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1.
【研究目的】在末次冰期，全球气候变化以千年尺度的快速、大幅度温度波动旋回为特征，这种波动变化在两极冰芯、深海沉积、中国黄土和洞穴石笋等诸多地质样品中均有记录。黑海位于北大西洋与东亚季风区过渡带，具有极有代表性的沉积记录。本文旨在通过对黑海沉积序列的研究，建立起其区域环境变化与北大西洋及东亚季风气候域气候变化的联系。【研究方法】研究对取自黑海西北部罗马尼亚陆坡区多瑙河峡谷北侧GAS-CS12钻孔的长22.0 m的岩芯样品，进行了粒度、矿物成分、主量元素、有机碳、总氮及碳氮同位素等分析。【研究结果】揭示出该段岩芯沉积于末次冰期中后期“Neoeuxine”湖相阶段，可划分为5个沉积单元，对应于北大西洋H4、H3、H1气候变化事件、末次冰盛期（LGM）及Bolling-Allerod气候变暖事件。【结论】建立起了其沉积序列及区域环境变化与北大西洋及东亚季风气候域气候变化的联系，印证了末次冰期千年尺度的气候变化事件在北大西洋、东亚季风区及两者过渡带上具有高度的一致性。创新点：建立了黑海西北沉积序列与区域环境变化的关系；补充了北大西洋与东亚季风区两者过渡带上气候波动事件的可靠时标。 相似文献
2.
Lein A. Yu. Rusanov I. I. Zakharova E. E. Flint M. V. Ivanov M. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2010,432(1):687-689
Within the mass of recent (unit-I) and ancient Black Sea (unit-II) sediments on the outer shelf of the Russian sector of the
Black Sea, the rates of anoxic processes participating in diagenetic transformations of carbon and sulfur compounds were first
measured using 35S and 14C radioactive tracers. The main energy source for biogeochemical processes in (unit-I) sediments is the organic matter (OM)
supplied to the bottom from the water mass. In (unit-II) sediments, this is methane in a migratory form proved by the excess
of its oxidation rate over that of its generation. In recent silt, the primary microbial process is sulfate reduction; in
unit-II, this is methane anoxic oxidation by the consortium of archeides and sulfate reductants. The organic matter produced
in methane oxidation, in turn, acts as an energy source for the community of anaerobic heterotrophic microorganisms in the
bottom sediments, which are remote from the water-sediment interface. 相似文献
3.
High hydrogen pressure pyrolysis (hydropyrolysis) was performed on samples of solvent extracted Kimmeridge Clay Formation
source rock with a maturity equivalent to ca. 0.35% vitrinite reflectance. We describe the types and distributions of organic nitrogen compounds in the pyrolysis products
(hydropyrolysates) using GC-MS. Compounds identified included alkyl-substituted indoles, carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, quinolines
and benzoquinolines. The distributions of the isomers of methylcarbazoles, C2-alkylcarbazoles and benzocarbazoles in the hydropyrolysates were compared to a typical North Sea oil. The hydropyrolysates
compared to the North Sea oil, showed increased contributions from alkylcarbazole isomers where the nitrogen group is "exposed"
(no alkyl substituents adjacent to the nitrogen functionality) and appreciable levels of benzo[b]carbazole relative to benzo[a]- and benzo[c]carbazoles. Hydropyrolysis is found to be an ideal technique for liberating appreciable quantities of heterocyclic organic
nitrogen compounds from geomacromolecules. The products released from the immature Kimmeridge Clay are thought to represent
a potential source of nitrogen compounds in the bound phase (kerogen) able to contribute to the free bitumen phase during
catagenesis. 相似文献
4.
Carbon isotopic compositions were determined for individual hydrocarbons in water column and sediment samples from the Cariaco Trench and Black Sea. In order to identify hydrocarbons derived from phytoplankton, the isotopic compositions expected for biomass of autotrophic organisms living in surface waters of both localities were calculated based on the concentrations of CO2(aq) and the isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon. These calculated values are compared to measured delta values for particulate organic carbon and for individual hydrocarbon compounds. Specifically, we find that lycopane is probably derived from phytoplankton and that diploptene is derived from the lipids of chemoautotrophs living above the oxic/anoxic boundary. Three acyclic isoprenoids that have been considered markers for methanogens, pentamethyleicosane and two hydrogenated squalenes, have different delta values and apparently do not derive from a common source. Based on the concentration profiles and isotopic compositions, the C31 and C33 n-alkanes and n-alkenes have a similar source, and both may have a planktonic origin. If so, previously assigned terrestrial origins of organic matter in some Black Sea sediments may be erroneous. 相似文献
5.
Partitioning of heavy metals in surface Black Sea sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bulk heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) distributions and their chemical partitioning, together with TOC and carbonate data, were studied in oxic to anoxic surface sediments (0–2 cm) obtained at 18 stations throughout the Black Sea. TOC and carbonate contents, and available hydrographic data, indicate biogenic organic matter produced in shallower waters is transported and buried in the deeper waters of the Black Sea. Bulk metal concentrations measured in the sediments can be related to their geochemical cycles and the geology of the surrounding Black Sea region. Somewhat high Cr and Ni contents in the sediments are interpreted to reflect, in part, the weathering of basic-ultrabasic rocks on the Turkish mainland. Maximum carbonate-free levels of Mn (4347 ppm), Ni (355 ppm) and Co (64 ppm) obtained for sediment from the shallow-water station (102 m) probably result from redox cycling at the socalled ‘Mn pump zone’ where scavenging-precipitation processes of Mn prevail. Chemical partitioning of the heavy metals revealed that Cu, Cr and Fe seem to be significantly bound to the detrital phases whereas carbonate phases tend to hold considerable amounts of Mn and Pb. The sequential extraction procedures used in this study also show that the metals Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb associated with the ‘oxidizable phases’ are in far greater concentrations than the occurrences of these metals with detrital and carbonate phases. These results are in good agreement with the recent studies on suspended matter and thermodynamic calculations which have revealed that organic compounds and sulfides are the major metal carriers in the anoxic Black Sea basin, whereas Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides can also be important phases of other metals, especially at oxic sites. This study shows that, if used with a suitable combination of the various sequential extraction techniques, metal partitioning can provide important information on the varying geological sources and modes of occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in sediments, as well as, on the physical and chemical conditions prevailing in an anoxic marine environment. 相似文献
6.
Surface sediment samples from the shelf and continental slope off southwest Africa and sediment cores from the deepest part of the Black Sea were analyzed for sterols. Because the organic matter in these anoxic sediments is relatively well-preserved, the input from source organisms in the water column is important in controlling sterol distribution patterns. The sterol distribution on the Namibian shelf is complex, probably because of the great spatial and temporal variability of biological productivity caused by seasonal upwelling and changes in oxygen concentration. The Black Sea, perhaps because of greater physical stability of the water column, has sterol distributions which can be explained by microbial activity or chemical processes acting on a constant input of organic carbon from surface production. 相似文献
7.
太平洋西部深海沉积物中有机质、氮、磷的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文通过对太平洋西部(南纬2°-8°,东径170°-173°20')水深在3800-5200米7个站位柱状样中有机质、氮、磷的含量分析,并与沉积物中粒度、微古、底栖生物、矿物资料的对比研究,指出了太平洋西部深海沉积物中有机质、氮、磷的分布规律,控制因素及地球化学特征。资料研究表明:有机质、氮主要来自海水的化学作用及生物作用的沉淀物,而磷同时又有火山喷发时颗粒无机磷的加入;有机质、氮的含量分布与沉积物类型密切有关,在某种程度上,对太平洋西部的沉积环境起了标志作用。 相似文献
8.
南黄海柱状沉积物中烃类化合物的地球化学特征及其对沉积环境的指示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重点探讨了南黄海柱状沉积物中烃类化合物的分子组成特征及其对沉积环境的指示意义,结果显示,沉积柱中总有机碳（TOC）和总氮（TN）具有较好的正相关性,无机氮的影响较弱,这可能跟本区受径流输入的陆源物质的影响较弱有关。上层样品（0～10 cm）中长链正构烷烃占优势,奇偶优势显著,反映了陆源高等植物贡献;藿烷、甾烷的组成则显示该段样品中有机质具有较高的热成熟度;且姥鲛烷（Pr）/植烷（Ph）比值大于1.0,指示沉积环境以氧化为主,这相对不利于海洋源有机质的保存,从而凸显了陆源有机质的贡献。在10～20 cm之间,沉积环境由相对偏氧化向偏还原过渡;20 cm以下表现为强还原性的沉积环境,有机质成熟度较低。中、下层样品中正构烷烃多呈现双峰分布,短链烷烃具有一定的偶奇优势,这可能主要跟海洋浮游生物、藻类及微生物的贡献有关。与渤海烃类化合物的沉积记录进行对比,发现渤海沉积柱中烃类化合物主要跟历史时期不同来源物质的输入及人类活动的影响有关,而南黄海沉积柱中烃类化合物的特征则主要反映了沉积环境和微生物作用对有机质的埋藏保存有重要影响。 相似文献
9.
Natural observations were analyzed to study the distribution of dissolved species of major and trace elements in the Onega and Mezen’ mouth areas and the tendencies in the chemical transformations of the is continental runoff in the river mouths of the White Sea drainage system. It is shown that the migration of major ions and dissolved species of Li, Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F and Mo is consistent with a conservative behavior and is controlled by hydrodynamic processes. The amounts of uranium and barium additionally supplying in the Mezen’ mouth exceed those removed with a continental runoff, whereas the Onega, Severnaya Dvina, and other rivers of the White Sea drainage system are characterized by the conservative behavior of uranium, while barium desorption from particulate matter reaches no more than 33% of its content in the riverine waters. The growth of concentrations of these elements in the Mezen’ mouth is caused by the long-term interaction of solid matters of the continental runoff with saline waters in the tide-affected estuary. 28–59, 12–63, 25–67 and 20–63% of concentrations of iron, aluminum, lanthanum, and cerium are removed from the riverine waters in the mouth areas of all studied rivers of the White Sea drainage system mainly owing to the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids. The distribution of dissolved species of mineral phosphorus and silicon in the Mezen’ mouth is presumably controlled by the remineralization of the organic matter in the bottom sediments, which due to the hydrological features of estuary are regularly stirred up and interact with vertically mixing water sequence. Up to 20–46% of dissolved phosphates and 3–22% of silicon are removed from the continental runoff during vegetation period in the mouths of the Onega, Severnaya Dvina, and other rivers of the White Sea drainage system mainly owing to their biological consumption. 相似文献
10.
David W. Dyrssen 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(1):59-73
The following determinations in the Norwegian fjord Framvaren and the Black Sea have been compared: carbon-14, carbon-13, alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon, sulfide, tritium (HTO), trace metals, silica, ammonium and phosphate. The historical development of the two anoxic basins is quite different. The carbon-14 age of the total inorganic dissolved carbonate in the deep water is 2000 years in the Black Sea, but only 1600 in Framvaren. The fresh water supply and composition are different. The rivers entering the Black Sea have a high alkalinity, but the river input and runoff to Framvaren has a very low alkalinity. The alkalinity, carbonate and sulfide concentrations in the anoxic waters below the chemoclines are much higher in Framvaren. This is mainly an effect of the different surface to volume ratios. The difference in carbon-13 (-8 for the Black Sea deep water, -19 in the Framvaren bottom water) is mainly due to the smaller imprint of the decomposition of organic matter on the Black Sea deep water.The concentration of trace metals in the particulate form are about the same in the deep water. About 76% of the molybdate in seawater is lost in the sulfidic water of Framvaren, and about 82–96% of the molybdate carried into the Black Sea by the Bosporus undercurrent is lost in the deep water. The relation between silica, ammonium and phosphate can be understood if part of the ammonium is being removed by denitrification, a process that most likely has been going on for thousands of years. 相似文献
11.
J.S. Leventhal 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(1):133-137
Syngenetic iron sulfides in sediments are formed from dissolved sulfide resulting from sulfate reduction and catabolism of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that in recent marine sediments deposited below oxygenated waters there is a constant relationship between reduced sulfur and organic carbon which is generally independent of the environment of deposition. Reexamination of data from recent sediments from euxinic marine environments (e.g., the Black Sea) also shows a linear relationship between carbon and sulfur, but the slope is variable and the line intercepts the S axis at a value between 1 and 2 percent S. It is proposed that the positive S intercept is due to watercolumn microbial reduction of sulfate using metabolizable small organic molecules and the sulfide formed is precipitated and accumulates at the sediment-water interface. The variation in slope and intercept of the C to S plots for several cores and for different stratigraphic zones for the Black Sea can be interpreted in relation to thickness of the aqueous sulfide layer or thinness of the oxygen containing layer and to deposition rate, but also may be influenced by availability of iron, and perhaps the type of organic matter (Leventhal, 1979). 相似文献
12.
Six Black Sea bottom sediments samples were analyzed for their organic content (chloroform extract and humic compounds) by elemental analysis, liquid and gas chromatography, various chemical methods and especially infra-red spectroscopy. Four of these samples came from an euxinic facies (“unit 2”) and two from a normally oxygenated facies below (“unit 3”).Even though important differences exist between the two sets of samples, the origin of the organic matter was found to be the same for both facies; this origin is mixed, with the marine contribution slightly predominant over the terrestrial one.Consequently, the compositional differences originate in the different environmental conditions in the sedimentary basin. More precisely, the euxinic facies appears to “preserve” the organic matter, on both quantitative and qualitative grounds. This effect is due more to the anoxic and toxic nature of the environment than to the reducing conditions.The sulfur incorporation in relatively small molecules does not proceed by a rapid biochemical pathway, but by slow and abiotic reactions. 相似文献
13.
Many geophysical characteristics of the Caspian and Black Seas' deep basins are similar, having: suboceanic type of the crust, low average seismic velocity, absence of earthquakes and relatively small variation of magnetic anomalies. However, the sediments in the Caspian Sea deep basin are folded whereas in the Black Sea they are approximately horizontal. The Caspian Sea also has a far greater thickness of sediment accumulation.
The deep basins of the Caspian, Black and Mediterranean seas represent a sequence having similar crustal structures but with a decreasing thickness of sediments and consolidated layer, in that order. It is possible that the intensive sinking and accumulation of sediments began earliest in the Caspian Sea and spreaded continuously to the Black Sea and then the Mediterranean Sea. The Caspian and Black Sea deep basins have existed for long time (perhaps from Paleozoic time or even earlier) as areas with a specific and related type of evolution. 相似文献
14.
The estuary of Odiel and Tinto rivers, located on the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, receives acidic fluvial
water discharges with high concentrations of sulphates and heavy metals from these rivers. In addition, a big industrial complex
which efflues directly on the system is located in the same estuary. The effluents induce the presence in the estuary of high
concentrations of heavy metals and phospates (nutrients). The application of factorial analysis techniques on the nutrients
and heavy metal concentrations in 46 water samples taken from 32 different sampling stations located along the estuary, allows
three groups of elements and compounds with a distinct origin to be determinated. So, Cu and Zn have a clear fluvial provenance,
whereas PO4 and As are clearly industrial wastes and Cl, K, Ca, Li, Rb and Sr come from the sea. From the factorial analyses we can deduce
the existence of two agents controlling the behavior of the analyzed elements, which are: the tidal exchange with the open
sea and the fluvial supply.
Received: 20 November 1998 · Accepted: 11 August 1999 相似文献
15.
Christiaan G. C. van Baak Eleanora P. Radionova Larisa A. Golovina Isabella Raffi Klaudia F. Kuiper Iuliana Vasiliev Wout Krijgsman 《地学学报》2015,27(6):433-441
Past hydrological interactions between the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea are poorly resolved due to complications in establishing a high‐resolution time frame for the Black Sea. We present a new greigite‐based magnetostratigraphic age model for the Mio‐Pliocene deposits of DSDP Hole 380/380A, drilled in the southwestern Black Sea. This age model is complemented by 40Ar/39Ar dating of a volcanic ash layer, allowing a direct correlation of Black Sea deposits to the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) interval of the Mediterranean Sea. Proxy records divide these DSDP deposits into four intervals: (i) Pre‐MSC marine conditions (6.1–6.0 Ma); (ii) highstand, fresh to brackish water conditions (~6.0–5.6 Ma); (iii) lowstand, fresh‐water environment (5.6–5.4 Ma) and (iv) highstand, fresh‐water conditions (5.4–post 5.0 Ma). Our results indicate the Black Sea was a major fresh‐water source during gypsum precipitation in the Mediterranean Sea. The introduction of Lago Mare fauna during the final stage of the MSC coincides with a sea‐level rise in the Black Sea. Across the Mio‐Pliocene boundary, sea‐level and salinity in the Black Sea did not change significantly. 相似文献
16.
V. N. Kholodov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(3):259-264
Evolution of N.M. Strakhov’s views on the formation of diagenetic sulfides in Holocene-Quaternary rocks of the Black Sea is
considered. It is shown that Strakhov actually discarded the statement of A.D. Arkhangel’skii about the migration of hydrotroilite
from the Drevnechernomorsk (i.e., ancient Black Sea sediments) to the Neoeuxinian sequence and attribute the generation of
sulfides in the hydrotroilite bed to the redox hydrosulfuric barrier. New data on sulfide distribution in Black Sea sediments
and concept of ancient Black Sea sediments as semipermeable membranes suggest the decisive role of hydrosulfuric solutions
in the generation of sulfide accumulations. 相似文献
17.
V. Starostenko V. Buryanov I. Makarenko O. Rusakov R. Stephenson A. Nikishin G. Georgiev M. Gerasimov R. Dimitriu O. Legostaeva V. Pchelarov C. Sava 《Tectonophysics》2004,381(1-4):211
A map of Moho depth for the Black Sea and its immediate surroundings has been inferred from 3-D gravity modelling, and crustal structure has been clarified. Beneath the basin centre, the thickness of the crystalline layer is similar to that of the oceanic crust. In the Western and Eastern Black Sea basins, the Moho shallows to 19 and 22 km, respectively. Below the Tuapse Trough (northeastern margin, adjacent to the Caucasus orogen), the base of the crust is at 28 km, whereas in the Sorokin Trough, it is as deep as 34 km. The base of the crust lies at 29 and 33 km depths respectively below the southern and northern parts of the Mid-Black Sea Ridge. For the Shatsky Ridge (between the Tuapse Trough and the Eastern Black Sea Basin), the Moho plunges from the northwest (33 km) to the southeast (40 km). The Arkhangelsky Ridge (south of the Eastern Black Sea Basin) is characterised by a Moho depth of 32 km. The crust beneath these ridges is of continental type. 相似文献
18.
A. M. Nikishin A. O. Khotylev A. Yu. Bychkov L. F. Kopaevich E. I. Petrov V. O. Yapaskurt 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2013,68(3):141-154
Deposits in southwestern Crimea that contain Late Albian, Middle Senomanian, and Middle Campanian volcanic material are described and dated. Supposedly volcanic edifices are identified in the Black Sea (the Shatsky Swell) based on seismic data. The Albian, Senomanian, and Campanian volcanic belts are reconstructed for the entire Black Sea Region. The suggestion is made that the Black Sea Basin formed as a back-arc basin that started from rifting in the Albian and finished with spreading of the oceanic crust in the Senomanian-Early Santonian. 相似文献
19.
Organic acids were released from marine sediments by acid hydrolysis. Ion-exchange chromatography and GC-MS were used to separate and identify the acids. The major compounds detected were galacturonic, glucuronic, mannuronic, 4-O-methylglucuronic, cellobiouronic, guluronic, glyceric, glycolic, lactic and erythronic acids. Numerous biouronic (sugar-uronic acid compounds) and aldonic acids were also found. The low abundance of uronic acids characteristic of terrigenous plants and the similarity of the biouronic composition to that of marine algae indicate a marine algal source for the acids in the sediment. Results from the Black Sea are compared with those from the Baltic Sea and several diagenetic transformations are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Yeşim Çoban-Yildiz Alec F. Gaines Pat E. Keating Gordon D. Love Dennis McLoughlin Colin E. Snape 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(2):270-282
The suspended particulate organic matter, SPOM, in the autumnal Black Sea has been characterised using catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) of the total (bound plus free) lipid material. The technique, which generates maximum yields of volatile products from sediments, kerogens and phytoplankton, was followed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The generated alkanes were dominated by n-C18, hypothesised to arise predominantly from unsaturated C18 fatty acids. Steranes were generated from reductive conversion of free and bound sterols. The generation of branched alkanes and especially of hopanes provided formal evidence for the participation of bacteria in the mineralisation of the SPOM. Whereas similar distributions of n-alkanes were generated from SPOM sampled from different depths of the comparatively well-stirred Rhodes Gyre (eastern Mediterranean), mineralisation of the SPOM at each depth of the central Black Sea produced characteristic changes in the composition and concentration of the HyPy products. Depth profiles of the n-alkanes generated from SPOM in the region of the Rim Current were affected by the local hydrography. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of anthropogenic origin were present in the surface waters of the central Black Sea. Some methyl benzenes, thiophenes and pyrroles were also generated. 相似文献