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1.
Double shield TBMs are amongst the most technically sophisticated excavation machines in use by tunneling industry. However, using the shielded machine limits access to the walls for observation of ground conditions and presence of shield makes the machine susceptible to entrapment or seizure in weak rocks under high stresses which results in high convergence. To realistically evaluate the possibility of machine seizure in such grounds, the interaction between the rock mass and shields, lining and backfilling need to be understood. This study explains the application of numerical analysis for 3D simulation of mechanized tunneling by using a double shield TBM. For this purpose, a comprehensive numerical simulation is developed to systematically evaluate the potential of excessive ground convergence. Simulation results at five reference points on the tunnel circumference along the tunnel have been examined. The results are including longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) as well as contact force profiles (LFP) on both front and rear shields, frictional forces and required thrust to move the machine, stress history of ground, and estimated loading of the segments. The results also proved that numerical analyses can successfully be used for prediction of loads on the shield during excavation to assess risks of machine entrapment. 相似文献
2.
关于用岩体分类预测TBM掘进速率AR的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以Maen、Pieve、Cogolo和Varzo 4条隧道为例,本文分析说明了岩体质量分类系统不能预测TBM净掘进速率PR的原因:由于影响岩体可掘进性的因素与影响岩体质量的因素不一样,且岩体质量分类系统多采用半定性半定量的评分形式描述岩体条件,故岩体的质量分数值与TBM的净掘进速率PR很难有一一对应的关系。因此,岩体质量分类系统和基于此的预测模型不能够用来预测TBM的净掘进速率PR。根据TBM施工隧道岩体分类的目的及TBM施工的特点,提出预测TBM净掘进速率PR的岩体分类系统应与评价岩体稳定的岩体分类系统分开进行。用岩体可掘进性分类系统预测净掘进速率PR,用岩体质量分类系统预测TBM利用率U,从而计算出TBM的掘进速率AR。 相似文献
3.
For long deep tunnels as currently under construction through the Alps, mechanized excavation using tunnel boring machines (TBMs) contributes significantly to savings in construction time and costs. Questions are, however, posed due to the severe ground conditions which are in cases anticipated or encountered along the main tunnel alignment. A major geological hazard is the squeezing of weak rocks, but also brittle failure can represent a significant problem. For the design of mechanized tunnelling in such conditions, the complex interaction between the rock mass, the tunnel machine, its system components, and the tunnel support need to be analysed in detail and this can be carried out by three-dimensional (3D) models including all these components. However, the state-of-the-art shows that very few fully 3D models for mechanical deep tunnel excavation in rock have been developed so far. A completely three-dimensional simulator of mechanised tunnel excavation is presented in this paper. The TBM of reference is a technologically advanced double shield TBM designed to cope with both conditions. Design analyses with reference to spalling hazard along the Brenner and squeezing along the Lyon–Turin Base Tunnel are discussed. 相似文献
4.
为研究挤压地层双护盾隧道掘进机（TBM）作用下围岩变形及应力场特征,采用FLAC3D建立了完整模型,并详细阐述了隧道掘进机（TBM）施工过程中的模拟方法,重点分析了隧洞纵横断面内围岩位移场、应力场、塑性区特征。模拟结果表明,两腰下部范围内的围岩与TBM护盾发生接触并产生挤压,拱顶并未接触;受刀盘与护盾连接处的尺寸高差和前后护盾的锥度影响导致仰拱围岩内出现3次加卸载,仰拱内部环向应力和径向应力均大于拱顶和两腰,而且其主应力方向与径向线斜交,受扰动剧烈,但仰拱下方70°范围内的围岩基本处于弹性状态;横向断面内围岩塑性区自上而下逐渐减小,且距掌子面越远塑性区范围越大,但后盾塑性区范围变化不大。 相似文献
5.
岩碴是岩-机作用的直接产物,也是评价隧道掘进机（TBM）破岩效率和优化TBM掘进参数的有效指标。依托兰州水源地建设工程和龙岩万安溪引水工程,开展不同岩性条件下TBM岩碴筛分试验,得到了岩碴粒径分布规律。基于新表面理论,从滚刀破岩能量转化角度出发,提出了一种新的TBM破岩效率评价指标。基于岩碴粒径分布规律和TBM掘进参数统计,探讨了新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数之间的关系,指出了新表面理论指标在反映岩碴破碎程度和评价TBM破岩效率方面的优势。对新表面理论指标与TBM掘进推力以及刀间距s与贯入度p的比值进行回归分析,得到了硬岩（围岩等级为Ⅱ级）和软岩（围岩等级为III级）掘进条件下的TBM最优掘进推力和s/p取值区间。研究表明：（1）新表面理论指标符合岩石破碎学原理,可准确评价TBM破岩效率。岩碴越是破碎,新表面理论指标越大,掘进能耗越高,此时TBM破岩效率相对较低。（2）新表面理论指标与比能、岩碴粗糙度指数均具有良好的线性相关关系。岩碴越是破碎,破碎单位体积岩石的能量消耗越大,新表面理论指标越大,对应的粗糙度指数越小。软岩掘进条件下TBM掘进比能低于硬岩,而岩碴破碎程度高于硬岩。（... 相似文献
6.
隧道TBM开挖过程中经常会遇到复合岩层,在这种地质环境下,隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine,简称TBM）开挖过程中的隧道围岩强度很难估计,隧道开挖掌子面和围岩容易发生坍塌。为了提高隧道掘进效率、预防事故发生,对开挖隧道围岩强度进行实时估算方面的研究很有必要。在重庆轨道九号线隧道TBM施工中,通过室内试验和现场实测数据发现,TBM推力FN与岩石强度成正比、TBM扭矩推力比T/FN（T为扭矩）与贯入度p0.5成正比例关系。针对砂质泥岩、砂岩和灰岩组成的复合岩层,提出了一种利用现场实测推力FN和扭矩T的值来快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度的方法,进一步对TBM实测数据进行线性拟合,从而得到估算公式中两个常数α1、α2的取值方法,并在10多个隧道实际工程中得到验证。结果表明,对于这种复合岩层地质环境,两个常数α1、α2的值与滚刀数量n和滚刀直径d相关。该研究成果为实时快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度提供了一种新的切实可行的思路,能提高隧道TBM施工的可靠性和安全性,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
7.
Phien-wej, N. and Cording, E.J., 1991. Sheared shale response to deep TBM excavation. Eng. Geol., 30: 371–391.
Ravelling and squeezing of sheared shale of Stillwater Tunnel caused severe problems in tunneling with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) that led to termination of the contract. The tunnel was finally holed through with two TBM's specially designed for squeezing ground. Although the shale mass in all geological conditions exhibited time-dependent response, significant squeezing was confined to sheared shale with large amounts of clay gouge infill, wherein creep of the clay gouge was the prime mechanism controlling the ground response. However, when the tunnel face was advanced at a slow rate, the observed ground squeezing in the early period was largely induced by the effect of stress change from face advance, not the creep. Ground ravelling was very significant in sheared shale due to the high degree of fissuring and fracturing of this thinly bedded shale. Failure of the first TBM resulted mainly from the incompatibility of the shield design with the sheared shale. The shield was too long and stiff and had variable diameters. Extensive observation and instrumentation programs of the project provided valuable information on rapid mechanized tunneling in heavy ground. 相似文献
8.
由于受护盾、管片及电磁干扰的影响,地质素描、炸药激振地震法、电磁法等超前地质预报方法在双护盾TBM施工中无法使用。根据双护盾TBM技术特点,以CCS水电站引水隧洞为工程背景,提出了以地质分析法、物探法、和超前钻探等为主的综合超前地质预报方法。综合超前地质预报采用"由粗到细、点面结合"的原则。地质分析法包括隧洞沿线地质分析、施工地质观察、岩渣及掘进参数分析等,不占用TBM掘进时间,成本低,可全洞段采用。物探法包括ISIS地震法和BEAM电法。物探法和超前钻探占用TBM掘进时间,且预报成本较高。因此,应根据预报精度、预报成本及是否占用掘进时间综合权衡后,确定采用何种预报方法。基于综合超前地质预报结果,针对不良地质条件,提出了相应的处理措施。研究结果表明,综合超前地质方法符合双护盾TBM施工特点,能有效识别掌子面前方的不良地质条件,同时可为工程应对措施提供基础支撑,从而有效避免或降低不良地质条件的影响。 相似文献
9.
Assessment of tunnel instability—a numerical approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This paper outlines the application of numerical modeling to predict deformation and stability of tunnel to be excavated in Bansagar, M.P., India. To meet the ever-increasing demand of transportation, energy, and other infrastructure projects, a large volume of rock tunneling is being carried out throughout the world. The geotechnical properties along the route of the 1,800-m long tunnel in the Bansagar region of India have been studied. The rock mass rating and rock mass quality systems were employed for empirical rock mass quality determination. Numerical analysis for the stress–strain distribution of the tunnel excavation and support systems was also carried out. In order to simulate the excavation of tunnel (NATM) at a depth of 150 m below the ground , a series of finite element analyses using Mohr-coulomb elasto-plastic constitutive model has been carried out using PLAXIS 2D. The stability of tunnel has been analyzed, and stress pattern have been discussed. 相似文献
10.
全断面硬岩隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）对岩体条件极其敏感,且其前期投入较大,准确地评估岩体可掘性、预测TBM掘进性能对TBM隧道施工至关重要。基于来自中国、伊朗两国涵盖3种不同岩性的5条TBM施工引水隧洞约300组现场数据,以现场贯入度指数FPI为岩体可掘性评价指标,分析了岩石单轴抗压强度UCS、岩体完整性指数 、岩体主要结构面与洞轴线的夹角?、隧洞直径D等与岩体可掘性之间的关系;探讨了适用于岩体可掘性研究的岩体参数统一方法,进一步建立了精度较高的（相关系数为0.768）岩体可掘性经验预测方法。基于该预测方法,运用K中心聚类分析方法,将岩体可掘性分为6类,探讨了不同岩体可掘性条件下TBM平均单刀推力、刀盘转速分布规律,相应成果可为实际工程中TBM施工隧洞岩体可掘性评估、掘进参数的选择、施工进度的安排提供一定的指导。 相似文献
11.
“引大济湟”调水总干渠输水隧洞埋深大,地应力较高,其中穿越的洞段Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩占有较大的比例,在高地应力作用下围岩开挖卸荷后极可能出现大变形失稳、垮塌等,这些都极大地影响着TBM的掘进效率及施工进度。根据洞室开挖过程中实际揭示的围岩地质条件及变形特征,采用三维黏弹塑性数值方法,对围岩的流变特性与时效变形进行研究;在对实测地应力场进行分析基础上,结合围岩现场变形规律,对围岩蠕变力学参数进行了反演,进而对隧洞开挖区域的软弱围岩进行黏弹塑性数值分析,获得了规律性认识,为动态调整设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
12.
隧道掘进机（TBM）近年来在世界范围内得到了广泛应用,通常通过完全充满压力仓的泥土或泥浆来支护开挖面。但在较差的地层和水力条件下,开挖面失稳时有发生。事实上,TBM开挖面的支护压力的大小直接决定了施工安全及地表变形。基于所建立的开挖面支护压力计算模型,并考虑复合地层下土体分层带来的影响,通过计算机编程方法,建立了界面友好、使用便捷的开挖面支护压力可视化计算平台(TBM Studio);并结合阿拉斯加隧道、钱江隧道工程实例进行了不同模型结果的验证分析,给出了各模型计算结果的差异性;讨论了软土复合地层条件下,土体自稳性对开挖面稳定的影响,认为软土地层中定量确定有效支护压力和水头高度至关重要,研究为正确评价TBM开挖面稳定性提供了相应的计算模型。 相似文献
13.
万家寨引黄工程泥灰岩段隧洞岩石掘进机(TBM)卡机事故工程地质分析和事故处理 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
隧道全断面岩石掘进机 (TBM )的施工对地质条件适应性是一个不断认识和深化的过程 ,其中很多认识是来自已发生的各种各样事故和对事故原因的理性认识。本文是在对某隧洞TBM卡机地段的岩性 (包括工程性质 )、构造、地应力及其在TBM施工条件下的变化等方面进行工程地质力学研究的基础上 ,指出层间剪切带的存在及由此而产生的较大变形速率是导致事故发生的工程地质原因 ,并提出了相应的处理意见和建议。TBM卡机问题的顺利解决和它重新开始快速掘进证明了作者分析和工程处理措施的合理性。本文的分析有助于加深TBM施工对复杂地质条件适应性的认识 ,并可望为避免类似事故的再次发生提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
14.
针对传统分类方法难以对围岩稳定性进行评价的问题,以护盾式全断面隧掘进机（TBM）施工隧洞的围岩稳定性评价为目标,在研究护盾式TBM施工特点的基础上,参照国内、外常用的围岩分类方法,选择了岩石的回弹值、刀盘推力、刀盘扭矩、片状岩渣含量、地下水渗流量和最大主应力与洞轴线的夹角作为围岩稳定性评判因素。采用模糊综合评判方法,建立围岩稳定性多因素评判模型,通过确定评判因素的权重向量选取隶属函数,进而对围岩稳定性进行定量评判,并将之应用到某工程双护盾TBM施工的围岩稳定性评判中。结果表明：序号1、2、3和4洞段对应的较稳定、较稳定、局部稳定性差和不稳定的最大隶属度分别为0.494、0.403、0.388、0.442,分别对应Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类围岩;模糊综合评判方法合理,评判结果较为可靠。研究成果对护盾式TBM施工的围岩稳定性评价、围岩分类及支护方式选择等具有参考价值。 相似文献
15.
Alborz twin tunnel along with an exploratory or service tunnel between the two main tunnels, are the longest tunnels section in Tehran–Shomal highway with 6.3 km length. The service tunnel is designed to be used for geological investigations, ventilation, transportation during the construction of main tunnels, water drainage, ground improvement by grouting, and emergency exit. An open tunnel boring machine (TBM) of Wirth Company was used to drive this service tunnel. With regard to the fact that in such mechanized tunneling projects, performance of the TBMs is of the most importance, which affects the economy and timing of the projects; on the other hand, geotechnical conditions of the region play a significant role in this respect, this effect was investigated during this study. In this study, two main elements of the TBM performance including the rate of penetration and utilization factor were investigated using artificial neural network and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. It is shown that geotechnical conditions have considerable effect on the rate of penetration. Whereas, utilization is largely affected by management and non-rock mass-related parameters including delays, wasted times, maintenance, labor, etc. With regard to the available data, four parameters including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), friction angle, Poisson’s ratio, and cohesion were selected to be studied. Based on assessments conducted using these approaches, the rate of effectiveness of four selected parameters on penetration rate, in a descending order, was as follows: UCS, friction angle, Poisson’s ratio, and cohesion. For increasing utilization, it was concluded that minimizing time delays by good management is the most effective way. Furthermore, with regard to the relative error percentages and the coefficient of correlation of the input and output data, it was concluded that the method artificial neural network yields more reliable results than the statistical approach. 相似文献
16.
Summary. Tunnel face and wall collapse are common during excavations performed by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) due to the difficulty
of correctly identifying the properties of the excavated rock. This identification, however, can be simplified by using the
cutting force to estimate rock strength, a method that has already proved quite successful in Japanese tunnel excavations.
This paper summarizes knowledge relating to the cutting force obtained through tunnel excavation experience, and the relationship
between rock strength and TBM operation is discussed. Although TBM operators rely on intuition to set the cutter head speed
appropriately, this decision process represents a logical method of operation that takes advantage of the variable speed capability
of the cutter head. Selection of appropriate support methods for the excavated face is also a critical issue in tunnel excavation.
This selection process is based on the condition of the rock, which is difficult to determine quickly and accurately during
tunnel excavation. The present paper uses the excavation of two tunnels to demonstrate that it is possible to assign rock
mass classifications accurately based on rock strength when boring a uniform rock type. It is also shown that the rock mass
can be classified from the rock strength normalized by the uniaxial compressive strength when boring through mixed rock types. 相似文献
17.
Drillability indices, i.e., the Drilling Rate Index? (DRI), Bit Wear Index? (BWI), Cutter Life Index? (CLI), and Vickers Hardness Number Rock (VHNR), are indirect measures of rock drillability. These indices are recognized as providing practical characterization of rock properties used in the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) time and cost prediction models available for hard rock tunneling and surface excavation. The tests form the foundation of various hard rock equipment capacity and performance prediction methods. In this paper, application of the tests for tunnel boring machine (TBM) and drill and blast (D&B) tunneling is investigated and the impact of the indices on excavation time and costs is presented. 相似文献
18.
With increased demand for the tunnel construction in rock–soil interface composite formations, the influence on surrounding environment especially the excavation face instability during construction and ground settlement in the long term has gained great attention. The researches about environmental disturbance by shield tunneling construction in single ground as the soil or rock conditions have been developed continuously. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the interaction between rock–soil interface composite formations and shield machines, works on these special conditions have not been carried out sufficiently. In this paper the theoretical, experimental and numerical researches on the excavation face stability and ground settlement are discussed while the in situ datum are used to support them. First, the typical projects in rock–soil interface composite formations are listed and the difficulties met are summarized. Second, the failure model of excavation face and support pressure from the tunneling shield in rock–soil interface composite formations are discussed. Then, a comprehensive survey of the factors of ground settlement during and after construction and some effective prediction models are made. Finally, the existing problems and directions for future research are introduced. 相似文献
19.
开敞式TBM在掘进过程中,往往会遇到断层破碎带,目前业界已经有相应的处理方式,但是在遇到类泥石流洞段时,单独依靠目前TBM自身条件及已有的处理方式很难实现顺利通过,需要采取特殊的施工处理措施相互配合才能通过。本文依托吉林引松供水项目三标段类泥石流不良地质洞段的处理,形成了一套完整的开敞式TBM过类泥石流不良地质洞段施工处理技术,即在碎块石夹杂断层泥段采用超前管棚支护,在类泥石流不良地质洞段采用堵水灌浆加固技术并配以喷锚喷网 钢拱 模筑混凝土的联合支护技术。工程实践验证了该技术的可行性。 相似文献
20.
The Effect of the Stress Path on Squeezing Behavior in Tunneling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The interplay between support systems and the rock when tunneling under squeezing conditions is normally studied by means
of two-dimensional analyses. The present paper shows that the underlying plane strain assumption involved in a two-dimensional
analysis may lead, under certain conditions, to ground pressure and deformation values that are considerably lower than those
produced by stress analyses that take into account spatial effects in the vicinity of the tunnel face. The differences are
due to the stress path dependency in the elasto-plastic behavior of the ground and, more specifically, to the inability of
the plane strain model to map the actual radial stress history, which involves a complete radial unloading (and, later, a
re-loading) of the tunnel boundary over the unsupported span. This inherent weakness of any plane strain analysis is relevant
from the design standpoint, particularly for heavily squeezing conditions that require a yielding support. For the majority
of tunneling conditions and methods, however, involving as they do the completion of a stiff support within a few meters of
the face, the errors introduced by the plane strain assumption are not important from a practical point of view. 相似文献