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《China Geology》2018,1(3):425-434
The demand for graphite resources has been increasing due to its extensive use. Graphite deposits in China are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Innner Mogolia, Sichuan, Shanxi and Shandong, characterized by “one old & one new” and “many in east & few in west”. There are mainly three genetic types, including regional metamorphic type, contact metamorphic type and hydrothermal type. Here we provide a summary of the metallogenic regularity and 15 metallogenic belts in China based on the study of the geology of national graphite deposits. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of genesis, mineral exploration and evaluation on graphite deposits, which indicate great potential for graphite resource in China. The authors suggest that the research on geochronology, ore sources, the genesis of crystalline graphite and exploration for hydrothermal graphite in China should be heightened. 相似文献
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新疆石墨资源特征及成矿规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
石墨是高新技术产业发展中不可或缺的重要战略资源。我国石墨资源虽然储量丰富,但主要集中分布于东部地区。近年来,新疆新发现黄羊山、孔可热、达布逊、吐尔库里等一批大型石墨矿床,查明资源量超过1亿吨,使新疆一跃成为我国石墨大省,有望改变我国石墨资源分布格局。根据矿床成因特征,新疆石墨矿床可以划分为以下3种类型:(1)区域变质型,主要分布于古老地块周缘元古代深变质岩系中,成矿时代集中于新元古代和早古生代;(2)接触变质型,主要分布于东准噶尔古生代造山带中,含矿岩系为泥盆-石炭纪碎屑岩,成矿时代主要为晚石炭世-早二叠世;(3)岩浆热液型,赋矿围岩为海西期(320~270Ma)碱长花岗岩,成矿时代与岩浆侵入时代一致。根据石墨矿床成因类型、控矿因素及典型矿床特征,将新疆石墨成矿区划分为2个成矿区带,6个成矿亚带,为今后新疆石墨找矿提供理论依据。 相似文献
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中国石墨矿床成矿规律概要 总被引：49，自引：2，他引：47
石墨是特殊地质作用的产物,也是新兴产业发展的重要原材料。文章通过对中国石墨矿床分布特征、矿床类型、成矿时代和矿床成因的分析与归纳,初步总结了中国石墨矿床的成矿规律,以及目前石墨矿资源存在的问题。可将中国石墨矿床根据成因分为区域变质型、接触变质型和岩浆热液型3种类型。其中,以区域变质型最重要,其主要与区域变质作用密切相关,分布在古老地台周缘的元古代地层中,分布广、规模大;接触变质型主要分布在滨太平洋构造域活动大陆边缘活动带,与加里东期、燕山期岩浆活动有关,矿体分布在岩体外接触带,品位高但规模较小;岩浆热液型石墨矿并不常见,以产于碱性花岗岩中新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床最为典型。各种类型石墨矿床的成矿物质主要来源于沉积地层中的有机质。 相似文献
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Known coal reserves in China are about 1031 billion tonnes, while the predicted resources are 3800 billion tonnes. China is currently the world's largest coal producer, with over 1 billion tonnes'production in 1990. It is not surprising to discover, therefore, that coal is not only geographically widespread in the country but also occurs in every stratigraphic interval upwards from the Devonian (and even earlier) and is found in almost every conceivable depositional setting. With seams over 200 m thick in some basins, Chinese coals offer many geological as well as mining challenges . 相似文献
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Qinling orogen is one of the five main repository distribution provinces of large scale graphite resources. Graphite occurrence strata are multitudinous including Neo Archaean group to Neopaleozoic. Mineral deposit types are complete consisting of crystal flaky graphite deposit and aphanitic graphite deposit, ore types of the former are main graphite gneiss, graphite schist and graphitized marble, and ore types of the latter are main graphite layer metamorphosised from coal bed and graphitic carbargilite. At present, most graphite deposits with low research degree only implement preliminary investigations of the graphite resource, which has a good prospect. Based on the basic material of dozens of graphite deposits, spots and plays discovered in the Qinling orogen, this paper applied geologic multidisciplinary analysis method to disclose the graphite deposit types of the Qinling orogen, mainly through outdoors geologic survey and specimen examination with analysis of some typical deposits: regional metamorphism crystal graphite deposits and thermo-contact metamorphic aphanitic graphite deposits, with the control of latitudinally trending regional tectonic, graphite deposits of the Qinling orogen distribute sublatitudinally trending three large ore belts: I the Neoarchean–Proterozoic basement crystal graphite enrichment deposits zone along the south margin of North China plate; II the Carboniferous intermountain basin group aphanitic graphite enrichment deposits zone near the Shangdan suture of the West Qinling; III Paleozoic crystal graphite enrichment deposits zone in the Qinling paleomicroplate of the west part of the East Qinling.Conclusions are reached from multiple inquiries: Qinling multi-cycle complex continental collision orogen zone has experienced multiple tectonic framework transformation and polyphase tectonic thermal event from Neo Archean Erathem adjointing multiple graphite tectonic mineralization cycle. In the light of chief control of mineralization and ore types, each of the three large graphite deposits belts of the Qinling orogen has its own genesis: I graphite deposits enriched metallogenetic zone is that regional tectogenetic movement from Neo Archaean caused polyphase metapepsis, which superimposed up and reconstructed Neo Archean Erathem to Proterozoic basement, forming regional metamorphic big flake crystal graphite deposits; II graphite deposits enriched metallogenetic zone is that polyphase regional tectogenetic movement associated with multiple heating caused by multiphase igneous intrusion, which resulted in original coal layers emerging multiple thermo-contact metamorphisms and formed thermo-contact metamorphic aphanitic graphite deposits. III graphite deposits enriched metallogenetic zone is that Palaeozoic cap–rock experienced polyphase metapepsis, forming regional metamorphic finely flake crystal graphite deposits. Comprehensive research of metallogenetic mechanism in graphite deposits and its associated profitable deposits of the Qinling orogen is importance for future exploration. 相似文献
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LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(1):199-212
Gl obal recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show: (1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy-oil basins and 32 oil-sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins. (2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs. (3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults. (4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy-oil development. 相似文献
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LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,(1):199-212
Global recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show:(1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy oil basins and 32 oil sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins.(2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs.(3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults.(4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy oil development. 相似文献
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国土资源部为了基本摸清全国重要矿产资源“家底”,为矿产资源保障能力和勘查部署决策提供依据,开展了全国重要矿产资源潜力评价项目。菱镁矿是开展的25个重要矿种之一。本项目的实施,是我国矿产资源方面的一次重要的国情调查。本次工作以成矿地质理论为指导,深入开展区域成矿规律研究;充分利用地质、物探、化探、遥感和矿产勘查等综合成矿信息,建立典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型,圈定成矿远景区和找矿靶区;充分应用现代矿产资源预测评价的理论方法和GIS评价技术,逐个评价其成矿远景区资源潜力;用地质体积等多元信息方法估算了地下2 000 m以浅的菱镁矿资源量,为科学合理地规划和部署矿产勘查工作提供依据。中国菱镁矿主要成矿时代为古元古代,成矿类型以沉积变质型为主,全国共有累计查明资源储量（矿石量）36.42亿t,主要分布于辽宁、山东和新疆。全国共圈定菱镁矿最小预测区129个,获2 000 m以浅预测资源量（矿石量）131亿t。全面总结并建立了菱镁矿典型矿床预测模型及区域预测模型,共划分菱镁矿成矿区带11个。 相似文献
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铬铁矿是我国急缺的战略矿产之一,主要来源依靠进口,由于资源储量和生产量有限,供需缺口连年加大。本文在全国重要矿产资源潜力评价数据成果基础上,对全国铬铁矿资源进行潜力预测。通过对我国铬铁矿产分布特征、成矿类型的系统分析,进行了成矿区带划分,划分出4个Ⅰ级成矿域、11个Ⅱ级成矿省和20个Ⅲ级成矿带。综合成矿规律,归纳出预测要素,建立了两种预测评价模型,分别为与超基性岩有关的侵入岩体型铬铁矿和与超基性岩有关的似层状岩浆型铬铁矿。在充分收集整理各省铬铁矿地质资料基础上,以GIS的矿产资源预测与评价为手段,开展了预测区的圈定与优选,重点筛选出3个预测资源量较大可达到500万t以上的铬铁矿三级预测区,进行了简单的资源评价,探讨铬铁矿资源潜力,提出找矿建议。评价数据显示,全国铬铁矿资源总量7 215.32万t;累计查明铬资源量共计1 565.59万t;预测铬资源量共计5 649.73万t。综合分析铬铁矿研究区已有工作成果和找矿进展,结合全国重要矿产资源潜力评价最新成果,认为在新疆萨尔托海、西藏罗布莎、甘肃大道尔吉等地区资源潜力巨大,是主要找矿方向,可作为重点找矿部署区。 相似文献
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石墨广泛应用于冶金、机械、航空、航天、电子信息、新能源汽车等领域,已成为高新技术领域中的重要原料。近年来陆续发现了内蒙古查汗木胡魯、四川南江等大型区域变质型石墨矿,尤其在新疆黄羊山地区发现了特大型岩浆岩型晶质石墨矿,为石墨成矿规律研究提供了新的方向。本文在广泛收集和研究以往石墨成果的基础上,结合野外实地调研和最新石墨勘查成果,系统总结了石墨时空分布规律、成矿地质作用,划分了石墨成矿区带。中国石墨矿矿床类型以区域变质型为主,成矿期以前寒武纪为主,其形成的石墨鳞片大,结晶程度高,经济意义大;岩浆岩型晶质石墨矿赋矿围岩为海西期碱性花岗岩,成矿时代与岩浆侵入时代一致;接触变质型石墨矿赋矿层位较集中在二叠—侏罗纪,其成矿作用与燕山期—海西期中酸性岩浆活动密切相关。稳定隆起区的大型复式褶皱构造翼部及转折端是石墨成矿有利的构造单元。初步划分了石墨成矿区带21个,提出佳木斯—兴凯(地块)石墨成矿带、华北陆块北缘中段石墨成矿带、胶北隆起石墨成矿带、准噶尔地块石墨成矿带、华北陆块南缘—秦岭等石墨成矿带较为重要。本次石墨成矿规律总结及成矿区带初步划分对指导石墨找矿勘查部署具有一定意义。 相似文献
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我国既是钴矿资源消费大国,又是钴矿资源进口大国,受新能源电动汽车工业的影响,近年来钴矿资源得到越来越多的关注.为了科学地评估我国钴矿资源潜力,指导找矿勘查部署工作,立足国内,提高我国钴矿资源的保障能力,笔者２０１９—２０２１年开展了９个重点省(自治区)的钴矿资源潜力评价工作.本文从我国钴矿床分布和地质特征角度,先以成矿地质作用为主线,厘定我国找矿预测矿床类型,包括与沉积地质作用有关的风化型、化学沉积型、砂岩型和海底喷流沉积型,与火山地质作用有关的海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型,与侵入岩浆地质作用有关的岩浆型、矽卡岩型(接触交代型)、热液脉型和斑岩型,与变质地质作用有关的沉积变质型,以及少量与大型变形地质作用有关的变质核杂岩型;进而梳理并总结了各类型钴矿有关的成矿地质体.通过分析我国钴矿的矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,综合地质、物探、化探和遥感信息等预测要素,建立找矿预测模型,并在此基础上圈定找矿远景区,估算资源量.结果表明:我国钴矿包括风化型镍钴矿、海底喷流沉积型铜钴矿、海相火山岩型铁铜钴矿、海相火山岩型块状硫化物铜锌钴矿、岩浆型铜镍钴矿和热液脉型钴矿６种主要找矿预测类型;圈定416个钴矿最小预测区,圈定64个找矿远景区,优选99个找矿靶区,提出下一步勘查建议;９个重点省(自治区)累计查明钴资源储量45.3万t,预测钴资源量约420万t. 相似文献
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中国贵金属矿床的基本成矿规律与找矿方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对近年来贵金属矿床勘查进展及其主要类型、主要成矿时代、主要矿集区等的分析与归纳,总结了中国金矿床、银矿床和铂族元素矿床的基本成矿规律,并提出它们各自的找矿方向。中国金矿床类型多,主要形成于中生代和新生代,集中在胶东、辽东、华北地台边缘、小秦岭、阿尔泰、金沙江-红河断裂带、台湾和东南沿海、滇黔桂、陕甘川及长江、黑龙江等主要水系的上游,金矿的找矿方向包括:①老矿区的"探边摸底"和"攻深找盲";②新矿集区的典型研究与采选冶技术改进;③综合利用技术的创新将使相当多的表外矿变为当前可开采的矿床;④新区勘查;⑤加强成矿系列、成矿体系和成矿规律的研究,以理论指导找矿并综合评价。中国银矿以伴生银矿为主,主要形成于中生代和新生代,变质岩、岩浆岩和沉积岩均可容矿,造山带和盆地区的构造破碎带尤其值得重视。当前需要加强对锰矿区含银性和Mn异常区的研究,尤其是中国东部中新生代盆地区断裂带与Mn、Ag化探异常吻合地区,应该综合评价。中国铂族元素矿床可以分为岩浆型、沉积型和热液型三大类,可形成于从前寒武纪到新生代的各个时代,至少构成8个重要成矿远景区(带),重点放在康滇地轴和二叠纪末期峨眉地幔柱影响到的地区,但华北地台老基底中的原生矿及其周边的砂矿不可忽视。 相似文献
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吉黑东部Au- Ag- Cu- Mo 石墨成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着地质大调查的开展,吉黑东部地区新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,使之成为我国下一步找矿的重要地区之一,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并将其命名为"吉黑东部Au-Ag-Cu-Mo-石墨成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了3个III级成矿带,初步建立了Au-Ag-Cu-Mo-石墨成矿带成矿谱系,其成矿作用具有多期次发育和多系统控制的特点,在时间演化上表现为多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特点,其中海西期与印支末期-燕山期是成矿大爆发期。研究区主要成矿类型为沉积变质型石墨铁金矿、海相火山气液型铜铅锌多金属矿、接触交代型、岩浆热液型多金属矿和岩浆型铜镍矿。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区Au、Ag、Cu、Mo、石墨潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了13个远景区,其中7个为重点远景区,6个为一般远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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硫是化学工业最重要的基本原料之一,主要用于生产化肥。我国硫矿资源工业开发利用的主要为硫铁矿和伴生硫。2007-2013年,中国地质调查局实施了全国化工矿产资源潜力评价项目,完成了全国硫矿成矿规律及预测研究,编制了相关图件,建设了数据库,取得了阶段性的成果。文章在以往研究和省级硫矿资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了全国硫矿时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带和成矿类型,建立了典型矿床和预测工作区的预测模型,最后对全国硫矿资源潜力进行了分类评价汇总。结果表明,全国共有硫矿床、矿点、矿化点共1 437处,其中硫铁矿1 418处,自然硫矿19处。成矿时代跨度为太古宙晚期-新生代,以元古宙硫矿储量最大。全国共划分为46个Ⅲ级硫矿成矿区带和17个矿集区;划分了沉积变质型、沉积型（海相、煤系）、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型、自然硫型6种预测类型和17个矿床式;梳理了6种预测类型典型硫矿床的预测要素和预测模型。全国共划分沉积变质型硫铁矿预测工作区20个,沉积型硫铁矿58个,岩浆热液型68个,海相火山岩型12个,陆相火山岩型9个,自然硫矿5个。全国共圈定硫矿3级预测区274个,其中硫铁矿268个,自然硫矿6个。全国硫铁矿硫铁矿和自然硫资源总量分别为241.35亿t和5.67亿t,其中预测资源量分别为184.57亿t和2.32亿t。根据成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征、矿石选冶性能、资源量可靠程度,文中遴选出21个硫矿优先勘查区,预测自然硫资源量2 229.3万t(S),硫铁矿50.58亿t(矿石)。该区成矿地质条件好,找矿潜力大,有一定的工作基础,已知矿床深边部等近期可优先安排勘查工作的预测区,远景好时可作为整装勘查基地。 相似文献
18.
中国磷矿基本特征及分布规律 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以地质作用为主要依据 ,将中国磷矿分为内生磷矿床、外生磷矿床和变质磷矿床三大类。中国内生磷矿主要分布在辽宁、河北、陕西、山东及黑龙江等省 ,可分为六种类型 ,其中超基性 -碱性 -碳酸盐类磷矿颇具远景。中国外生磷矿主要分布在云南、贵州、湖南、湖北、四川五省 ,它们在形成时代、大地构造、沉积环境、岩石组合类型及生物作用等方面都有某些共同的规律 ,是中国最主要的磷矿床。中国变质磷矿主要分布在中南地区的东北部、华东地区东部、华北及东北地区 ,早元古代晚期沉积变质磷矿最具代表性。中国磷矿可分为 8个成矿区 ,16个成矿带及若干个聚磷矿区。在此范围内可以圈定出不同类别的预测区。 相似文献
19.
中国萤石矿预测评价模型与资源潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国萤石矿资源较丰富,探明资源量居世界前列。我国的萤石矿研究工作主要围绕大中型萤石矿床的地质特征、物质来源、成因、区域成矿规律和少数省级萤石矿成矿远景区划、区域萤石矿资源潜力评价展开。为摸清萤石矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,亟需开展系统的、全国性的萤石矿成矿规律和资源潜力评价。依据中国萤石矿资源潜力评价报告数据和成果,文章分析了中国萤石矿矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带;在各省区建立的典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型基础上,以成矿系列理论为指导,突出总结萤石矿成矿要素和预测要素,归纳、汇总、提出了热液充填型和沉积改造型萤石矿矿床预测评价模型;以各省区圈定的最小预测区、归并的2级预测区和估算的资源量为基础,依据预测要素和区域预测模型,归并、圈定了198个3级预测区,汇总估算了全国萤石矿预测资源量,提出了中国萤石矿预测远景区。中国萤石矿资源丰富,找矿潜力大,预测资源量（CaF2）约9.5亿t,其中单一萤石矿预测资源量约4.3亿t,以热液充填型预测资源量为主。预测远景区主要分布于中国东部,四子王旗、冀北-辽西、豫南、皖南-浙西、浙中、闽北-粤东等地区成矿条件好,资源潜力大,是萤石矿预测资源量较大的地区。 相似文献
20.
豫西Au- Mo- W- Pb- Zn- Ag- Fe- 铝土矿-石墨成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着地质大调查的开展,豫西地区新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,使之成为我国重点找矿地区之一,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并将其命名为"豫西Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了10个成矿亚带,初步建立了Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带成矿谱系,其成矿作用具有多期次发育和多系统控制的特点,在时间演化上表现为多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特点,主要成矿期有前寒武纪、寒武纪-早石炭世、晚石炭世-中三叠世和晚三叠世-早白垩世,其中晚侏罗世-早白垩世是内生金属矿床成矿大爆发期。研究区主要成矿类型为岩浆热液型金银铅锌矿、斑岩型-矽卡岩型钼钨矿、层控热液型和海相火山岩型铅锌矿、古风化壳残积型铝土矿、沉积-变质型铁铜石墨矿和伟晶岩型稀有金属矿等。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区金、钼钨、铅锌银、铝土矿、铁、石墨、煤矿潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了25个远景区,其中14个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。 相似文献