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1.
通过对银川盆地北部重点井CK1孔（深300．39m)沉积物进行的系统的孢粉分析，探讨了银川盆地中更新世以来的植被演替和气候变化，区域孢粉组合特征清楚地反映了银川盆地900ka B.P.以来古植被经历了11个发展演替阶段；针阔混交林－灌丛草原→针阔混交林－灌木草原→疏林灌木草原→针阔混交林－草原→疏林灌木草原→针叶林－草原→暗针叶林为主的针叶林－草原→灌木草原→针阔混交林－灌丛草原→荒漠草原，与古植被发展演替阶段相应的气候环境经过了温湿→凉湿→温和→冷湿→温干→凉较湿→冷湿→温干→凉润→温较干→温干的变化。 相似文献
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为重建东北地区中-晚始新世古气候,对抚顺盆地孢粉进行传统鉴定,利用有序聚类分析划分孢粉组合,结合共存分析法对孢粉组合定量化以建立研究区的古气候参数值.鉴定出孢粉67属,划分出（Ⅰ）Quercoidites- Tricolpopollenites- Betulaceoipollenites组合;（Ⅱ）Piceapollis-Tiliaepollenites-Chenopodipollis组合;（Ⅲ）Quercoidites-Betulaceoipollenites-Ulmipollenites组合;（Ⅳ）Pinuspollenites-Abietineaepollenites-Ephedripites组合;（Ⅴ）Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Quercoidites组合,其中组合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ时代为中始新世;组合Ⅳ、Ⅴ时代为晚始新世.植被类型也经历了:落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针阔叶混交林-草原型植被→落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针叶林→针阔叶混交林的转变.气候带经历了由亚热带、亚热带-温带湿润性气候向温带半湿润性气候的转变,年均温和年降雨量均呈降低的趋势,这些变化趋势与全球温度变化趋势相耦合. 相似文献
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织金洞扫尾豪猪粪堆积层的孢粉组合及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对贵州织金洞扫尾豪猪粪堆积层孢粉组合分析研究及＾１４Ｃ年龄测定，明显地反映出织金洞地区近６７１０±１３０ａ来的古植被和古气候均属北亚热带的植被面貌及气候特征。划分出的四个孢粉带所反映的植被演替过程为：松占优势，混有桦、栋常绿阔叶的针叶林→松占优势，含五加，栋和山核桃的针叶阔叶混交林→松占优势，栋、五加和桦增多的针叶阔叶混交林→松为主，混有胡桃、五加和榆藻叶阔叶的针叶林；相应的气候变化是：温和偏 相似文献
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柴达木盆地发育了一套完整的古近纪—新近纪河湖相沉积地层,选择在其北缘大红沟剖面采集沉积物样品进行孢粉鉴定分析。根据孢粉组合特征划分出14个孢粉组合带,揭示了该地区古近纪到新近纪的植被、气候变化历史。结果显示:该地区古近纪—新近纪植被代表一种北亚热带常绿阔叶林→暖温带、温带落叶阔叶针叶林→温带针阔叶混交林→山体针叶林→干旱草原荒漠的植被生态景观演变过程。通过对柴达木盆地大红沟剖面植被面貌分析,推断古近纪—新近纪期间研究区气候存在多次冷暖干湿变化,呈现出由暖湿向冷干发展的趋势。11~9 Ma低温干燥的特征与中新世中期全球气候适宜期趋势不一致,可能是盆地构造运动导致的区域特殊性。 相似文献
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为恢复鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区早—中侏罗世古气候,重建古环境,对宁东2井进行孢粉分析和黏土矿物测试,建立孢粉组合、孢粉谱。延安组下部为Inaperturopollenites- Psophosphaera- Protopinus组合,地质年代为早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期;延安组上部为Cyathidites- Deltoidospora- Cycadopites组合,地质年代为中侏罗世早期,下/中侏罗统界线位于钻孔2144. 5~2153. 0 m之间。据孢粉谱建立的古气候和古植被得出,早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期为暖温带半湿润型气候,植被类型为针叶林,中侏罗世早期总体为亚热带湿润型,植被面貌有早期的针阔叶混交林- 草丛型向晚期的针叶林- 稀草型转变。两组合总体上反映的早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期至中侏罗世早期湿度由半湿润向湿润转变,温度由低向高转变,孢粉谱所指示的气候变化趋势与黏土矿物指标所反映的气候变化趋势一致。气候的转变对该地区聚煤作用有着明显的促进作用。 相似文献
6.
通过甘肃疏勒河冲积扇九道沟下游剖面(JDG)沉积物系统的孢粉分析,探讨了这一极干旱区全新世植被和气候环境演化.约4.3 m厚沉积剖面的孢粉组合特征清楚地反映了研究区全新世植被经历了6个发展演替阶段,从老而新依次为:针叶林为主的针阔混交林-灌丛草原;灌丛草原;疏林灌木草原;针叶树为主的针阔混交林-灌丛草原;草原植被;针叶林-灌木草原.与植被发展演替相对应的气候环境经历了凉较湿→温干→暖湿→温较湿→温干→凉较湿的变化.这些结果对于了解该地区全新世气候演化以及中国西北干旱区未来环境预测方面都具有重要意义. 相似文献
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西藏札达盆地托林剖面孢粉组合特征及其古气候意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
西藏札达盆地托林剖面的孢粉分析显示，该地区在5．4-5．05MaBP时期，气候环境由温凉干旱转变为温暖稍湿，植被相应地经历了疏林草原植被-森林草原植被的演变过程；到了5．05-4．40MaBP时期，转变为温暖潮湿的气候。植被亦相应地经历了由森林草原-暖温带针阔叶混交林-亚热带针阔叶混交林的演变过程。总地来说，当时该地区的植被是乔木植物（松属）和草本植物（蒿属、藜科）占主导地位，气候总体表现为温暖湿润。 相似文献
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The present study tests the usefulness of SoLIM software and GIS techniques for the reconstruction of large vegetation formations from the mid-Holocene period in Romania. We used current reference climate data (temperature, precipitation) and the current extent of ecological regions in Romania to derive climate optimality functions for each vegetation formation. The optimality functions were used to simulate current and past distributions of vegetation. The results showed that the current and mid-Holocene simulated spatial distributions of vegetation are quite similar. Changes were found for about 14% of the Romanian territory (33 946 km2), the most important being the retreat of coniferous forests in favor of mixed forests and of mixed forests in favor of forest steppe. The former is validated by previous pollen-based studies showing the transition from coniferous forests to mixed forests that occurred in several areas of the country after the mid-Holocene. The study demonstrates the potential of this methodological approach to reconstruct past vegetation formations, and at the same time that it is a straightforward and expert knowledge-based method. Although our application uses only climate factors, the results can be further refined by incorporating additional drivers (soil and landform information, site-specific pollen and fossil data, wildfire data) for a more accurate inference of paleovegetation. 相似文献
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Vegetation and climate during the last glacial maximum in Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matsuo Tsukada 《Quaternary Research》1983,19(2):212-235
The Japanese Archipelago was almost entirely covered by coniferous forests during the last glacial maximum. Northern Hokkaido was distinguished by coniferous parkland and tundra vegetation, while southern Hokkaido and northernmost Honshu were covered by northern boreal coniferous forests consisting mainly of Picea jezoensis, Picea glehnii, Abies sachalinensis, and Larix gmelinii; Tsuga was missing from the forest. More diverse boreal forests including species from Sakhalin and northern Japan grew together in northeastern Honshu. Central Honshu and the mountains of southwestern Japan supported subalpine coniferous forests which are now mainly restricted in distribution to the central mountains. Temperate coniferous forests (Picea polita, Abies firma, and Tsuga sieboldii) existed principally in the modern mid-temperate and evergreen laurel-oak forest regions. Haploxylon pine and tree birch were also abundant in the boreal and cool-temperate zones, as was Diploxylon in the southern temperate zone. Significant populations of Fagus were found along the Pacific coasts of Kyushu and Shikoku, but they were too small to be defined as a beech forest zone. Quercetum mixtum (Quercus, Ulmus, and Tilia) was more common in the coastal lowlands of southwestern Japan than those of northeastern Honshu; it was completely eliminated from Hokkaido. The reduced mean August temperature inferred from the floral assemblages showed a latitudinal gradient 20,000 yr ago; it was 8–9°C in northern Hokkaido, 7.7–8.7°C in northernmost Honshu, 7.2–8.4°C in the central mountains, 6.5°C in the Chugoku District, and 5–6°C in Kyushu. The probable annual precipitation ranged from 1050 to 1300 mm along coasts in southwestern Japan during the culmination of the last glaciation. 相似文献
14.
Ccile C. Remy Dominic Senici Han Y. H. Chen Yves Bergeron Martin Lavoie Laure Paradis Adam A. Ali 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):509-518
Mixed‐wood boreal forests are characterized by a heterogeneous landscape dominated by coniferous or deciduous species depending on stand moisture and fire activity. Our study highlights the long‐term drivers of these differences between landscapes across mixed‐wood boreal forests to improve simulated vegetation dynamics under predicted climate changes. We investigate the effects of main climate trends and wildfire activities on the vegetation dynamics of two areas characterized by different stand moisture regimes during the last 9000 years. We performed paleofire and pollen analyses in the mixed‐wood boreal forest of north‐western Ontario, derived from lacustrine sediment deposits, to reconstruct historical vegetation dynamics, which encompassed both the Holocene climatic optimum (ca. 8000–4000 a bp ) and the Neoglacial period (ca. 4000 a bp ). The past warm and dry period (Holocene climatic optimum) promoted higher fire activity that resulted in an increase in coniferous species abundance in the xeric area. The predicted warmer climate and an increase in drought events should lead to a coniferization of the xeric areas affected by high fire activity while the mesic areas may retain a higher broadleaf abundance, as these areas are not prone to an increase in fire activity. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Cindy Q. Tang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(1):22-32
This paper integrates studies on the natural subtropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs) and secondary succession
of the forests and plantations in Yunnan, to provide a basis for evaluating the sustainability of the forests in the mountain
ecosystems of Yunnan, China. The EBLFs include mid-montane moist, monsoon, and semi-humid categories. The monsoon EBLF yielded
the highest indices of the Shannon-Wiener H, Equitability J, Simpson D and Fisher’s alpha, followed by the mid-montane moist
EBLF, then by the semi-humid forest. Since human uses have varied widely, the plant communities ranged from pioneer deciduous
broad-leaved and/or pioneer coniferous stands to late-successional evergreen broad-leaved stands. The secondary succession
pathways were from pioneer deciduous stands of Alnus accompanied by stands of pioneer coniferous Pinus and Keteleeria, through broad-leaved and coniferous mixed stands, to late-successional evergreen broad-leaved forests of Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis. In Yunnan, the EBLF is commonly replaced by plantations of exotic fast-growing Eucalyptus to produce industrial wood, oil, pulp and fuel. The result has been reduced plant diversity, and great loss of soil nutrients
by erosion and runoff, as compared to the EBLF. Seventy-six plant species in the area have been ranked as critically endangered,
endangered, or vulnerable. Their condition is seen as largely attributable to habitat loss or degradation. A clear understanding
of ecological features and succession pathways of the EBLF can lead to more effective conservation and management of these
fragile forests and the mountain ecosystems. 相似文献
16.
云南西部羊邑和龙陵地区晚上新世孢粉组合均以被子植物占优势，蕨类和裸子植物次之，藻类类群少。龙陵孢粉组合比羊邑孢粉组合含有更丰富的亚热带被子植物成分；裸子植物类群相对较少；蕨类类群较多，但孢子含量低。与研究地区现生植被对比研究的结果显示羊邑孢粉组合的大部分类群来自常绿针阔叶混交林，现在分布于羊邑地区海拔2800-3100m的地带，其余部分来自海拔3200m以上的云冷杉林；而龙陵孢粉组合的大部分类群来自山地湿润常绿阔叶林，分布于今日龙陵地区海拔1600-2500m的地带，其余部分来自海拔2300-2900m的常绿针阔叶混交林。这些云南西部晚上新世植被反映了湿润的亚热带山地立体气候。 相似文献
17.
Donald R. Whitehead 《Quaternary Research》1979,12(3):333-357
A pollen analytical investigation of the sediments of Berry Pond, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, has demonstrated a sequence of pollen assemblage zones similar to those detected elsewhere in New England. From about 13,000 to 12,000 yr B.P. the vegetation of the region was treeless, probably tundra. By 11,500 yr tundra had been replaced by open boreal forest. Closed boreal forest became dominant by 10,500 yr. Boreal forests were replaced by mixed coniferous and deciduous forests with much white pine about 9600 yr ago. A “northern hardwoods” complex with much hemlock, beech, and sugar maple succeeded the mixed forests 8600 yr ago. Hemlock declined very rapidly approximately 4800 yr ago and was replaced by birch, oak, beech, ash, and red maple. This decline may have been biologically rather than climatically induced. There is a slight maximum of pine (much of it pitch pine) from 4100 to 2600 yr ago, perhaps indicative of warmer and/or drier conditions. There were slight changes in the forests about 1600 yr ago as chestnut immigrated and spruce and larch increased slightly. European land clearance and subsequent land abandonment are detectable in the uppermost levels. 相似文献
18.
Soil carbon accumulation after open-cast coal and oil shale mining in Northern Hemisphere: a quantitative review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Meta-analysis and other statistical methods were used to evaluate how changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content in post-mining soils are related to different factors; the data were obtained from 17 studies covering 93 temperate post-mining sites in the Northern Hemisphere that had been revegetated by forest or grassland either by reclamation or natural succession. Because many studies have failed to report any measures of variance, only part of the data were used for meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, the rate of SOC accumulation was unrelated to vegetation type. In a separate analysis that included all available data and in which rates of SOC accumulation at each site were used as individual entries, the rate of SOC accumulation differed depending on the age of the site and vegetation type. Under deciduous forests, the rate reached a maximum after 5–10 years and then decreased. Under coniferous forests, the initial SOC values were lower than under deciduous forests, but slowly increased with age and reached a maximum after 30–40 years. No significant temporal trend was found in grasslands, probably because the data set included only relatively young grassland sites. Based on data from sites younger than 30 years, sites with grasslands and deciduous forests accumulated SOC faster than sites with coniferous forests. The rate of accumulation was negatively correlated with temperature under coniferous forests, but positively correlated with temperature in grasslands. This suggests that carbon sequestration is favored by cold climates in coniferous forests, but by warm climates in grasslands. Deciduous forests were intermediate. Compared to conifers, deciduous trees may support SOC sequestration deeper in the soil profile, which may enhance SOC stability. A large proportion of post-mining sites reach the pre-mining SOC stock within 20 years or less after reclamation. 相似文献
19.
淄博地区上新世巴漏河组的发现及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上新世巴漏河组在淄博地区的发现填补了该地区上新统的空白。阐述了巴漏河组的空间展布特征及其对新构造运动的指示意义 ;综合运用沉积岩相分析、孢粉分析、岩石化学分析等方法对巴漏河组剖面进行了系统研究 ,分析了其成因及形成时代 ,重建了淄博地区上新世晚期的沉积、生态及气候等古地理环境。认为巴漏河组是在上新世晚期由河流搬运堆积形成 ,在其沉积过程中 ,淄博地区的植被由针阔混交林演替为以松为主的针叶林 ,气候由暖湿的暖温带气候向冷湿气候变迁 ,并呈现出进一步干冷化的趋势 相似文献
20.
青藏高原向东挤出的变形响应及南北地震带构造组成 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
受青藏高原物质在南北挤压下向东逸出的影响 ,四川地块、鄂尔多斯地块、川滇地块和滇西地块均发生了不同性质的变形响应。根据航磁异常揭示的四川、鄂尔多斯盆地基底构造样式和滇西地区的地质构造研究结果 ,在主要由变质褶皱基底组成的四川地块发生平行龙门山断层的逆冲推覆 ,基底岩石发生递进褶皱缩短的同时 ,由华北变质结晶基底组成的鄂尔多斯地块在前期逆冲推覆构造的基础上 ,结晶基底沿一系列近东西向左行走滑断层向东错移。滇西和川滇地块则分别沿金沙江—红河断裂 (2 0Ma前后 )和鲜水河—小江断裂 (5Ma前后 )发生了大规模的左行位移。发生在滇西、川滇、四川和鄂尔多斯地块上的最新构造变动叠加或改造了先存构造 ,并且表现为从南向北、由盖层向基底发展的趋势 ,变形程度自西向东减弱 ,反映了青藏高原持续同构造伸展作用的边缘和远程效应。青藏高原东缘多层次、多阶段的现今构造变动引发的地震活动组成了宏观的南北地震带。 相似文献