首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by modified fly ash   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by modified fly ash was studied in batch model. The influences of the contact time, the initial F^- concentration, the dosage of fly ash, and the temperature on removal of F have been studied, respectively. It was found that fly ash modified with dilute HCl has the maximum adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions, and that the retention of fluoride ions by material was 85% or higher with initial 10 mg F^-/L. First-order kinetics was observed for the adsorption process, which follows the Langrnuir and Freundlich isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0 were calculated from Langmuir constants. The positive value of ΔH0 （1.273 J/mol） confirms the endothermic nature of adsorption.  相似文献   

2.
Fractal-like adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The adsorption kinetics of Pb^2＋ in rocks has been studied using ion selective electrodes and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the adsorption process is a fractal-like reaction. The adsorption rate was relatively high before 30 minutes, and then dropped. The saturated adsorption capacity （a） of Pb^2＋ and kinetic parameters （b, a, D and k） increased with increasing initial concentrations of Pb^2＋. These parameters （except a） decreased while Na^＋ was present in the solution. Furthermore, the smaller the rocks were in grain size, the bigger these kinetic parameters would be, though the parameter a was almost constant.  相似文献   

3.
The Daqing oilfield is one of the biggest oilfields in the world. It has been exploited for several decades, which brings serious pollution to local natural environment. The crude oil on ground which is produced in the process of oil production contains various organic pollutants. The petroleum pollutants tend to adsorb, desorb, biodegrade and photolyze and so on in the soil, but adsorption/desorption is a pair of extremely important environment geochemistry behavior. In order to master the rule of petroleum pollutants migration and transformation in the soil environment, and provide scientific evidence for the prevent research project on petroleum pollution treatment in the Daqing oilfield, the chemozem was selected as the experimental sample, which is a kind of representative soil in the Daqing oilfield. The factors affecting adsorbent and desorption＇s characteristics were discussed, including pH of the soil, the concentrations of suspended particulates and temperature. The oscillation-equity was used in the experiment. The mechanism and dynamics process of the adsorption/desorption were researched. The results showed that adsorbing of the petroleum pollutants on the chemozem sediment is a kind of physical adsorption phenomenon. The adsorption function comes from the hydrophobic and sticky character of the petroleum its self. The velocity of adsorption and desorption is almost equivalent, both concentrations of water in the soil are close to the balance in two hours, thus they achieve homeostasis in three hours. The process of adsorption of the petroleum pollutants responses to Herry isothermal model, with increasing pH, concentration of suspended particulates and temperature, the quantity of adsorption show a descending trend. However, desorption is a contrary course of adsorption in the experiment. Due to various influenced phenomena reflect that the soil in the Daqing oilfield has factors, the quantity of desorption shows an ascending trend. These strong adsorption ability to petroleum pollutants.  相似文献   

4.
Removal of Lead,Copper, Zinc and Cadmium from Water Using Phosphate Rock   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Removal of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock （FAP） was investigated. The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method. The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%. The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate. The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from polluted waters.  相似文献   

5.
Aluminum organic coprecipitates play important roles in the transport of oxyanions in soil environment.A new polynuclear aluminum organomineral precipitate(Al13-oxalate precipitate) was prepared to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenate and phosphate on noncrystalline aluminum precipitates.Important thermodynamic parameters for adsorption reaction were evaluated using macroscopic adsorption data and equations.The result showed that,the adsorption reaction basically is a diffusion process.FTIR spectroscopic studies have provided evidence for the formation of two different types of complexes in substrate,protonated bidentate and deprotonated bidentate complexes at pH 4 and pH≥6,respectively.The classic competitive adsorption and XPS studies both indicated that phosphate has stronger chemical interaction with substrate than arsenate.The findings of XPS studies revealed that the precipitate substrate can act as Lewis acid when adsorbing oxyanions.  相似文献   

6.
Heavy Metal Removal from Water by Adsorption Using Pillared Montmorillonite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Removal of Cu^2＋, Cr^3＋ and Cd^2＋ from aqueous solutions by adsorption on montmorillonite modified by sodium dodecylsulfate （SDS） and hydroxy-alumino-silicate （HAS） was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, solute concentration, and time. The Langmuir model was adopted to describe the single-solute adsorption isotherm, in which the Langmuir parameters were directly taken from those obtained in single-solute systems. The kinetics of metal ions adsorption was examined and the pseudo-first-order rate constant was finally evaluated.  相似文献   

7.
Sewage sludge ash (SSA), the waste generated in sewage sludge incineration, was obtained from Wuhan Sewage Treatment Plant and used as a low-cost sorbent for removing Cu (Ⅱ) from wastewaters. The sorbent was first modified with 5 % sulfuric acid to increase its sorption capacity. The specific surface area, porosity, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and pHzzc of the sorbent were measured. Batch experiments were made to study the effect of contact time, solution pH value and temperature on sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the Cu (Ⅱ) sorption process,with correlation coefficient (R2 ) values of 0. 993 4 and 0.9899 respectively. And the sorption process follows the Lagergren first order kinetic model. The equilibrium sorption capacity of acidified SSA to Cu(Ⅱ) is estimated to be 7.78 mg/g under optimal conditions.  相似文献   

8.
Removal of Lead, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium from Water Using Phosphate Rock   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Removal of Pb2 ,Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 )and Cd~(2 )from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock(FAP)was investigated.The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method.The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%.The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu>Pb>Cd>Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate.The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb~(2 ),Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 )and Cd~(2 )from polluted waters.  相似文献   

9.
A new adsorption process for the removal of As（V） ion from aqueous solutions is studied in this paper using lanthanum-loaded zeolite. The removal efficiency of different adsorbents, activated alumina and activated carbon are obtained in the study for comparison. The results show that lanthanum-loaded zeolite is an effective adsorbent for the removal of As（V） from aqueous solutions. Then, the pH effect and regeneration of modified zeolite on the As（V） removing efficiency are also assessed. It functions with a wide range of pH （2-8）. After adsorption, zeolite adsorbed with As（V） ions can be regenerated successfully with 1 M NaOH. Based on the data obtained, an adsorption mechanism and the possible complex structure are tentatively presented. Compare to other adsorbents, easy availability of this adsorbent, excellent adsorption capacity, wide optimum pH range, and regeneration are expected to be utilized in practical operations.  相似文献   

10.
Grignard regents have been applied extensively in chemical industry, especially in pharmacy. A mass of bromide-containing wastewater was produced after reaction, and ozonation of these organic contaminants can produce bromate and other brominated pollutants. The US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） has established a maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L for bromate in finished water. Therefore, it is necessary and significant to remove the DBP （disinfection by-products） precursor - bromide. On the other hand, since the bromine is a valuable element, recovery of it from wastewater is significant. Bromide removal is important to control DBP （disinfection by-products） contaminant and an ion exchange process is one of several treatment processes for this purpose. Layered double hydroxides （LDHs） are useful as adsorbents for bromide removal because of theft ion exchange properties. In this study, the adsorption properties of LDHs for bromide and the method of regeneration of this material were examined. It has been found that the LDHs with Mg/Al molar ratio of 2 represented the highest capacity to remove bromide ion from aqueous solution at pH 6.0. The equilibrium isotherms of uptake of bromide by CLDH were well fitted by the Langmuir equation. Bromide adsorbed on the LDHs was effectively desorbed at 30% Na2CO3 solution and the LDHs were regenerated at the same time. The regenerated LDHs could be reused repeatedly for the bromide removal. Bromide in the exhausted desorption solution was recovered as bromine by oxidation using Cl2.  相似文献   

11.
Seasonal variations of adsorption/desorption equilibrium were investigated by collecting overlying water and seasonal sediment from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. At the same time, seasonal variations of TP and P fractions＇ concentrations in the initial and end of adsorption experiment were also carried out. In addition, the effects of temperature on the P translocation process were also conducted and discussed. The following conclusions were obtained： The sequence of adsorption/desorption equilibrium concentrations of P at water-sediment interface was spring〈winter〈autumn. In sediment the concentrations of TP decline. Concentration P decreased with temperature.  相似文献   

12.
Amorphous aluminophosphate(AlP) and metal-aluminophosphates(MAlPs, where M = 2.5 mol%Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ce, or Zr) were prepared by coprecipitation method. Their surface properties and catalytic activity for the synthesis of jasminaldehyde through the aldol condensation of nheptanal and benzaldehyde were investigated. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the microporosity exhibited by the aluminophosphate was changed to a mesoporous and macroporous structure which depended on the metal incorporated, with a concomitant change in the surface area. Temperature-programmed desorption of NHand COrevealed that the materials possessed both acidic and basic sites. The acidic strength of the material was either increased or decreased depending on the nature of the metal. The basicity was increased compared to AlP. All the materials were X-ray amorphous and powder X-ray diffraction studies indicated the absence of metal oxide phases. The Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of phosphate groups and also the absence of any M-O moieties in the materials. The selected organic reaction occurred only in the presence of the AlP and MAlPs. The selectivity for the jasminaldehyde product was up to 75% with a yield of 65%. The best conversion of nheptanal with a high selectivity to jasminaldehyde was obtained with FeAlP as the catalyst, and this material was characterized to have less weak acid sites and more basic sites.  相似文献   

13.
Degradation of organic halides by reductive dehalogenation promoted by zerovalent metals is a very active research area. The use of nano-sized particles of zero valent iron （ZVI） or bimetallic combinations of ZVI currently attracts the most attention due to their high surface areas and high reactive activity. The introduction of second catalytic metals, such as Pd, Pt, Cu, or Ni, results in an even higher dehalogenation rate. The supported zero-valent iron materials have higher activity and greater flexibility for environmental remediation applications than other forms of ZVI. Nano ZVI supported on micro-scale exfoliated graphite was prepared by using KBH4 as the reducing agent in the H2O/ethanol solution of Fe^2＋ in the laboratory. Then the ethanol solution of Cu^2＋ was added to the fleshly prepared wet supported nano ZVI. The Fe/Cu bimetallic particles supported on the graphite were obtained because of the reduction and deposition of Cu on the Fe surface. The TEM image showed that iron particles were highly dispersed on the surface of graphite. In this study, supported zero valent Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were used for the dehalogenation of trichloroethylene （TCE） in batch experiments. The dechlorination rate of supported zero valent Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles was greater than the supported nano ZVI. Supported Cu/Fe bimetal with 4 wt% Cu had the fastest dehalogenation rate than that with different content of Cu. When the nana FeO dosage was 5 g/L in the dehalogention system, 8 mg/L of TCE was completely dechlorinated within 4 hours. Increasing or decreasing the FeO dosage, the dechlorination rate could be worse. When the concentration of Fe^2＋ was 0.05 mol/L during the preparation by KBH4 reduction, the nano Cu/Fe particles exhibited the spheral shape with 50-80 nm in size. When the concentration of Fe^2＋ was higher （0.2 mol/L）, the nano particles were the palpus structure and had the poor dehalogenation effect on the TCE.  相似文献   

14.
Phosphate is one of the important nutrients for plant growth. In acidic and highly weathered soils, phosphate is ready to adsorb on Al and Fe oxides and transform into sparsely soluble Fe-P and Al-P solid phases, greatly reducing phosphate bioavailability. Aluminum and iron oxides in soils are important sinks for both phosphate and fluoride. In acidic soils, fluoride adsorption can dramatically facilitate dissolution of Al- and Fe-containing phases, which may influence the distribution and migration of both pollutants and nutrients including phosphate. To date, little information is available on mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate in fluoride-contaminated acidic soils. The objective of this study is to evaluate mutual effects of fluoride and phosphate on their adsorption/desorption in red soil, collected fi＇om Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China, using a batch equilibrium method. The following results and conclusions were obtained. In heavily fluoride-contaminated soils, the adsorption of both fluoride and phosphate decreases with an increase in solution pH. Phosphate adsorption decreases progressively with increasing concentration of fluoride, suggesting that fluoride competes with phosphate for adsorption sites.  相似文献   

15.
Goethite, especially biogenic goethite, has high specific surface area and great capacity for the adsorption of many contaminants including metal ions and organic chelates. Chromium is a redox actively toxic metal ion that exists as either Cr^Ⅲ or Cr^Ⅵ in nature, and as such it is essential to understand its behavior of adsorption on natural goethite mineralized by iron bacteria, as Gallionella and Leptothrix in water body. The adsorption of Cr^3＋ and Cr^Ⅵ on naturally biomineralized goethite is studied in this paper. The results show that both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal models are able to accurately describe the adsorption of these two ions. Investigation of SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS indicates that the two ions do not adsorb homogeneously on goethite owing to the different microstructures of goethite, and that the microspherical goethite has a greater adsorption capacity for chromium ions than the helical one. XPS data show that redox reaction of chromium on the surface of biomineralized goethite takes place in the adsorption of both Cr^3＋ and Cr^Ⅵ. The CrvI adsorbed on biogoethite is much easier to transform into CrIII than the oxidization of Cr^Ⅲ on the bio-goethite.  相似文献   

16.
During the processes of methane adsorption and desorption, the internal structure of coal changes, accordingly leading to changes in electrical conductivity. In this paper, using low rank coal seams of the Yan’an Formation in the Dafosi field as the research subject, the relationship between coal resistivity, methane adsorption quantity, and equilibrium pressure is analyzed through proximate analysis, mercury injection tests, low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption tests, and coal resistivity measurements during methane adsorption and desorption. The results show that during the process of pressure rise and methane adsorption, the conductivity of coal increases, resulting from heat release from methane adsorption, coal matrix swelling and adsorbed water molecules replaced by methane, but the resistivity reduction gradually decreases. The relationship between coal resistivity and methane adsorption quantity and equilibrium pressure can be described by a quadratic function. During the processes of depressurization and desorption, the resistivity of coal rebounds slightly, due to decalescence of methane desorption, coal matrix shrinkage and water-gas displacement, and the relationship coincides with a linear function. Methane adsorption leads to irreversible changes in coal internal structure and enhances the coal conductivity, and resistivity cannot be restored to the initial level even after methane desorption. The resistivity and reduction rate of durain are higher than those of vitrain, with relatively greater homogeneous pore throat structure and fewer charged particles in the double electric layer. In addition, moisture can enhance the conductivity of coal and makes it change more complexly during methane adsorption and desorption.  相似文献   

17.
Tourmaline from Altai mine in China's Sinkiang was used to remove lead (II), copper (II) from aqueous solution. The results demonstrate that tourmaline contains Na(Mg,V)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4, NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4. The data show that Tourmaline from Altai mine in China's Sinkiang can be used natural adsorbent for lead (II), copper (II).It is observed that the adsorption data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, both Pb (II) and Cu (II) absorbed by tourmaline and tourmaline were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman Spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer, Transmission electron microscopy and Zeta potential.  相似文献   

18.
Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-diehlorophenol on hexadeeyhrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu2 or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu^2 significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, the concentration and spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals(PTMs), including arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and magnesium(Mg) in 23 wells and drinking groundwater distribution networks of Rafsanjan, located in southeast Iran were evaluated. Moreover, the assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation(MCS). The results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb in more than 99% and 23.46% of the study area, respectively, were higher than the maximum concentration level(10 μg/L). The mean concentration of other metals, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn in all drinking water resources was within the WHO standard level. The mean hazard quotient(HQ) for As in the age group of children was 9.246 and adults 2.972, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As in the study area. The lifetime cancer risk(LTCR) of As was 1.36 E-3 for adults and 1.52 E-2 for children, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As. The level of HQ and LTCR for Pb in both age groups was in the acceptable range. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the most effective variables were pollutant concentration and body weight(BW), respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that exposure to PTMs, especially As through drinking water in the study area can have significant effects on people’s health living in the area;therefore, it is necessary to treat and remove As from groundwater resources before drinking or using for domestic purpose.  相似文献   

20.
The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号