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1.
太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。 相似文献
2.
Z.S. Nikiforova B.B. Gerasimov E.G. Glushkova A.G. Kazhenkina 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(10):1318-1329
Prediction and search for gold deposits in the east of the Siberian Platform are problematic because the study area is overlain by a thick cover of MZ-KZ deposits. Search for gold deposits by the largest geological institutions using conventional methods have not yielded positive results, because the main attention was focused on the discovery of ancient gold-bearing conglomerates of the Witwatersrand type and on the evaluation of the gold ore potential of basic magmatism. Typomorphism of placer gold bears huge information about the genesis of native gold, both its primary endogenous origin and its exogenous transformation, which makes it possible to identify the formation type of mineralization, increases the reliability of the prediction of gold deposits, and ensures their purposeful search in the platform areas. The revealed indicative features of placer gold made it possible to substantiate the formation of the gold ore sources of Precambrian low-sulfide gold-quartz, gold-iron-quartzite, porphyry gold-copper, and gold-PGE mineralization and Mesozoic gold-silver, gold-rare-metal, and gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization in the east of the Siberian Platform. We have established that high-fineness placer gold with microinclusions of pyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz, and carbonates with recrystallized structures and lines of plastic deformation is specific to the ore sources of low-sulfide gold-quartz mineralization. A high content of Cu (up to 4%) in flaky high-fineness gold is one of indicators of porphyry gold-copper mineralization. The angular shape of gold grains, the fine fraction and high fineness of gold, its completely recrystallized and regrown internal structure, and the permanent presence of Fe, Bi, and Cu microimpurities and hematite, ilmenite, and corundum microinclusions are typical of gold-iron-quartzite mineralization. Flaky and laminated high-fineness gold particles with steady Pt, Pd, and Ni impurities and Pt-mineral phases and Au-Pt intergrowths in them testify to the ore sources of gold-PGE mineralization. Laminated and cloddy gold fractions of > 0.25-2.0 mm, the medium and low fineness of gold, its single-crystal or, sometimes, porous internal structure, the wide range of microimpurities (Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Cu, Te, etc.), and microinclusions of native Ag, adularia, Sr-barite, and calcite are indicators of gold-silver mineralization. Laminated, dendritic, and cloddy-angular gold grains, wide variation in gold fineness (307-950‰), and the presence of microinclusions of native bismuth, maldonite, arsenopyrite, and silver tellurides are indicative of gold-rare-metal mineralization. Laminated and cloddy gold grains, their size varying from dust to > 0.25 mm, their mono- and coarse-grained internal structure, wide variation in gold fineness (600-900‰), and the presence of Hg microimpurities (up to 6% and more) and microinclusions of quartz, calcite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, tellurides, selenides, and REE phosphates point to gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization. The established placer gold indicators of the particular formation types of ore sources in the east of the Siberian Platform made it possible to predict Precambrian gold deposits with low-sulfide-gold-quartz mineralization similar to the Kirkland Lake and Porcupine mines and gold deposits with Mesozoic gold-silver mineralization similar to the Cripple Creek mine. The developed criteria for determining the types of mineralization by indicative features of placer gold give an insight into the ore genesis and can be successfully applied to prediction and search for gold deposits and to evaluation of their gold resources. 相似文献
3.
2004年新疆地质矿产勘查进展及2005年工作思路 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
2004年新疆地质勘查工作在铜镍、金、铅锌、锑、钨、铁、煤和非金属等矿产勘查方面取得了重要进展，发现了一批矿产地，扩大了矿床远景，增加了资源储量，确定了一批有找矿前景的重要成矿区带、基础地质研究工作也有新发现和新认识，2005年地质勘查工作将继续坚持“主攻天山，深化阿尔泰山，开拓昆仑、阿尔金山”的总体布局和“区划、区调、物化探、勘查、科研五统一”的工作原则，主攻煤、富铁、铜镍、富铅锌、金、铀等国家和自治区急需的矿产及具有大型．超大型找矿前景和显开发效益的矿床．围绕找矿部署，开展基础性地质矿产调查工作和矿产资源评价工作；服务矿山开发，开展商业性矿产勘查工作；采取突出重点、加大投入、强化综合找矿、加强生产科研联合攻关等措施，努力实现地质找矿新突破。 相似文献
4.
流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
流体构造动力学是介于流体地质学和构造地质学之间的一个重要前沿领域 ,主要研究由流体的温度和压力等物理状态及其变化、流体的迁移与运动和流体与岩石矿物发生化学反应等物理与化学过程所引起的构造作用和动力学机制 ,研究内容涉及流体与构造的关系、流体的构造作用方式、流体构造类型与动力学成因机制。对流体构造动力学主要研究方向的研究成果进行了总结和回顾 ,介绍了流体构造动力学的一些研究进展 ,并指出流体是地壳运动、造山作用及岩石的褶皱和断裂等构造过程的重要参与者和组织者。 相似文献
5.
The primary halos of porphyry copper deposits are characterized by compositional zoning in three dimensions. Two ideal zoning patterns can be divided in accordance with the shape of primary halos in space: bell-shaped and anticline-shaped. In the process of alteration-mineralization, K, Si, (OH), Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, S, Ba, Rb, Pb, Zn, As, etc. were imported, while Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, V, Co, Sr, Pb, Zn, etc. were exported or became activated, and then transported and reprecipitated. Both import and export of Fe, Pb and Zn may have taken place. The fundamental factors controlling the zoning of primary halos are: the stability of complexes and the activity of elements; pH, Eh, the behaviour of sulfur and the sulphophile character of elements; the concentration of components and the regularities of isomorphism; temperature and pressure; and tectonic setting and lithological characters of wallrocks. The authors consider that the zoning patterns of primary halos in porphyry copper deposits are the outcome of integrated effects of various factors. 相似文献
6.
Variations in the composition and mineral assemblages of boronaluminosilciates (serendibite, grandidierite, kornerupine, and tourmaline) were studied in the abyssal and hypabyssal skarns of New York and California, United States, the Taezhnyi deposit of southern Yakutia, and deposits of the Pamirs, and compared to their occurrences around the world. The genesis of the boronaluminosilicates depends on the facies of the replaced skarns and the calcareous-skarn alteration of the primary composition of the host rocks. The substitution between Mg and Fe, as well as between Al, Si, and B, was studied in complex boronaluminosilciates and associated minerals. It was shown that f of serendibite is determined by that in the replaced skarn minerals (pyroxenes, spinel, sapphirine, and grandidierite) and is inherited in the replacing tourmaline and late silicates. Unlike serendibite, kornerupine is a typomorphic mineral of only bimetasomatic skarns of the abyssal facies. Serendibite, grandidierite, kornerupine, and tourmaline crystallized during the postmagmatic stage of the evolution of boron mineralization at skarn deposits of both the abyssal and the hypabyssal facies, at contact with magnesian carbonate sequences and desilicified aluminosilicate rocks. 相似文献
7.
从下列研究方向探讨了数学地球科学的新进展,即数据分析与数据挖掘（多点地质统计学,数据同化方法,数据挖掘和展示,时间序列分析,基于不规则数据集方法,数值分析方法与新算法）、非线性科学（多重分形模型,自组织临界理论,混沌理论,系统固有的复杂性,非线性随机过程的动态建模）、遥感（差分干涉合成孔径雷达,最先进雷达遥感,新的星载和地基微波技术,与遥感相结合的地理信息系统环境建模）、建模（新的数学变形模型与方法,地下蓄水层的流动与运送的预测模型,新油气发现模型,石油采收数学模型,空间与时间建模）、资源环境定量评价（复杂储存环境的地震特性综合反演,油井与储藏动态数据的实时同化处理,不确定性评估储藏动态新方法,资源评价和风险分析的新模式,环境地球化学,定量环境地质学）等 相似文献
8.
国土空间生态保护与修复是实现美丽中国、关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。本文采用文献资料综合分析法、系统回顾法、实证分析法、类比分析法、趋势外推法、政策环评等相结合的方法开展了一系列工作:从国家方略、顶层设计两个方面,梳理了国土空间生态保护与修复的脉络;从国土空间生态修复规划、技术路经与方法、野外台站和科研样地等角度,阐明了国土空间生态保护与修复研究的方法论;举例辨析了国土空间生态保护与修复的若干“伪生态”和“假技术问题”;指出了国土空间生态保护与修复发展的战略方针、战略目标、战略方向、战略原则、战略重点、战略对策;从生态保护与修复的重大科学问题和热点、语境分析、分区分类、差异化、生态补偿机制等5个方面,提出了助推中国国土空间生态保护与修复需要的科技支撑;讨论了“两屏三带”、科学推进生态修复,以及管理逻辑与技术逻辑融合问题。研究结果为破解国土空间“整体保护、系统修复与综合治理”过程中生态要素的综合性与管理事权的部门化、生态空间的连续性与区域的政区化、生态工程的长期性与行政管理的届次化三大矛盾,提供了科学依据。 相似文献
9.
天山志留纪生物地理特征及分区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天山志留纪生物丰富,包括笔石、珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫等10多个门类,由于伊塞克—伊犁板块的阻隔和尼古拉耶夫—图拉苏断裂带的影响,天山南北具有两种不同的古地理环境。根据生物组合和沉积相特征,将天山归入古亚洲域,并细分为2个省,3个亚省:I_1准噶尔—哈萨克斯坦省,包括博罗科努山、那拉提山、北山、西准噶尔和哈萨克斯坦;I_1~1西准噶尔—北天山亚省,包括早志留世笔石相碎屑岩,中志留世珊瑚、腕足相碳酸盐岩和晚志留世杂色碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩,局部含少量珊瑚腕足类;I_2南天山省,包括新疆南天山和原苏联南天山和中亚;I_2~1土尔克斯坦—哈尔克山亚省,包含早志留世碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,局部含笔石,中晚志留世碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩,含丰富的珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫,常形成珊瑚-层孔虫礁,火山岩不发育。I_2~2努腊套—费尔干纳亚省。整个志留纪为笔石相砂页岩沉积,火山活动微弱。 相似文献
10.
SHI Jian-sheng LIU Chang-li DONG Hua YAN Zhen-peng WANG Yan-jun LIU Xin-hao GUO Xiu-yan JIAO Hong-jun YIN Mi-ying HOU Huai-ren 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(4):1-18
Although the Chinese people have, through continuous efforts, built the constantly improving Yellow River flood control system, and created a miracle which has been tranquil for over 50 years, the tendency for the downstream watercourse of the Yellow River to uplift every year has not been fundamentally curbed, and the aboveground river is still the “scourge” of the sons and daughters of the Yellow River. By the use of a variety of modern investigation and survey methods, the geological environment characteristics of the downstream of the Yellow River have been identified basically, including the environmental and geological factors affecting the stability of aboveground rivercourse of the lower Yellow River such as the active fracture of the lower Yellow River, crustal uplift, land subsidence, seismic activity, geological conditions of dike foundation engineering, hydrodynamic conditions of rivers, and geomorphology of watercourses. After a comprehensive analysis of the inability mode of aboveground river on the downstream of the Yellow River and its corresponding impact factors, by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we have evaluated the crustal stability of the aboveground river, dike foundation stability, watercourse landform stability and overall stability. The results of comprehensive results show that the stability of downstream aboveground rivercourse of the Yellow River can be divided into four grades and 11 sections, i e. “basically stable, unstable, very unstable and extremely unstable”. On the basis of the stability segmentation, we consider the influence of integrally the future structural faults, earthquakes, the difference of watercourse between forward and backward heights of dikes, river regime and river type, historical crevasses, foundation soil liquefaction and seepage deformation, and find out 17 most unstable danger points. Finally, from 17 danger points, we select 7 danger points which are most prone to instability including Wuzhi, Zhongmou, Kaifeng, Fengqiu, Dongming, Changyuan and Dong’e. The calculation and analysis of the range and area inundated by 7 danger points, area, and number of people threatened, possible economic loss, and environmental damage, the inability caused by any one of 7 points could bring disastrous consequences to the downstream. 相似文献
11.
1998年,兴发集团原料库后山发生了滑坡。为了达到“防”与“治”相结合的目的,对滑坡周界以外20m的范围进行了勘察研究,查明了滑坡范围、地层结构、主滑方向、平面上分块、纵向上分级、滑面位置、展布形态、滑带土的物理力学性质等滑坡要素,以及引起滑坡的主要因素。通过地质测绘、物探、槽探、钻探、井探及取土试验等综合勘探手段,对滑坡及相邻边坡的稳定性作出了合理的评价,获得了满足滑坡治理设计的参数,提出了具体的防治措施———施工抗滑挡墙和排水系统,收到了良好的防治效果。 相似文献
12.
嫩江现代河流沉积层序及沉积模式 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以黑龙江省富裕县大马岗现代嫩江沉积体为例,通过深挖探槽、探坑及野外密集采样的精细解剖,详细研究了现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部岩相、沉积微相、沉积层序及沉积模式。研究表明,大马岗河流沉积体是一个由辫状河与曲流河沉积组成的复合沉积体,其下部以辫状河砾质坝沉积为主,上部则以低能量的曲流河沉积为主。在现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部,共识别出16种岩相,即Gm,St1,St2,Ft,Ssd,Sh,Stcb,Shcs,Sw,Sm,Fw,Fm,Fsc1,Fsc2,Mm及Mpr,发育五种亚相、六种沉积微相,即曲流河的河漫滩沉积微相、决口扇微相、天然堤微相、点坝微相、辫状河的溢岸微相及心滩微相。这些沉积微相构成了大马岗沉积体内部垂向上三套不同的沉积层序:下部层序以砾石质沉积为主,为辫状河沉积形成;中部层序为一个完整的曲流河沉积层序,以曲流河点坝沙及溢岸漫滩泥沉积构成;上部沉积层序则为曲流河泛滥及决口沉积形成。通过沉积微相及沉积层序分析,本文建立了一种新型的河流复合沉积模式,进一步丰富了河流沉积学理论。 相似文献
13.
环境与生态研究从定性、定量向多学科、多尺度、大范围的团队参与的综合集成研究方向发展，计算机、网络、数据、模式模型技术的逐渐成熟与完备，为环境和生态需要的e science支持平台建设提供了技术和研究基础。分析环境与生态集成研究典型模型基本过程得出，适合环境和生态研究的e science由数据平台、模型模式平台、协同与沟通平台、管理平台组成。其中：①定点、定位、互联网、传感器网格、空间数据采集与处理,以及再分析数据生成的数据支持平台是e science的基础；②包括模型库、模式库、协同建模环境、模拟环境、软件开发环境的模型平台是e science支持集成研究的核心；③模型、模式之间的协同，以及数据平台中数据接口和扩展接口驱动的开发与集成环境，数据与模型模式和模拟计算的内部协同工作平台是e science应用的关键；④完善的结果展示、输出和资源调度的管理平台是e science的窗口。以生态经济、水文研究为例进行的初步实验表明，四层结构的e science框架基本符合环境和生态研究过程的需要。 相似文献
14.
中国科学院地质研究所 《地质科学》1982,(1):1-4
尹赞勋教授是我国著名的地质学家和古生物学家,他于1927年在法国里昂大学毕业后,主要从事古生物学和地层学的调查研究。从三十年代中期至今,经常担任学术性和行政性领导工作。 相似文献
15.
Heavy Metal Distributions and Source Tracing in the Lacustrine Sediments of Dongdao Island, South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The levels and depth distributions of As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb,Hg,Fe and Mn in two sediment cores DY2 and DY4 collected from the"Cattle Pond"of Dongdao Island,South China Sea,were determined and analyzed with the main objective to identify the sources of these elements and evaluate the corresponding sedimentological and geochemical processes.Lithological characters and sedimentary parameters such as LOI_(950℃),CaO,LOI_(550℃) and TOC indicate that the depth of 96 cm and 87 cm are the critical points for DY2 and DY4 cores,respectively.As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Hg and P are remarkably enriched in the ornithogenic sediments above the critical depth points;their concentration-versus-depth profiles are similar to those of TOC and LOIssooc;the ratios of As,Cd,Cu, Zn,Hg over Ca are significantly correlated with P/Ca.Statistical and comparative analyses of these elements' levels in the ornithogenic sediments of DY2 and DY4 strongly suggest that seabird droppings are the main source of these elements.Additionally,for the upper sediment layers of DY2 and DY4 cores,Fe oxide sorption mechanism,like organic matter,may also play an important role in the abundances of heavy metals.Heavy metal Pb has geochemical characteristics distinctly different from those of As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Hg and P,and its isotope composition indicates an origin of anthropogenic emissions from the surrounding countries.These geochemical characteristics in the orinithogenic sediments of Xisha Islands are compared with the studies in the remote Antarctic and Arctic regions. 相似文献
16.
V. N. Yakovenchuk G. Yu. Ivanyuk Ya. A. Pakhomovsky Yu. P. Men’shikov N. G. Konopleva Yu. A. Korchak 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2008,50(8):732-745
Seven pyroxene varieties were identified in nepheline syenites and foidolites of the Khibiny pluton: enstatite, ferrosilite, diopside, hedenbergite, augite, aegirine-augite, and aegirine. Enstatite and augite are typical of alkaline and ultramafic rocks of dike series. Ferrosilite was found in country quartzitic hornfels. Diopside is a rock-forming mineral in alkaline and ultramafic rocks, alkali gabbroids, hornfels in xenoliths of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and foyaite, melteigite-urtite that assimilate them, and certain hydrothermal pegmatite veins. Hedenbergite was noted in hornfels from xenoliths of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and in a hydrothermal pegmatite vein at Mount Eveslogchorr. Aegirine-augite is the predominant pyroxene in all types of nepheline syenites, phonolites and tinguaites, foidolites, alkaline and ultramafic rocks of dike series, fenitized wall rocks surrounding the pluton, and xenoliths of Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Aegirine is an abundant primary or, more often, secondary mineral in nepheline syenites, foidolites, and hydrothermal pegmatite veins. It occurs as separate crystals, outer zones of diopside and aegirine-augite crystals, and homoaxial pseudomorphs after Na-Ca amphiboles. Microprobe analyses of 265 pyroxenes samples allowed us to distinguish ten principal trends of isomorphic replacement and corresponding typomorphic features of pyroxenes. Compositional variations in clinopyroxenes along the sampled 35-km profile from the margin of the Khibiny pluton to its center confirm the symmetric zoning of the foyaite pluton relative to semicircular faults of the Minor Arc and the Main (Central) Ring marked by Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks, foidolites, and related metasomatic rocks (rischorrite, albitite, and aegirinite). Changes in the composition of pyroxenes are explained mainly by the redistribution of elements between coexisting minerals of foyaites in the process of their intense differentiation under the effect of foidolite melts that have intruded into the circular fault zones. 相似文献
17.
18.
The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Rob Kitchin 《GeoJournal》2014,79(1):1-14
‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number of examples, details how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’. Such data, smart city advocates argue enables real-time analysis of city life, new modes of urban governance, and provides the raw material for envisioning and enacting more efficient, sustainable, competitive, productive, open and transparent cities. The final section of the paper provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism, examining five emerging concerns: the politics of big urban data, technocratic governance and city development, corporatisation of city governance and technological lock-ins, buggy, brittle and hackable cities, and the panoptic city. 相似文献
19.
Mechanism analysis of hazards caused by the interaction between groundwater and geo-environment 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Groundwater is as an important geological agent. Moving groundwater may change the geological environment and cause geological hazards. Therefore, the interaction between groundwater and geo-environment has attracted increasing attention of hydrogeologists, geotechnical engineers and environmental geologists. In general, three main types of interaction between groundwater and the geological environment are identified in this paper, with several special processes for each one. These types include physical interaction, with processes of lubrication, softening or weakening and strengthening of bound water, chemical interaction with processes of ion exchange, dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, corrosion and oxidation-reduction, and mechanical interaction with processes of hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure. The interactions between groundwater and the geological environment can affect the deformability and strength of rock or soil masses. The geological process, engineering activity and heat can change the geo-stress field, recharge, throughflow and discharge conditions of groundwater. The consequence of interactions between groundwater flow and geo-stress changes the geological environment. Meanwhile, the interaction processes can induce geological hazards, such as reservoir-induced earthquakes, landslides, flooding of mines, ground engineering hazards, instability of dams, the collapse of cavities in carbonate and evaporate rocks, land subsidence and earthquakes. 相似文献
20.
构造应力场转换与界面成矿 总被引：51，自引：2，他引：49
构造应力场转换与界面成矿是成矿作用动力学的关键和核心,它决定着矿床的形成与分布。构造应力场转换表现为不同层次的构造叠加作用和韧－脆性变形的转换,以及同一构造层次不同时期、不同构造部位应力的转换。成矿界面是物理化学条件突变的空间和场所,是成矿流体停积而发生矿质沉淀、富集、成矿之所在,主要表现为岩性、温度、压力、ｐＨ、Ｅｈ等方面的突变性,其力学性质及岩石的物理性质、化学成分是控制矿体形态、产状、规模,矿石组构,甚至矿石成分的重要因素。它们与构造应力作用大多有相关性,而与构造－流体的脉动性及空间分布关系尤为密切。作者在矿石构造多呈张裂状态,而矿脉、矿体及蚀变带多表现为压剪变形性质的地区详细填图成果基础上,探讨了构造－流体脉动规律与界面成矿机制,提出剪压变形构造岩相向剪张变形构造岩相转换而发生金属硫化物成矿作用的新认识。 相似文献