. Experimental tests were carried out on randomly reinforced samples with two types of fiber at different lengths and percentages. The results show that the random reinforcement of soils with fiber is an effective technique in controlling the seepage velocity and seepage force. Regression models were developed based on the experimental data for determination the seepage velocity and seepage force. The proposed models include the length of fiber, fiber content of soil and hydraulic gradient. Comparison between the model predictions and the experimental results shows that the proposed models can satisfactorily predict the seepage velocity and seepage force for a randomly reinforced silty soil. Analysis of the results of the proposed models shows that the seepage velocity increases with increasing the hydraulic gradient but decreases with increasing fiber length and fiber content. In addition the seepage force increases with increasing the fiber length and fiber content of the soil. 相似文献
7.
渗透变形是颗粒材料中细颗粒在渗流作用下发生重分布且导致土体的内部结构、水力及力学特性发生变化的现象,是导致砂砾石土地基及堤防结构破坏的主要原因之一。利用自主研发的刚性壁渗透仪对不同级配及细颗粒含量的间断级配砂砾石土在恒定水头渗流作用下进行渗透变形全过程试验,监测了渗流过程中的局部水力梯度空间分布以及竖向位移变化,分析了渗透试验结束后土体的颗粒级配空间分布变化。研究结果表明：土粒中细颗粒所处的欠填、满填及过填3种堆积状态决定了粗、细颗粒间不同的接触方式,影响其渗透性。渗透试验结束后细颗粒流失量沿试样高度的空间分布可以划分为3个区域,即顶部流失区、中部均匀区及底部流失区。局部水力梯度的快速下降伴随着竖向位移的突变,意味着渗透变形的开始;渗透变形启动时的局部水力梯度大于全局水力梯度,证实了采用大尺寸试验执行渗透试验的必要性。细颗粒处于过填状态的试样依然会发生渗透变形且导致强烈的沉降变形,值得进一步的研究。 相似文献
8.
为深入认识渗透变形对粗粒土渗透性及压缩性的影响,利用自主研发的加载式大型渗透变形仪对不同级配的粗粒土试样进行渗透变形全过程试验及侧限压缩对比试验,获得了不同试件产生渗透变形的临界水力梯度、渗透系数演化规律及损伤变化特性。研究成果表明：渗透变形过程中渗流路径中下游部位产生了渗透挤密效应,引起局部渗透性降低;在后期增加的水头作用下,先前产生渗透挤密部位的渗透性逐渐增大。试样产生渗透变形后,压缩模量减小;颗粒级配不同,渗透破坏引起的压缩损伤程度亦不相同。试件产生渗透变形后,在重力和渗透力作用下,试件结构将产生重构现象。 相似文献
9.
矿山地下工程渗透变形破坏造成的典型灾害类型包括顶板突水溃砂、底板突水、防水闸墙与围岩界面渗透破坏等。本文从刘国昌先生对我国矿山水文地质工程地质学发展的奠基作用谈起,综述了矿山底板岩体渗透变形破坏突水灾害机理和防控技术进展。回顾了煤矿底板突水系数提出、改进和应用的历史,从底板渗透变形破坏产生的渗透力学机理重新阐释了突水系数的物理含义。基于底板岩体结构临界抗渗水力坡度建立了抗渗安全系数突水判别方法,其底板临界抗渗水力坡度可由半经验方法估算。在对底板突水评价方法演进分析的基础上,提出了底板危险源辨识和突水危险性动态评价方法。对底板突水灾变的主动防控措施的防控原理及效果评估方法进行了分析。最后,讨论了矿山底板渗透稳定性方面需要进一步深入研究的科学问题。 相似文献
10.
我国西南、西北地区常存在强弱互层的深厚覆盖层坝基,弱透水层在深厚覆盖层坝基中对渗流影响较大,其影响规律需要深入研究。试验中将弱透水层设置在坝基的不同位置,变化垂直防渗墙的深度。试验结果表明,弱透水层处在中间位置处,其与防渗墙形成半封闭式联合防渗体系能有效降低坝基渗流量与出逸坡降;上江坝工程实例中,经半封闭式联合防渗体系降低后的渗流量及出逸坡降皆在允许范围内;从理论层面上考虑,该弱透水层若能加以利用,可大大减小防渗墙深度。此外,研究还发现,当防渗墙位置越深,其与防渗墙形成的半封闭式防渗体系越能有效减小渗流量及出逸坡降。研究成果能为类似工程提供一定的理论参考及建议,从而降低工程造价。 相似文献
11.
地下水渗流作用下内部不稳定砂性土将发生潜蚀现象,潜蚀作用引起的土体渗透破坏会对土工建筑物或地基造成不良影响。考虑土体有效应力和细颗粒应力折减,建立渗流场中细颗粒受力模型,根据极限受力平衡状态得到潜蚀过程中砂性土细颗粒起动临界水力坡降计算公式,并通过DEM-CFD耦合方法以及现有试验数据进行验证。结果表明：砂性土中细颗粒以滚动方式起动,起动临界水力坡降受渗流水流、土体特性以及颗粒自身特性共同影响;砂性土表层细颗粒起动临界水力坡降受埋深影响较大,埋深1 cm的细颗粒最高、最低起动临界水力坡降相差10.169%,埋深10 cm时差异减少至1.061%。该计算方法与数值模拟和渗流试验结果的最大标准误差分别为6.038%、11.211%,可以较为准确地预测砂性土细颗粒起动临界水力坡降。 相似文献
12.
《工程地质学报》2020,28(5):1140-1146
基于连续性方程、达西定律和伯努利表达式,在合理的假设条件下,本文推导了水平岩土层的实体拦砂坝基底处关键点的水压力解析式,通过与数值模拟(Autobank有限元程序)对比可知,本文解析式与数值分析结果误差非常小,其误差基本控制在1%以内,该解析方法是可靠稳定的。本文还进一步讨论了该方法的应用价值,依据得出的水头,可计算构筑物下游x处的水力坡降,判断构筑物下游土体的渗透变形类型,也可估算需要处理的范围以及对护坦长度的设计提供依据。依据相关文献结论,提出运用该解析式计算有坡度的沟床的拦砂坝基底扬压力偏于安全,并且提出了该解析式计算实体拦砂坝底部水压力是否需要考虑“地基的有效深度”对基底水压力的影响问题,此问题还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
13.
以板桥河左岸堤防加固工程为背景,提出了一条基于确定性渗流有限元进行堤防渗透破坏风险分析的途径,并对板桥河堤防渗透破坏风险进行了分析研究,根据分析结果对堤防渗透稳定性进行了评价。所采用研究方法发挥了有限元的优点,能够模拟堤防场地土层实际分布情况,较准确地计算洪水位下运行堤防背水面水力坡降。根据“端点组合-单调性法”理论和“3?”法则,通过1995年堤防典型破圩实例建立起整个堤防的抗渗临界水力坡降、渗透破坏风险率的临界值以及堤防汛期防渗的警戒水位,对整个板桥河堤防渗透稳定性评价工作具有非常重要的意义,其分析方法以及研究思路可供同类堤防工程的渗透稳定性评价工作借鉴。 相似文献
14.
Bahram Nourani Farzin Salmasi Akram Abbaspour Behrooz Oghati Bakhshayesh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):799-808
The seepage beneath a concrete dam causes an upward force acting to the dam foundation, known as uplift. Previous literatures show that implementation of drainage wells in gravity dam foundations causes a reduction in uplift forces. The main aim of these wells is to drain excess seepage flow bypassed from the cutoff wall and to reduce the uplift force. The location of the drains in the foundation plays a key role in reducing the pressure. In the present study, effect of the location of drain pipes from the upstream face of the dam (s), space among them (n) and drain’s diameter (d) in uplift force reduction is investigated. The processes of the study have been performed by the Seep/w software based on the finite element method. Results show that the use of a drain system reduced the uplift forces developed beneath the floor of the structure. If the drain is located close to the face of the dam, it may not be effective in reducing the uplift. On the other hand, shifting it too much away from the upstream face of the dam will lead to increased total uplift. It is, therefore, desirable to find out the location of the drain such that the total uplift is optimum. Optimum location of the vertical drains is not fixed, and by increasing vertical drains distances from each other and also decreasing drain diameter, optimum location would be shifted to the downstream. For example introduction of system of pipe drains to the floor of gravity dams reduced the uplift force acting on the floor by up to 80% for d/l = 0.0004, n/l = 0.024 and s/l = 0.08. This reduction in uplift becomes up to 65% for d/l = 0.0004, n/l = 0.048 and s/l = 0.12. The best location of the drain is such that the total uplift is minimum and this is presented in both design charts and algebraic equations in this study. 相似文献
15.
文章从一维地下水运动和渗透力学的角度,分析比较潜水位上升与承压水位下降对岩溶地区透—阻型盖层中阻水层渗透稳定性的影响,重点讨论了承压水位下降速度(降速)与下降深度（降深）对阻水层中渗透坡降的影响,结果表明:地下水位变化（潜水位上升或承压水位下降）产生的非稳定渗流不利于岩溶洞穴开口上方阻水层的稳定,承压水位的下降对岩溶开口附近处阻水层中渗透力的影响远大于潜水位的变化;在承压层水位最大降深确定的条件下,承压水位下降速度愈快,岩溶开口附近处阻水层中向下渗透力愈大。因此,在覆盖型岩溶地区抽取地下水时,为了减缓或避免覆盖型塌陷的发生,应同时控制好最大降深和最大开采速度。 相似文献
16.
Water outbursts from the floor during underground mining, and those from the surrounding rock mass of tunnels, involve the basic principle of hydraulic fracturing. Based on the hydraulic-fracturing mechanism, considered to be dependent on the coupling between seepage and damage, it is deemed that the variation of the pore-fluid pressure coefficient must be taken into account during this coupled process, in order to correctly establish the crack propagation mechanism during hydraulic fracturing. The coupled seepage-damage model is validated using numerical simulations of hydraulic fracturing around one hole and three holes; the model may also enable scientific and reasonable explanation of the dominance of hydraulic gradient on the crack propagation path in permeable rock. Finally, the water outburst from the floor at a coal mining site in Hebei Province, China, is numerically simulated, and the coupled seepage and damage mechanism during the mining-induced rock failure is clarified. The numerical simulation implies that the seepage-damage is the main mechanism for controlling the water outburst. Therefore this mechanism should be considered in the numerical simulation to understand the essence of water outburst induced in mines. 相似文献
17.
对于水下隧道开挖后隧道围岩中渗流作用对隧道结构水荷载的影响问题,应用复变函数理论方法,建立了水下隧道加固区渗流模型,研究得出考虑加固区渗透率和加固区厚度参数影响的渗流解析解。研究表明,当围岩加固区渗透能力变小时加固区围岩中的水力梯度将增大,加固区半径增加,加固区内的水力梯度也有所增加,但加固区渗透率大小对水力梯度的影响较加固区范围大小变化的影响大很多。在围岩中渗透力的影响起主要作用;加固区在常规厚度范围内变化对围岩中水力梯度的影响相对很小,厚度只需满足相关要求即可。数值解证明了理论解的合理性。 相似文献
18.
渗流作用对砂砾石层灌浆的影响试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在试验砂槽中进行灌浆试验,研究了渗流作用对砂砾石层灌浆的影响。首先,在选定水泥浆作为灌浆材料的前提下,验证了砂砾石材料的可灌性,确定了灌浆的有关参数,包括浆液水灰比、灌浆时间、灌浆压力、灌浆深度等;其次,在无渗流作用下,研究了灌浆压力、浆液水灰比与浆液扩散范围之间的关系;最后,在有渗流作用下,通过调整上下游水位差,研究了灌浆压力、渗流强度与浆液扩散范围之间的关系。研究结果表明,渗流作用对灌浆压力与浆液扩散范围所呈的线性关系无明显影响,不同灌浆压力条件下,渗流强度与浆液扩散范围之间呈明显的非线性关系 相似文献
19.
坝体的渗流计算常采用近似的线性渗流计算方法,然而对于堆石结构而言,在高水力梯度的作用下,由于流体惯性力与紊流的影响,水力梯度与渗流流速之间偏离了线性的达西定律,堆石体中不同孔隙介质的交界面错综复杂更增加了渗流场形态的复杂性。此时,使用非达西渗流的计算方法,可以提高渗流计算的精度,更加客观地描述渗流场中的渗流行为。基于伽辽金加权余量法推演了Forchheimer方程的非线性有限单元法公式,应用该方法对堆石坝渗流场问题进行了数值模拟计算,并给出了工程实例。研究表明,用该方法可以很好地研究渗流场中的非达西渗流现象。对比达西渗流计算与非达西渗流计算结果之间的差异,得出了非达西渗流计算的意义。对堆石坝结构而言,非达西渗流计算的结构显示渗流场的局部区域可能出现高水力坡降区域扩散的现象。此外,水力坡降峰值对比达西渗流计算结果有所增大,这说明真实渗流场的水力坡降峰值有可能超出材料的临界水力坡降允许值,从而引起坝体的渗透破坏。 相似文献
20.
海岸泥沙起动的力学机理十分复杂。首先理论分析了波浪作用下床面泥沙颗粒所受的主要作用力,然后将上举力和有效重力分别与渗流力进行比较分析。计算结果表明渗流力随着波高的变化其方向也发生向上或向下的变化,渗流力与上举力和有效重力之间存在着相位差,不同粒径的泥沙在一个周期内均有一时段渗流力远大于上举力;对于渗透系数小的细颗粒泥沙,渗流力远大于泥沙颗粒的上举力和有效重力。进一步通过水槽试验分析了不同波浪参数作用下孔隙水压力梯度对泥沙起动的影响,试验结果表明波浪渗流力对海床细颗粒泥沙的起动有着重要作用,特别是在分析长周期波浪作用下细颗粒泥沙起动规律时,需考虑波浪引起的渗流力影响。 相似文献