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1.
华北东部中生代晚期—新生代软流圈上涌与岩石圈减薄   总被引:34,自引:3,他引:34  
现今的地幔是由软流圈地幔(热的,主元素饱满、微量元素亏损的,塑性流变性质的)、古老岩石圈地幔(地幔1,冷的,主元素贫瘠、微量元素富集的,刚性的,以方辉橄榄岩为代表)以及现今的岩石圈地幔(地幔2,主元素饱满、微量元素亏损,以二辉橄榄岩为代表,可能包括多时期形成的)组成。古老岩石圈地幔与地幔2样品的共存、100~4·3Ma在地幔内部持续发生的古老岩石圈与软流圈的相互作用以及上述作用的时空不均一性,都表明了岩石圈减薄是软流圈呈“蘑菇云状”大规模上涌的结果。上述事件发生于100Ma以后。软流圈来源的玄武岩大范围喷发并伴随了岩石圈的强烈拉伸是事件发生的主要标志,岩石圈减薄是一个深部地质过程,不像是突发事件。  相似文献   

2.
邵济安  路凤香 《岩石学报》2007,23(6):1403-1412
通过辽西及邻区106Ma 来源于软流圈亏损地幔玄武岩的年代学及玄武岩底部不整合面的研究,认识到:(1)这一时期伴随岩石圈地幔物质的更新,存在着"岩浆间隙"和强烈构造运动的现象,从而推断软流圈底辟体上涌、岩石圈减薄、岩浆活动间隙、强烈构造运动这四者之间的因果关系,其中被软流圈熔体带上来的物质和热能是主导因素,岩石圈减薄是关键;(2)106Na 与116Ma、93Ma、80Ma、45Ma 火山岩之间的对比研究,表明106Ma 开始的岩石圈地幔的更新是一个漫长的不可逆转的过程。(3)通过本区火山岩的演变与相邻大洋板块同期热扩张历史的对比研究,推测晚中生代(120~80Ma)大洋与大陆岩石圈板块同步的演化特征可能反映了它们共同受到岩石圈板块之下同一深部热扰动的控制。  相似文献   

3.
太行山-大兴安岭构造岩浆带是中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动的集中区,它纵跨华北克拉通和兴蒙海西造山带两个大地构造单元,既是我国东部规模最大的北北东向深大断裂带之一,又是我国东部北北东向延伸的地壳厚度陡变带与重力异常高梯度带,因而具有十分重大的地质意义。本文针对研究区在中生代岩浆活动物质来源认识方面的不足,首次对太行山-大兴安岭整个构造岩浆带40余个代表性岩体的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学特征进行了全面系统的研究,发现不同区段(南、北太行山地区、大兴安岭中-南地区)、不同侵入期次(早、中、晚)岩石具有明显不同的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征,可以推断其岩浆源区性质各不相同:南太行山地区基-中性岩浆均来源于富集地幔储库;北太行山地区早期基-中性岩浆主要来源于富集地幔的部分熔融;中期中-酸性岩浆来源与下地壳关系密切;晚期富碱质中-酸性岩浆来源可能与下地壳、甚至中地壳物质有关;大兴安岭地区中-酸性岩浆来源与亏损地幔关系密切,可能源自与亏损地幔有联系的年轻的下地壳。由此表明,中生代华北克拉通地区岩石圈地幔为富集地幔,而兴蒙造山带地区岩石圈地幔则为亏损地幔。此外,根据岩石的Nd模式年龄,初步认为2543~1485Ma可能指示华北克拉通岩石圈地幔发生富集作用的时间,而983~540Ma则可能为大兴安岭地区地壳生长的一个重要时期。  相似文献   

4.
华北克拉通东部显生宙地幔演化   总被引:14,自引:9,他引:14  
华北克拉通东部显生宙以来的地幔可以划分为3种类型:克拉通型地幔,大陆活动带型地幔和大陆裂谷型地幔。1 700 Ma—古生代末,地幔属于克拉通型:ε(Nd,t)值高于-5,为弱富集型;层圈相互作用以幔源的熔体和/或流体与古老的岩石圈地幔的作用为主,但规模较小,范围局部。100 Ma以前的中生代地幔属于“大陆活动带型”:ε(Nd,t)值低,在-5以下,为富集型;地幔中含有地壳的组分,层圈相互作用以下地壳与弱化的岩石圈地幔之间的作用为主;发生的时间为190~100 Ma,高峰期在130 Ma左右;发生的部位邻近莫霍面,导源的岩浆多为钙碱性系列,部位浅,活动范围广泛。100 Ma至新生代,地幔属于“大陆裂谷型”:为亏损型的软流圈地幔,ε(Nd,t)值高,几乎均为正值。层圈相互作用转变为软流圈岩石圈地幔之间的作用,转变的时间具有约40 Ma的过渡时期,前锋开始于100~109 Ma,导源的岩浆大致沿NWW和NEE向的大型断裂带分布。进一步证实了软流圈地幔上隆的不均匀性和主动性。  相似文献   

5.
贺娟  王启宇  闫国川 《地球科学》2018,43(8):2586-2599
前人对金沙江-红河构造带上的煌斑岩研究工作主要集中在南段哀牢山地区.对构造带中段鲁甸地区新发现的煌斑岩脉进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学研究.结果表明,煌斑岩形成时代为始新世末期,与滇西新生代富碱斑岩高峰期一致.鲁甸煌斑岩具有高钾、富碱、高Mg#,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE,尤其是Ta-Nb-Ti)的特征.其岩浆源区为受俯冲流体和熔体交代的岩石圈地幔,源区组分为含金云母的尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩.结合同期的镁铁质火山岩和富碱斑岩研究成果,滇西区域的岩石圈地幔富集过程可能为元古宙时期与罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合相关的俯冲作用.始新世时期,在印度和亚洲大陆碰撞过程中,金沙江-红河构造带的富集岩石圈地幔发生拆沉或对流减薄,软流圈物质上涌,引发富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融,形成本期煌斑岩岩浆作用.   相似文献   

6.
茹艳娇 《地质与资源》2010,19(4):311-314,329
结合前人研究成果,总结了大陆岩石圈地幔的研究方法和研究对象,并对研究方法及研究对象作了评述.Griffin等将岩石圈地幔分为Archon、Proton、Tecton三类.Archon大陆岩石圈地幔相对原始地幔来说是强烈亏损的;大多数Tecton相对于原始地幔是适度亏损的;而Proton的组成在Archon和Tecton大陆岩石圈地幔2个端元之间.总体上看,古老岩石圈地幔亏损程度最大,而年轻岩石圈地幔相对古老岩石圈富集.富集过程主要与地幔交代作用有关.从交代作用的表现形式、交代剂的性质与来源方面,通过研究地幔捕虏体/捕掳晶,可以很好地认识岩石圈地幔的富集过程.  相似文献   

7.
青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40~30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30~24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25~12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40~28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35~34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30~24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。  相似文献   

8.
采用全岩K-Ar法获得山东省胶莱盆地诸城玄武岩的形成年龄为76M,胶州玄武岩的形成年龄为72Ma,代表了发生在晚白垩世的地幔岩浆事件,但两地岩浆产物具有不同的地球化学性质。诸城玄武岩主要为粗面玄武岩,富集轻稀土元素(LREE),微量元素组成类似于洋岛玄武岩(OIB),(^87Sr/^86Sr)t=0.7060-0.7080,εNd(t)=-3.0--5.1,介于洋岛玄武岩和中生代富集的岩石圈地幔之间,表明软流圈来源的岩浆中混入了富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆,是软流圈地幔与岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。胶州玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,比诸城玄武岩更富集轻稀土元素,微量元素组成类似于诸城玄武岩,但Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素不显示亏损,Sr-Nd同位素组成也存在明显差别,(^87Sr/^86Sr)t=0、70350-0.70355,εNd(t)=5.4-5.8,与山东省新生代火山岩的地球化学特征类似,类似于洋岛玄武岩(OIB),表明岩浆起源于亏损的软流圈地幔。研究显示出晚白垩世以来胶莱盆地软流圈地幔不均匀上涌和逐渐成为玄武岩浆主要源区的趋势。  相似文献   

9.
华北东部橄榄岩岩石化学特征及其岩石圈地幔演化意义   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7  
华北东部古生代以来火山岩中捕虏体橄榄岩和苏鲁早中生代构造侵位橄榄岩的岩石化学结果表明:古生代金伯利岩侵位时仍然存在的难熔、漂浮克拉通地幔在中、新生代时其大部被新生饱满的岩石圈地幔物质取代置换.在100 Ma前 (但不早于178 Ma),新生软流圈物质就已开始沿古老岩石圈内的地幔薄弱带和岩石圈深断裂带对克拉通地幔进行侵蚀、交代和混合作用,引起岩石圈大幅减薄.这一减薄存在时间、空间的不均匀性,但在老第三纪达最大.新第三纪以来,上涌的软流圈物质由于温度下降回落(岩石圈小幅增厚)并转化为新生岩石圈地幔,实现地幔置换过程.分析的苏鲁造山带橄榄岩是早中生代构造侵位改造过的古老岩石圈地幔物质.  相似文献   

10.
张旗  彭兴阶 《岩石学报》1996,12(1):17-28
滇西古特提斯造山带威尔逊旋回的岩浆活动记录保存在昌宁-孟连带和金沙江-哀牢山带及其周围地区。在大陆拉张阶段,思茅地块之下的大陆岩石圈地幔是明显亏损的,指示它已经历过一次或几次部分熔融事件。洋盆阶段的MORB源于强烈亏损的大洋岩石圈地幔源区,但与地幔柱发生广泛的混合作用,与现代印度洋脊下的大洋岩石圈地幔相似。从俯冲阶段到碰撞阶段,大陆地幔则变得越来越富集。文中还讨论了滇西古特提斯大陆岩石圈地幔和大洋岩石圈地幔的性质以及大陆岩石圈地幔转化为大洋岩石圈地幔的过程,推测板块扩张的起因可能与下地幔的活动有关。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

16.
China, as many other parts of the world, has a serious shortage of water resources. In China, there is a total amount of 2.8×10^12 m3 of freshwater, but that is only 2000 m3 per capita, which is about one quarter of the world average. Thereforc, seawater desalination engineering is of great significance to the nation.  相似文献   

17.
正Dear Authors and Readers:First of all,on behalf of the new Editorial Board,I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal.This journal,founded in 1922,is the oldest geological journal in China.As the flagship journal of the  相似文献   

18.
正The Wulashan-Hademengou gold ore district in Baotou city,Inner Mongolia,is a further newly discovered super-large gold metallogenic belt in northern China.The accumulated proven gold metal amount is 84.46 t,with an average grade of3.53 g/t and a gold metal amount of 63.16 t,with an average grade of 3.30 g/t.The potential reserves are over 100 t.  相似文献   

19.
正Since the first discovery of the excellent performance of nickel-bearing iron alloys in 1889,scientists have developed3000 more kinds of nickel alloys,which still have an enormous market demand at present.However,the scarcity of global nickel ore resources has restricted economic development.In recent years,experts from the Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources have studied the comprehensive utilization technique of low-grade nickel ores from  相似文献   

20.
正Professor Shu received his undergraduate training in Paleontology at Peking(Beijing)University in1964–1969,obtaining his Master's degree at Northwest University(Xi’an)and Ph.D.in China University of Geosciences(Beijing);he was Visiting Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution,Washington,D.C.,USA in 1988,Humboldt Research Fellow at University of Bonn in 1988–1989,at University of Wuerzburg,Germany in 1994–1995,and Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University,UK  相似文献   

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