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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(2)
为实现河南信阳上天梯地区膨润土的高附加值开发利用,在矿物学属性研究基础上,采用自粉化提纯、常压低温焙烧活化及常压碱溶合成沸石技术对其进行了研究。结果表明,该区膨润土为钙基膨润土,主要矿物为钙蒙脱石,杂质矿物为斜发沸石和方石英;干燥膨润土经湿润后可实现膨胀自粉化,再经湿法筛分可获得吸蓝量高达38.55 g/100g提纯膨润土;常压低温焙烧活化技术获得脱色率达99.9%、活性度为308 mmol/kg的高质量活性白土;常压碱溶一步法合成的4?沸石为较理想的立方体与菱形十二面体的聚形,在合成过程中斜发沸石和方石英等杂质矿物均转变为沸石。 相似文献
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该矿为钠基膨润土,由硬质矿块与软质胶结物组成。主要矿物为蒙脱石,平均含量72.85％,其次为石英、方英石及少量石盐、赤铁矿。阳离子交换容量75.95mmol/100g胶质价93ml/15g,湿态抗压强度4.41×10~4～5.79×10~4Pa,20％HCl活化土脱色力110.4～332.5,原矿造浆率5.78m~3/t～12.2m~3/t。浇注铸件质量优良,表面光滑。 相似文献
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天然膨润土中蒙脱石丰度的定量方法研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
基于膨润土中蒙脱石的基本结构单元在X射线衍射空间的相干散射的分布和总量是一不变量，同一膨润土矿中单位质量蒙脱石的阳离子交换容量和层电荷密度专一性的特点，本研究提出了阳离子交换容量／层电荷密度、阳离子交换容量和X射线衍射多相Rietveld分析三种蒙脱石丰度的定量方法，并测定了我国不同产地、矿物组成和物化性质各异的10种天然膨润土中蒙脱石丰度，分析了可能的干扰因素。结果表明，三种方法测得的蒙脱石丰度值在3％范围内吻合良好，且具有一致的自相关性。 相似文献
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膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要成分(一般大于50%)的粘土矿物.蒙脱石属二八面体含水的层状铝硅酸盐类矿物.由于蒙脱石结构单元层中的硅和铝离子,分别被铝和镁离子置换因而层间出现电荷有吸附阳离子的作用.根据层间阳离子的不同,可分为钠基膨润土、钙基膨润土、镁基膨润土以及钙 相似文献
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四川三台钙蒙脱石的矿物学与有机化处理研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对四川三台钙蒙脱石进行了矿物学和有机化处理研究。化学成分分析、晶体化学式与层间可交换阳离子数计算、X射线衍射分析和热分析都表明三台膨润土属钙基膨润土，属型为切托-Otay型。用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵三种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对四川三台钙蒙脱石进行了有机化处理。结果表明，用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵处理的效果最好。 相似文献
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钙钠离子对蒙脱石晶格膨胀的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨润土是以蒙脱石类矿物为主要成分的粘土,它的物理化学性质主要由其中的蒙脱石所决定。由于蒙脱石具有较强的吸附性、悬浮性、膨胀性和粘结性,因此膨润土在冶金、铸造、石油、化工、纺织和农田水利中都得到广泛的应用。 工业上通常根据吸附阳离子的不同,将天然膨润土分为两类:(1)钙基膨润土——吸附的钙离子占总盐基量50％以上;(2)钠基膨润土——吸附的钠离子占总盐基量50％以上。钠基膨 相似文献
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对膨润土交换性阳离子和阳离子交换容量的测试是评价膨润土矿的主要指标之一,传统的测定膨润土交换性阳离子通常采用原子吸收光谱法或容量法,操作手续复杂繁琐。本文用氯化铵-乙醇交换液交换出试样中的可交换性阳离子钙、镁、钾、钠,分取蒸至湿盐状,制备成盐酸介质的溶液,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定。通过正交试验确定了最佳实验条件为交换1次,加入25 mL交换液,搅拌30 min,沉淀洗涤2次。分别选择315.887 nm、279.079 nm、766.490 nm、589.592 nm作为钙、镁、钾、钠的分析谱线,绘制的标准曲线中钾、钠的浓度在0～0.6 mmol/L,钙、镁的浓度在0～3.0 mmol/L呈良好的线性关系。方法检出限为0.012～0.048 mmol/100 g。经国家标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合,精密度为0.5%～2.5%(RSD,n=11),准确度为-6.1%～10%,加标回收率为97.0%～100.0%。本方法样品处理方法程序简单快速,分析重现性好,克服了传统分析方法测定手续繁琐、时间冗长且成本高等缺点,适用于批量样品的分析。 相似文献
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Salima Chakroun Wafa Mechti Mongi Herchi Mohamed Essghaier Gaied 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(3):60
Three mixtures (M1, M2, and M3) of the Eocene clay deposits were collected from Ain M’Dheker (Enfidha, Tunisia). These mixtures have been treated by hydrochloric acid in order to improve their physico-chemical characteristics. Optimum conditions for activation were conducted by varying several parameters such as the acid concentration, time, and temperature activation. The activation condition effect on surface area is studied. A representative raw (M3) and activated (AM3) mixtures were used in industrial application: Sunflower oil and Black 194 dyes (textile waste). M3 and AM3 were used to leach sunflower oil by varying the clay amount introduced. Results of the bleaching power of used samples were compared to that found by commercial bentonite imported from Germany (Tonsil), having a surface area of 725 m2/g. Indeed, an amount of 1% of AM3 gives a 60% decolorization similar to that found by commercial clay. Also, the ability of raw and activated clay to remove the dye (Acid Black 194) from effluent has been studied firstly at different pH and in second time by varying the adsorbent amount. Then, an amount of 0.025 g is sufficient to give a higher adsorption capacity for M3 than AM3. Consequently, Ain M’Dheker clay deposits can be use in other environmental application even without any treatment. 相似文献
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Owing to its favourable physical, chemical and rheological properties, densely compacted bentonite or bentonite-sand mix is considered as a suitable buffer material in deep geological repositories to store high level nuclear waste. Iodine-129 is one of the significant nuclides in the high level waste owing to its long half life and poor sorption onto most geologic media. Bentonite by virtue of negatively charged surface has negligible affinity to retain iodide ions. As organo-bentonites are known to retain iodide ions, the present study characterizes hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDPyCl.H2O) treated bentonite from Barmer India (referred as HDPy+B) for physico-chemical properties, engineering properties and the iodide adsorption behavior of the organo clay. Batch experiments revealed that HDPy+ ions are largely retained (94 % retention) via cation exchange; the ion-exchange process neutralizes the negative surface charge and bridges clay particles leading to reduction in Atterberg limits, clay content and sediment volume. The organo clay retains iodide by Coulombic attraction (at primary sites) and anion exchange (at secondary sites). The free-energy change (ΔG o = ?25.5 kJ/mol) value indicated that iodide retention by organo clay is favored physical adsorption process. Iodide adsorption capacity of organo clay decreased significantly (85–100 %) on dilution with 50–80 % bentonite. On the other hand, dilution of bentonite with 50 % organo clay caused 58 % reduction in swell potential and 21 % reduction in swell pressure. 相似文献
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近年来土工织物膨润土垫（GCL）被越来越多地应用到各种防渗工程之中,而水化后GCL中膨润土的微观结构会对GCL的长期防渗性能和力学性能产生影响。采用压汞试验,对水化后GCL中膨润土的微观结构进行定量分析,研究了液体对微观结构的影响,并通过化学分析来揭示液体产生影响的机制。结果表明,(1) 采用垃圾渗滤液水化后的膨润土孔隙体积密度最大,大孔径孔隙所占比例最高;(2) 出现上述规律的原因可以归结为两个方面,一是由于渗滤液中阳离子浓度最高而使得蒙脱石表面双电层厚度最小,二是更加频繁的离子交换作用使得蒙脱石表面大直径离子比例最高。 相似文献
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对紫都台-于寺盆地内二道河、哈尔套、北窝棚及下扎兰波罗等膨润土矿床进行了系统采样、处理,开展与矿床相关的赋矿岩系岩石学及矿物学特征研究。通过基本分析、XRD、化学全分析、阳离子交换量等手段对样品进行测试,研究结果表明沉凝灰岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩、砂砾质凝灰岩等富含火山玻璃的岩石更易于水解形成膨润土矿。膨润土总体呈碱性,矿物组成以蒙脱石为主,其次为石英、斜长石等伴生矿物。XRD及阳离子交换量表明盆地北部二道河及哈尔套膨润土矿发育钙基及钠基膨润土,并呈现上部钙基膨润土、下部钠基膨润土的分层特征,对盆地南部下扎兰波罗及北窝棚膨润土矿的深部寻找钠基膨润土矿具有指导意义。 相似文献
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本矿床赋存于晚侏罗世仇山火山断陷盆地中劳村期的火山碎屑流沉积相底部地层内,矿体呈层状,多层产出,具稳定的层位及明显的标志层。矿体围岩的蒙脱石化、硅化、滞石化、高岭石化等蚀变较普遍,尤其是顶板的硅化。矿石结构、构造反映了火山碎屑沉积的特点。矿石是自生的粘土矿物富集体,没有或很少有碎屑物质混杂。矿体厚度和品位变化系数较小,属厚度稳定型—较稳定型和质量均匀的矿体。根据仇山矿区的矿床地质特征,我们认为该矿床属于陆相火山沉积型。 相似文献
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对于某一特定的膨润土矿,蒙脱石含量与阳离子交换容量呈正相关,以此为依据提出了一种确定蒙脱石含量的新方法——纯样品指标标定法。对山东莱西、潍坊两地膨润土矿的实际测定结果显示,利用纯样品指标标定法确定蒙脱石含量取得了较满意的结果,说明此方法具有较大的使用价值。该方法考虑了膨润土中杂质、蒙脱石层间可交换阳离子类型及端面电荷对测定结果的影响,推荐以钠基土为试样,在pH=4的条件下采用加权法测定蒙脱石含量。 相似文献
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The conditions of the bentonite in an engineered barrier for high-level radioactive waste disposal have been simulated in a series of tests. Cylindrical cells with an inner length of 60 cm and a diameter of 7 cm have been constructed. Inside the cells, six blocks of FEBEX bentonite have been piled-up, giving rise to a total length similar to the thickness of the clay barrier in a repository according to the Spanish concept. To obtain the blocks, the clay with its hygroscopic water content has been uniaxially compacted at a dry density of 1.65 g/cm3. The bottom surface of the material was heated at 100 °C and the top surface was injected with granitic water. The duration of the tests was 6, 12 and 24 months. The temperatures inside the clay and the water intake were measured during the tests and, at the end, the cells were dismounted and the dry density, water content and some hydro-mechanical properties of the clay (permeability, swelling pressure and swelling under load) were measured at different positions. The values obtained are compared to those of the untreated FEBEX bentonite. The injection of water provokes in the vicinity of the hydration surface an increase of the water content and a decrease of the dry density due to the swelling of the clay, while heating gives rise to an increase of the dry density and a reduction of the water content in the 18 cm closest to the heater, even after 2 years of thermo-hydraulic (TH) treatment. The swelling capacity and the hydraulic conductivity after TH treatment are mainly related to the dry density and water content attained during it. No major irreversible modifications of these properties with respect to those of the untreated clay have been detected. 相似文献
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禹州方山铝土矿是河南省已知铝土矿勘查区中含钾量最高的一个矿区。方山高钾铝土矿赋存于石炭系上统本溪组中,硬质黏土是构成高钾铝土矿的主体,高钾铝土矿层最厚79.47m,最薄1.98m,平均18.78m;主要含铝矿物为一水硬铝石,高钾铝土矿的化学成分与铝土矿基本相同,全矿区w(K2O)的平均值为3.75%,最高10.16%,最低0.04%。矿区很少有云母等含钾矿物的存在,高钾铝土矿中的K2O不完全来源于含钾矿物,也非矿区内仅存交换吸附阳离子能力最低的高岭石所致,况且方山铝土矿周边的寒武系张夏组水泥灰岩中w(K2O)<2%,在方山地段含铝岩系中能形成w(K2O)超过10%的地层实属罕见,方山铝土矿中K2O的来源尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
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甘肃省卓尼县洮砚乡喇嘛崖洮砚位于新堡—洋沙复背斜核部的上泥盆统大草滩组中,矿体呈近SN向展布。本文通过洮砚的组成成分、结构构造、物理性质、化学性质、宝石学特征及成因分析,表明洮砚主要矿物为绢水云母,呈细小鳞片状结构,定向排列,具有富铝系列、伊利石型粘土特征,微量元素及放射性元素均很低的特点;岩石致密,固结程度中等,肖氏硬度为51~56,密度2.75~2.77 g/cm3,饱和吸水率0.45~0.47,孔隙度1.2%~1.3%,粒度0.011~0.053mm,遭受浅的区域变质作用,节理、裂隙发育程度低。 相似文献