共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
华北平原区域水资源特征与作物布局结构适应性研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
据野外调查、遥感和综合研究表明, 近50年来华北平原粮食产量持续增加导致农业区地下水开采量不断增大, 同时灌溉节水水平的不断提高有效地缓解了农业开采量增加的速率。在1977年之前, 每增产10000t小麦和玉米, 多年平均实际开采量增加0.14?108 m3; 在1978年以来, 每增产10000t小麦和玉米, 多年平均实际开采量增加0.04?108 m3。以2001~2005年平均耗用地下水的开采强度(0.53 m3/kg)计算, 粮食增产促使地下水开采量平均每五年递增2.45×108 m3/a, 实际平均每五年少增加9.45×108 m3/a。降水量减小, 补给量变少, 开采量增大; 降水量增大, 补给量较多, 开采量减小。在连续枯(丰)水年份, 当年降水量减少(增加)10%时, 地下水系统水量减少7.98% (增加7.67%)。因此, 需要大力发展抗旱节水作物及高产节水技术, 合理调控农业种植结构, 对于缓解研究区地下水不断恶化态势具有实质性促进作用。 相似文献
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浅层地下水补给对人类活动影响的响应特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文通过数据整理分析, 查明滹沱河流域平原区1976-2005年以开采量、灌区引水量和河道过水量为代表的人类活动逐渐增强, 分析了浅层地下水补给在大气降水减少和人类活动逐渐增强背景下大幅减少的响应特征: 综合补给量所占比率由1976-1980年的21.6%下降到2000-2005年的11.3%。随后, 从开采量、河道过水量和灌区引水量三个方面分析了浅层地下水补给响应人类活动的变化特征: 地下水补给量与开采量呈y=65.412x-0.2576模式随降水量增减而负相关变化; 河道渗漏补给量和渠水入渗量在地下水位不同埋深条件下表现出随来水量、引水量增加而增大的态势, 但在不同埋深条件下, 河道渗漏补给量与来水量之间、渠水入渗量和引水量之间关系不同。 相似文献
3.
天然降水和人工灌溉是华北平原浅层地下水的主要补给来源。长期过量开采地下水导致华北平原地下水位持续下降,详细分析降水变化规律及灌溉制度的影响有利于深入认识补给及正确评价入渗补给量,对合理开发利用地下水资源具有重要意义。基于实测资料,用HYDRUS软件建立一维变饱和流数值模拟模型,模拟分析了衡水地区近60年在天然降水条件下的垂向入渗补给规律,以及在年周期内灌溉活动对于入渗补给规律的影响。结果表明:研究区多年平均降水入渗补给量为66.6 mm/a;枯水年份降水入渗补给量为30 mm/a,丰水年入渗补给量为120~150 mm/a;年补给量与年降水量具有显著的正相关性;入渗补给系数与降水强度呈负相关关系;入渗补给量随灌溉量的增加而增加,实验条件下小麦底墒水与玉米灌溉对应入渗补给系数较大,实际灌溉中应基于当年降水情况及土壤墒情确定合理的灌水定额。 相似文献
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晋州地区是典型的农业井灌区,通过对该地区农作物生长季节降水量-农业地下水开采量-地下水埋深之间互动变化特征及其机制研究发现,枯水年份,农业地下水开采量的大小与小麦、玉米生长季节的降水量变化密切相关;平水年份,小麦生长季节的降水量变化对农业地下水开采量影响占主导,其次为玉米生长季节的降水量变化;丰水年,农业地下水开采量仅与小麦生长季节的降水量变化之间具有明显相关性,与玉米生长季节的降水量变化相关性明显弱化。不同水文年降水量变化,在影响农业地下水开采量增减的同时,对地下水的入渗补给量呈现与开采量逆向变化,二者叠加影响地下水位动态变化。平水年份或丰水年份,小麦生长季节地下水埋深增大,玉米生长季节降水量一般能满足玉米需水量,地下水埋深减小。因此,充分利用作物生长季节降水量,对减少地下水开采和高产农业的稳定发展有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了探寻石家庄市藁城区地下水埋深动态变化规律,以藁城区2001—2018年的年降水量、地下水人工开采量等数据为基础,对藁城区地下水位埋深进行研究。首先采用P-Ⅲ型曲线法确定降水序列的丰、平、枯年份,分析不同降水量情况下地下水位埋深变化规律;其次,利用地下水开采潜力系数法和灰色关联度法对人工开采量和地下水位埋深的关系进行研究。结果表明：1）藁城区地下水位埋深在2001—2016年逐渐增大,在2016—2018年趋于减小,2016年为转折点;在空间上藁城区地下水位埋深呈现出北部埋深小、南部埋深大的特征,北部水位埋深较同期南部水位埋深要浅5~10 m。2）降水是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的重要因素,枯水年水位埋深变幅在0.8~1.5 m之间,平水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.2 m之间,丰水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.1 m之间。主灌期（3—6月）的地下水位埋深增加速率均为cm/d级,非主灌期（7—10月）的地下水位埋深减少速率均为mm/d级。3）人工开采是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的主导因素,其中农业开采量占人工开采量的80%。综上认为,藁城区一直处于严重超采状态,地下水累计超采量每增加1亿m3,地下水位埋深增加0.45 m。 相似文献
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准确计算地下水的垂向入渗补给量是合理评价和利用地下水资源的基础.EARTH模型是一种集中参数的水文模型,可刻画水流在包气带中的运移过程,弥补黑箱模型的不足.以中国科学院栾城农业生态试验站的地下水位观测资料以及气象资料为基础,综合运用降水、蒸发、土壤水、地下水动态观测资料,利用EARTH模型计算了河北平原地下水垂向入渗补给量.计算结果表明,2003年1月1日至2005年8月31日期间,栾城农业生态试验站在降水量1404.1 mm、灌溉量1050.0 mm的条件下地下水入渗补给量为487.2 mm,平均年入渗补给量为182.6 mm, 占降水和灌溉总量(2454.1 mm)的19.9%.在模拟结果的基础上,对不同年份的降水量(含灌溉)和入渗补给量分布的对比分析表明,河北栾城地下水补给滞后现象明显,在研究时间段内峰值滞后18～35 d. 相似文献
8.
文章对呼包平原地下水多年平均补给量和可开采资源量进行了评价,并运用51年降水资料分析确定了特枯年份的降水量,预测了该地区在连续特枯年份下的地下水水量及水位的变化情况。结果表明:地下水多年平均可开采资源量为5.850 5×108m3,在连续遭遇特枯年份下累计动用储存量达7.529 5×108m3,潜水和承压含水层地下水位出现大幅度下降,其中漏斗中心主要分布在呼和浩特和包头市城区。结合呼包平原现状条件下地下水资源评价情况,文章有针对性地提出该地区连续遭遇特枯年份下的水资源对策。 相似文献
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郴州市区地表为第四系粘土、砂砾层覆盖,下伏石炭,二叠系碳酸盐岩层,岩溶发育。地下水有岩溶水和基岩裂隙水两种类型,其补给是大气降水,排泄主要是暗河。1958年始采地下水,1985年时供水量达6.6×10~4米~3/日。由于地下水开采没有统一规划和管理,已出现地下水位大幅度下降、地面变形等问题。经勘察该市地下水资源丰富,对钻井、泉水、暗河抽水试验,计算出可开采地下水量达21×10~4米~3/日。据本市34年降水量数据用回归分析和周期函数法计算到2000年各年降水量,再用降水渗入系数法计算1990、2000年降水渗入补给量,然后通过补给量和降水量的频率分析,论证地下水可开采量的保证率1990年为70％,2000年为95％。在此基础上提出了地下水开采利用和管理的科学方案。 相似文献
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为能精确识别降水和开采对石家庄地下水流场影响强度,应用小波变换和相关分析等研究方法,对区域平均地下水位、地下水降落漏斗面积及中心水位与降水和开采变化之间的互动特征进行了研究。结果表明:① 1961—1973年期间,平均地下水位随降水量增大呈幂函数递减趋势;1974—2010年期间,降水量每减小100 mm,漏斗中心水位下降速率增大7.35 m,平均地下水位下降速率增大2.15 m;② 1961—1973年期间,开采量每增加1亿m3,平均地下水位下降0.28 m,漏斗面积扩大11.74 km2,中心水位下降0.52 m,1974年以来累计超采量每增加1亿m3,漏斗面积增幅1.52 km2,中心水位降幅0.18 m;③ 降水量每减小100 mm,降水贡献度减弱3.0%,人类开采影响强度增大2.76%。 相似文献
11.
Evaporation capacity is an important factor that cannot be ignored when judging whether extreme precipitation events will produce groundwater recharge. The evaporation layer’s role in groundwater recharge was evaluated using a lysimeter simulation experiment in the desert area of Dunhuang, in the western part of the Hexi Corridor in northwestern China’s Gansu Province. The annual precipitation in the study area is extremely low, averaging 38.87 mm during the 60-year study period, and daily pan evaporation amounts to 2,486 mm. Three simulated precipitation regimes (normal, 10 mm; ordinary annual maximum, 21 mm; and extreme, 31 mm) were used in the lysimeter simulation to allow monitoring of water movement and weighing to detect evaporative losses. The differences in soil-water content to a depth of 50 cm in the soil profile significantly affected rainfall infiltration during the initial stages of rainfall events. It was found that the presence of a dry 50-cm-deep sand layer was the key factor for “potential recharge” after the three rainfall events. Daily precipitation events less than 20 mm did not produce groundwater recharge because of the barrier effect created by the dry sand. Infiltration totaled 0.68 mm and penetrated to a depth below 50 cm with 31 mm of rainfall, representing potential recharge equivalent to 1.7 % of the rainfall. This suggests that only extreme precipitation events offer the possibility of recharge of groundwater in this extremely arid area. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in shallow aquifer in the Thepkasattri of Phuket,Thailand 
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下载免费PDF全文 Whether groundwater resources can be sustainably utilized is largely determined and characterized by hydrogeological parameters.Estimating the groundwater recharge is one of the essential parameters for managing water resources and protecting water resources from contamination.This study researched the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in the Thepkasattri sub-district through integrating chloride mass balance(CMB)and water table fluctuation(WTF)methods.The chloride content of representative rainfall and groundwater samples was analyzed.Besides,WTF method was adopted from groundwater level data from 2012 to 2015.According to the CMB method,the mean recharge was estimated to be 1172 mm per year,accounting for 47%of the annual rainfall.Moreover,the estimated recharge from the WTF method took 26%of annual rainfall in 2015.The recharge was underestimated according to the WTF method,because of the uncertainty in specific yield estimates and the number of representative wells in the study area.Moreover,the correlation between rainfall and water table fluctuation data indicated the positive linear relationship between two parameters.The spatial recharge prediction indicated that recharge was higher(1200-1400 mm/yr)in the eastern and western catchment,while that in the central floodplains was between 800 mm/yr and 1100 mm/yr.In addition,low recharge value between 450 mm/yr and 800 mm/yr was observed in the south-west part of Thepkasattri.The spatial variation of recharge partly reflects the influences of land use and land cover of the study area. 相似文献
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典型表层岩溶泉域植被对降雨的再分配研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文在表层岩溶泉域植被结构特征分析的基础上,监测桂林丫吉试验场S31号泉域内香椿和云实两种主要植被的穿透雨和树干径流特征以及钻孔和表层岩溶水的变化。结果表明:香椿林的总穿透雨量1 861.83 mm,占总降雨总量的59.65%;云实灌丛总的穿透雨量为1 626.42 mm,占总降雨量的52.11%;穿透雨率随降雨量增加而减少。香椿林的树干径流总量为89.4 mm,占总降雨量的2.86%;云实灌丛的树干径流总量为27.79 mm,占总降雨量的0.89%;香椿林和云实灌丛的林冠截留总量分别为1 169.97 mm和1 466.99 mm,平均截留率为37.48%和47.01%;用水量平衡法计算得出以灌丛覆盖为主的S31号表层岩溶泉域年蒸散量为1 623.81 mm,占降水量的52.03 %,年径流深度为1 497.39 mm,占降水量的47.97%。植被冠层改变了降雨对表层岩溶带的补给形式和补给量。降雨经过植被冠层的截留后转化成穿透雨和树干径流进入表层岩溶带,穿透雨以连续波状的形式补给表层岩溶带,而树干径流则以快速集中的方式补给表层岩溶带。 相似文献
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Sergey Grinevskiy Elena Filimonova Victor Sporyshev Vsevolod Samartsev Sergey Pozdniakov 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(8):2753-2767
Groundwater pumping and changes in climate-induced recharge lead to lower groundwater levels and significant changes in the water balance of a catchment. Water previously discharged as evapotranspiration can become a source of pumpage. Neglecting this effect leads to overestimated streamflow depletion. A small river basin (Sudogda River Basin, Russia) with a boreal climate and with long-term records of groundwater head and streamflow rate (showing that the measured stream depletion is less than the pumping rate) was investigated. The role of evapotranspiration in the water balance was analyzed by a hydrogeological model using MODFLOW-2005 with the STR package; the annual variation in recharge was obtained with the codes Surfbal and HYDRUS. The Sudogda River Basin was classified according to landscape and unsaturated-zone texture classes, and for each classified zone, the unsaturated-zone flow simulation was used to calculate the annual recharge dynamics for the observation period. Calibration of the regional flow model was conducted using flow and head observations jointly for two steady-state flow conditions—natural (before pumping started) and stressed (pumping). The simulations showed that pumped water originates from three sources: intercepted baseflow (75% of the annual total pumping rate), the capture of groundwater evapotranspiration discharge plus increased groundwater recharge (17%), and induced stream infiltration (8%). Additionally, multi-year precipitation records were analyzed to detect any long-term recharge and pumping water-budget changes. The results showed that increasing groundwater recharge by natural precipitation leads to (1) decreased intercepted baseflow and induced streamflow infiltration and (2) increased intercepted evapotranspiration discharge, thereby reducing stream depletion. 相似文献
15.
Rashid Umar M. Muqtada A. Khan Izrar Ahmed Shakeel Ahmed 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(1):69-78
The Kali-Hindon inter-stream region extends over an area of 395 km2 within the Ganga-Yamuna interfluve. It is a fertile tract for sugarcane cultivation. Groundwater is a primary resource for
irrigation and industrial purposes. In recent years, over-exploitation has resulted in an adverse impact on the groundwater
regime. In this study, an attempt has been made to calculate a water balance for the Kali-Hindon inter-stream region. Various
inflows and outflows to and from the aquifer have been calculated. The recharge due to rainfall and other recharge parameters
such as horizontal inflow, irrigation return flow and canal seepage were also evaluated. Groundwater withdrawals, evaporation
from the water table, discharge from the aquifer to rivers and horizontal subsurface outflows were also estimated. The results
show that total recharge into the system is 148.72 million cubic metres (Mcum), whereas the total discharge is 161.06 Mcum,
leaving a deficit balance of −12.34 Mcum. Similarly, the groundwater balance was evaluated for the successive four years.
The result shows that the groundwater balance is highly sensitive to variation in rainfall followed by draft through pumpage.
The depths to water level are shallow in the canal-irrigated northern part of the basin and deeper in the southern part. The
pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water levels range from 4.6 to 17.7 m below ground level (bgl) and from 3.5 to 16.5 m bgl respectively.
It is concluded that the groundwater may be pumped in the canal-irrigated northern part, while withdrawals may be restricted
to the southern portion of the basin, where intense abstraction has led to rapidly falling water table levels. 相似文献
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华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近万年以来华北平原地下水演化经历了百年、千年尺度的早全新世增雨、中全新世多雨和晚全新世干旱频发过程, 地下水净补给与降水、蒸发及径流之间水分通量随之变化, 并且在时空上呈现明显的差异性。基于全新世以来华北平原浅部地下水循环演化过程中水量均衡, 280~350 mm年降水量是阈值。当小于该阈值时, 地下水系统呈现负均衡; 现阶段不是区域地下水净补给最少时期, 而是处于全新世多年平均水平。目前, 华北平原区域地下水位不断下降是人类耗用地下水的强度远超过自然水循环的更新能力所致, 急需规范人类用水行为。 相似文献
18.
Costa Alexandre C. Dupont Fanny Bier George van Oel Pieter Walker David W. Martins Eduardo S. P. R. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(3):751-769
Particularly in arid and semiarid areas, more and more populations rely almost entirely on imported water. However, the extent to which intentional discharge into transiting river systems and unintentional leakage may be augmenting water resources for communities along and down gradient of the water transfer scheme has not previously been subject to research. The objective of this study was to assess both the potential of a large-scale water transfer (WT) scheme to increase groundwater availability by channel transmission losses in a large dryland aquifer system (2,166 km²) in Brazil, and the capability of the receiving streams to transport water downstream under a prolonged drought. An integrated surface-water/groundwater model was developed to improve the estimation of the groundwater resources, considering the spatio-temporal variability of infiltrated rainfall for aquifer recharge. Aquifer recharge from the WT scheme was simulated under prolonged drought conditions, applying an uncertainty analysis of the most influential fluxes and parameters. The annual recharge (66 mm/year) was approximately twice the amount of water abstracted (1990–2016); however, the annual recharge dropped to 13.9 mm/year from 2012 to 2016, a drought period. Under similar drought conditions, the additional recharge (6.89 × 106 m³/year) from the WT scheme did not compensate for the decrease in groundwater head in areas that do not surround the receiving streams. Actually, the additional recharge is counteracted by a decrease of 25% of natural groundwater recharge or an increase of 50% in pumping rate; therefore, WT transmission losses alone would not solve the issue of the unsustainable management of groundwater resources.
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