共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
邕江南宁段水质现状及防治对策探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据影响南宁地区最大的河流——邕江近年污染物排放状况和3个水质控制断面的氨氮、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和石油类等监测资料进行初步分析,本文主要从水质现状、主要污染因子和污染原因考察了邕江的水环境状况。结果显示,邕江水质总体上属于II~III类水质,但部分断面有恶化趋势,主要是溶解氧和氨氮超标;主要污染物为石油类、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数和五日生化需氧量,这表明邕江的污染类型属于典型的有机型污染。同时,也指出了邕江水质污染特征和主要存在的问题,并根据南宁市水污染的成因和水污染因素的分析,提出了保护和改善邕江水质的建议。 相似文献
3.
对于入河排污口设置,通常需对周边地下水、地表水水质、水量、水生态及第三者权益分析,而北方小型河流易发生断流,时常着重于分析对其地下水的影响.以农安县某垃圾填埋场为例,结合水文地质勘察结果,运用Visual MODFLOW软件,模拟预测该垃圾填埋场渗滤液中主要特征污染物COD及氨氮在通过富滨分干排放时对周边地下水污染物的迁移特征,分析对其周边地下水的影响.最终模拟预测结果显示,渗滤液对地下水的影响主要取决于污染因子的浓度、地下水径流的方向、水力梯度、含水层的渗透性和富水性等,其模拟因子COD的最大影响距离均不超过450 m,氨氮的最大影响距离均不超过500 m. 相似文献
4.
在城市河流生态治理中为修复生态系统环境,创造良好的动植物栖息空间和聚集地,尽可能的满足人们对河道宜居环境、人文景观的亲水性要求,提出河道底泥与水质治理、重新设计河道斜堤、发挥生态群落和水生植物吸附作用等水生态一体化技术。通过仿真试验的环境模拟,验证了生态治理技术体系的有效合理性,试验表明:基于河道景观修复、水质治理和斜堤重新设计的水生态治理措施恢复了河流的生态系统,可为太子河水资源保护和河流生态治理规划提供一定的决策依据。 相似文献
5.
娘子关泉水作为阳泉市主要的供水水源,受特定地质结构与人为污染等因素的影响,水质呈现逐年恶化的趋势,部分组分含量目前已处于超标或临界超标状态。在分析泉域岩溶水系统地质结构基础上,通过泉域内各主要河流渗漏量实测与水化学测定,采用物理混合方法评价河流渗漏途径对娘子关泉水水质的污染影响程度。 相似文献
6.
在冰冻圈地区,受到积雪和冰川融水的影响,径流表现出独特的热状况,形成特有的冷水生态系统.由于大气和河流内部过程之间强烈的耦合和高敏感度,河水温度作为生态系统的重要驱动因素在冰川流域表现得尤为显著.通过对冰川径流温度特征、影响因素和热量机制响应等方面的国内外研究现状进行综述,发现冰川径流温度具有温度低、时空变化显著的特征;冰川径流温度影响因素主要有4个方面:水-气界面的热量传输、水-河道及河岸界面热量传输、径流组成、气候变化及人类活动;冰川径流热量机制的响应在河水物理化学性质方面表现为河流水质参数以及热量水分循环的影响,在河流水生生态系统方面表现为水生生态系统的分布和结构随冰川径流温度的变化而变化,且一旦超过某个阈值后,这种变化不可逆. 相似文献
7.
8.
以京杭运河镇江丹徒段辛丰镇、王家桥断面为研究对象,通过对断面所在区域的水环境状况评价和区域污染源特征分析,确定超标污染物因子氨氮、总氮主要污染来源于农业生活源,并识别得到造成水污染的几大主要问题。同时,通过水环境容量的计算和分配,与运河该段的排污量对比,得到现状污染源排放量的需削减量和整治方案,实现断面水质达标,为地方环保管理部门提供了技术支撑,有利于京杭运河水环境的根本化改善。 相似文献
9.
汶川地震对现代河流形态的影响与水文效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年5月12日14时28分,我国四川发生里氏8.0级大地震,发震构造为龙门山断裂带.形成了NE向映秀-北川断裂地表破裂带,彭县-灌县断裂破裂带以及NW向的小鱼洞破裂带,表现为逆冲-走滑性质.目前,有关地表破裂、次生地质灾害及堰塞湖等开展了大量的调查工作,而地震对河流形态的影响还缺少较为系统的分析.在野外地震地貌考察的基础上,根据河流走向与断层位置关系,并结合地表破裂特征,总结了汶川地震对现代河流形态影响的几种地貌类型:顺向陡坎跌水,河道错动,断寨湖(塘),河流改道等,并对其演化趋势进行了讨论.分析了汶川地震的河流水文效应:地震增加了河流泥沙含量,改变了河流水质,同时,也使得河流与地下水系统之间的联系更为紧密. 相似文献
10.
11.
Yindong Tong Wei Zhang Dan Hu Langbo Ou Xindi Hu Tianjun Yang Wen Wei Li Ju Xuejun Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1089-1097
The characteristics of mercury in the aquatic environment have been intensively studied in mining areas with heavy mercury pollution but little work has been conducted in urban areas, with no significant Hg source. This paper presents a study of the Haihe River, which flows through an urban area in North China. The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the river water were 3.6–31.2 and 0.12–3.21 ng/l, and the corresponding values in river sediment were 22.9–374.8 and 0.03–0.46 μg/kg. These values are lower than the reported values from mining areas. The THg concentration in sediment samples collected from the urban areas was higher than that from the rural areas and the global background levels, indicating the influence of urbanization on mercury contamination. Samples of typical riparian and floating plants, reed and hornwort, were collected. Correlation analysis showed that sediment is the major source of THg and MeHg in reed and water is the major source of MeHg in hornwort. The higher bioaccumulation factor of reed indicates its higher potential to accumulate MeHg from the environment. 相似文献
12.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
13.
Floating wetland mesocosm assessment of nutrient removal to reduce ecotoxicity in stormwater ponds 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
N. B. Chang M. K. Islam M. P. Wanielista 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(3):453-462
A grouped mesocosm study was conducted with different water holding capacities and conditions to determine nutrient removal efficiency using floating wetland macrophytes. Different scenarios were created by changing water depth, littoral vegetation, sorption media and area coverage to observe how they affect nutrient removal efficiencies. Plant species were screened and selected based on the literature, local availability and previously performed microcosm studies. Sorption media were warped using geotextile filter fostering microbial colonization in the rhizospheric zone to enhance denitrification and plant growth. Water quality parameters included total nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrate?Cnitrogen and ammonia?Cnitrogen in addition to in situ parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and chlorophyll-a. Composite samples across several locations were collected periodically to understand the spatial distribution or aggregation of nutrients. After 3?months of water quality monitoring, plants were analyzed for tissue nutrient concentrations, and the average uptake rate was calculated as 36.39 and 1.48?mg?m?2?day?1 for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, by the floating treatment wetland system. Finally, considering the higher nutrient aggregation in the rhizospheric zone, the removal rate with 5?% area coverage and water quality improvement by littoral zone, the optimized design, placement and maintenance of the whole system were recommended. 相似文献
14.
潜流驻留时间是反映潜流交换、溶质迁移转化、生物组成、生态过程的重要特征变量。应用双循环可控式河岸带模型,以NaCl为示踪剂,深入研究了河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应;应用量纲分析和主成分分析法,探析了潜流驻留时间的关键影响因子及其作用程度和敏感性。结果表明:①河岸带植被密度对潜流驻留时间具有促进作用,但存在一定的阈值。②潜流驻留时间分布与河岸蜿蜒形态呈类镜像效应;潜流驻留时间在河岸带蜿蜒波不同位置差异明显,迎水面平均驻留时间约为背水面的1/2。③河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度是影响潜流驻留时间的关键因子,总作用程度达91.07%。潜流驻留时间对蜿蜒性最敏感,对植被密度敏感性较弱,对复合因子的敏感性介于两者之间;迎水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有共同促进效应,背水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有抑制和促进双重效应。 相似文献
15.
针对澜沧江高坝大库对物质迁移转化的影响问题, 自主研发了深库智慧采样设备和潜流带动态监测系统, 于2016年、2017年、2018年开展了澜沧江上游1 290 km的9个梯级水库的监测分析, 实现了280 m最大工作水深的垂向分层水样与沉积物样无扰动采集和潜流带水土环境界面的多指标监测。研究发现: 梯级水库促进了水体中生物有效磷、氨氮占比和沉积物中生物有效磷释放的沿程增加;沉积物中甲基汞的分布与泥沙颗粒沉降有关, 受到水力停留时间和库龄的共同调控;温室气体的排放通量因建坝有所提升, 但远低于世界平均水平;潜流带因干湿交替频率和面积的增加, 加强了水库关键带脱氮和温室气体削减效应;水库中微生物群落并未因建坝隔离, 在沿程和垂向上, 水温都是其关键影响因子。 相似文献
16.
潜流驻留时间是反映潜流交换、溶质迁移转化、生物组成、生态过程的重要特征变量。应用双循环可控式河岸带模型，以NaCl为示踪剂，深入研究了河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应；应用量纲分析和主成分分析法，探析了潜流驻留时间的关键影响因子及其作用程度和敏感性。结果表明：①河岸带植被密度对潜流驻留时间具有促进作用，但存在一定的阈值。②潜流驻留时间分布与河岸蜿蜒形态呈类镜像效应；潜流驻留时间在河岸带蜿蜒波不同位置差异明显，迎水面平均驻留时间约为背水面的1/2。③河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度是影响潜流驻留时间的关键因子，总作用程度达91.07%。潜流驻留时间对蜿蜒性最敏感，对植被密度敏感性较弱，对复合因子的敏感性介于两者之间；迎水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有共同促进效应，背水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有抑制和促进双重效应。 相似文献
17.
Assessment of the potential for bank filtration in a water-stressed megacity (Delhi,India) 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
G. Lorenzen C. Sprenger T. Taute Asaf Pekdeger A. Mittal G. Massmann 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(7):1419-1434
In the densely populated semi-arid territory around Delhi, the water demand is rising continuously, while the surface- and
groundwater resources are threatened by contamination and overexploitation. This is a typical scenario in many newly industrialising
and developing countries, where new approaches for a responsible resources management have to be found. Bank filtration holds
a great potential, thus being a low tech method and benefiting from the storage and contaminant attenuation capacity of the
natural soil/rock. For this study, three field sites have been constructed to investigate bank filtration in different environments
in and around the megacity with a main focus on inorganic contaminants. Hydraulic heads, temperature gradients and hydrochemistry
of surface water and groundwater were analysed in three different seasons. Depending on site-specific conditions, distinct
hydrogeological conditions were observed and both positive and negative effects on water quality were identified. Most concerning
issues are the impact of anthropogenic ammonia, the mixing with ambient saline groundwater and the mobilisation of arsenic
during the reductive dissolution of manganese- and iron-(hydr)oxides. Positive aspects are the dilution of contaminants during
the mixing of waters from different sources, the sorption of arsenic, denitrification, and the precipitation of fluoride under
favourable conditions. 相似文献
18.
三峡库区消落带土壤磁性变化规律及成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为动态跟踪三峡库区消落带土壤物性在水位上涨后所受影响,选择重庆市忠县石宝寨镇长江左岸一带作为研究区,以消落带外同类型土壤作对照,从分析不同水位土壤的磁学性质入手,探究三峡库区蓄水前后土壤性质对环境变化的响应。库区蓄水后,不仅导致了消落带内土壤理化性质变化,还使土壤磁性空间分布在不同水位这一维度上发生显著改变。消落带监测断面数据显示,土壤磁性由蓄水前垂直方向上较稳定的分布,变为目前整体上随淹没水深增加而增高的特征;169~175 m高程附近,土壤磁性接近当地同类土壤背景值,而低于此高度尤其是低于157 m后,磁化率值迅速增高。磁性的变化是库区蓄水后土壤磁性矿物组成发生改变造成的,由热磁曲线可知,次生磁铁矿的加入是首要原因。扫描电镜下观测出的浑圆状磁铁矿的最可能来源是上游燃烧化石燃料排放的磁性外来污染物,其随江水输运至此并沉积吸附在土壤颗粒上。研究结果为间接监测污染物的迁移提供了依据。 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2003,18(5):749-764
In this study, adverse impacts of heavy metal pollution, originating from mining, smelting and panning activities, on the aquatic ecosystem of the Lean River in south China, were evaluated by integrating the chemical, toxicological and ecological responses of single and multiple metals in overlying water, surface sediment and floodplain topsoil. The assessment results indicated that a highly localized distribution pattern was closely associated with the pollution sources along the river bank. Based on the combined indices, deterioration of local environmental quality was induced mainly by two sources. One was strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu Mine. Another was high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining/panning activities in the riparian zone. Some possible suggestions on source control may be effective in dealing with these issues. 相似文献
20.
河岸带潜流层动态过程与生态修复 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
河岸带潜流层是河岸带内地表水与地下水相互作用的生态交错带,在水文地理学、生态学、环境学上含义不尽相同。河岸带潜流层具有复杂的垂向、横向、纵向结构特征,其边缘效应显著,表现为泥沙、水流、生物、环境化学因子之间的复杂动态过程,主要包括水动力动态过程、生态学过程、溶质循环与化学过程等。水动力动态过程是驱动条件,氧气浓度是生态过程、溶质循环和化学过程的决定性因素。在各动态过程的驱动下,河岸带潜流层具有调蓄洪水、削减污染、净化缓冲环境和提供适宜栖息地等功能。针对河岸带潜流层功能退化的问题,需开展健康诊断,明确致病机理,实施适宜的生态修复。未来中国在开展河岸带潜流层研究时,应根据中国河岸带特点,采用示踪试验、数值模拟等方法,集成GIS等现代技术手段,研究多尺度下,水文条件、地形变化、土壤渗透系数、河岸带建设方式、植被分布等对河岸带潜流层水文、热传导、生化、生态等的影响机制,准确界定河岸带潜流层区域范围,制定适宜的生态修复策略。 相似文献