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1.
The Bohai Bay Basin is a region where part of the North China Craton has been thinned and destroyed. It has experienced two periods of crustal thinning that occurred during the Cretaceous and Paleogene, but investigations of its Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric thermal structure are limited. Therefore, in this study,the distributions of mantle heat flow, crustal heat flow, and Moho temperatures during the Meso-Cenozoic are calculated based on analyses of the thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results indicate that the ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow peaked during the late stages of the early Cretaceous and during the middle to late Paleogene. The corresponding mantle heat flow was more than 65% of the surface heat flow. Moho temperatures reached three peaks: 900-1100℃ in the late stages of the early Cretaceous;820-900℃ in the middle to late Paleogene; and(in the Linqing Depression, Cangxian Uplift, and Jizhong Depression) 770-810℃ during the early Neogene. These results reveal that the Bohai Bay Basin experienced significant geological change during the Cretaceous, including the transformation of lithospheric thermal structure from "cold mantle and hot crust" before the Cretaceous to "hot mantle and cold crust" after the Cretaceous. The results also indicate that the basin experienced two large-scale rifting events.Therefore, this work may provide the thermal parameters for further investigations of the geodynamic evolution of eastern China.  相似文献   

2.
渤海湾盆地形成与华北克拉通破坏   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12  
渤海湾盆地是一个中、新生代盆地,位于华北克拉通的东部地块上,是华北克拉通破坏的中心区域。渤海湾盆地的结构、构造记录了华北克拉通破坏的构造过程。文章综合10a来据三维地震资料揭示的渤海湾盆地构造,和20a来渤海湾盆地周边华北克拉通区域中、新生代构造和地球化学研究成果,系统提出华北克拉通破坏期间,渤海湾盆地深、浅部的构造机制分别为:中生代浅部构造机制是挤出构造成因,深部构造机制为局部有限的拆沉+底侵模式;新生代构造机制是北西向壳内伸展机制,与印度和欧亚板块碰撞激发的软流圈的东扩远程效应和太平洋俯冲带的跃迁式东撤的联合效应——区域性"西进东退"的深部机制有关。  相似文献   

3.
李理  赵利  刘海剑  房贤云 《地质科学》2015,50(2):446-472
渤海湾盆地是一个在早白垩世被动裂陷盆地基础上发育起来的新生代主动裂陷盆地, 走滑作用贯穿始终, 特别是在兰聊-盐山断层以东, 使这个裂陷盆地具有鲜明的走滑特征。伸展和走滑作用此消彼长, 伸展构造和走滑构造相互叠加、转换, 垂向上相互叠置、交切, 并由此导致变换带的产生。晚中生代以来太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的方向和速度变化、后撤以及板片窗效应、中始新世印欧板块碰撞导致的地幔上涌是控制盆地形成的深部背景, 郯庐断裂带早白垩世强烈的左行走滑、古新世-早始新世弱的左行走滑以及中始新世后的右行走滑活动也深刻地控制和影响着盆地的发育, 盆地内晚中生代-新生代的伸展和走滑构造的演化则是其浅部响应, 并由此控制着岩浆活动以及油气生成、运聚和分布的时空迁移。  相似文献   

4.
渤海湾盆地晚中生代以来伸展模式及动力学机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
赵利  李理 《中国地质》2016,(2):470-485
通过分析盆地区大陆伸展模型参数、火成岩地球化学特征时空演化、岩石圈分层伸展几何学和运动学、应力场-变形场的匹配和演化,文章对渤海湾盆地晚中生代以来伸展断陷的动力学过程进行了系统讨论。晚中生代,盆地北、西部以变质核杂岩模式伸展,南、东部以宽裂陷模式伸展;在岩石圈伸展过程中,地壳变形方式为简单剪切,岩石圈地幔变形方式为纯剪切;盆地处于洋壳俯冲背景下弧后伸展区,盆地及西、北部隆起区岩石圈地幔为EM1型,而南、东部隆起区受扬子板块俯冲改造成类似EM2型;盆地变形的力源为板块相对运动产生的引张力,以及郯庐断裂的走滑作用。新生代,渤海湾盆地以窄裂陷模式伸展,地壳和岩石圈地幔变形方式均为纯剪,但岩石圈地幔伸展强度大于地壳;盆地处于大陆内裂谷环境,软流圈地幔上涌并改造岩石圈地幔,且盆地裂陷的力源以软流圈地幔上涌产生的引张力为主。  相似文献   

5.
曹忠祥 《地质科学》2008,43(1):65-81
应用通过营口—潍坊断裂带及相关新生代盆地的地震剖面,采用专业软件分别计算了潍北凹陷、青东凹陷、莱州湾凹陷、黄河口凹陷、渤中凹陷、渤东凹陷、辽中凹陷和辽东凹陷的伸展量及构造沉降量,表明虽然同受断裂带走滑和软流圈上涌控制,但不同区段新生代伸展作用方向、主要发生时间和强度都有差别。南段是南北方向伸展,伸展作用主要发生在古新-始新世孔店组—沙河街组三段沉积时期;中段渤中—辽东湾南部地区具有多向伸展特征,近东西方向和南北方向伸展作用最为强烈,主要伸展作用发生在中-晚始新世、渐新世和新近纪,特别是以新近纪强烈伸展作用区别于其它地区;北段即辽东湾中-北部地区主要是北西—南东方向伸展,主要伸展活动发生在中始新世沙河街组三段和渐新世东营组沉积时期。文章总结了4种不同类型的沉降,指出新生代的构造活动随时间有自南向北推移和自两侧向中间迁移的规律,提出不同方向断裂带的活化和新近纪北东东向新生构造的形成是裂陷强度向中间迁移并产生4种不同沉降类型盆地的原因。  相似文献   

6.
渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布 ,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来 ,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用 ,使华北地台解体 ,地壳薄化 ,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地。在盆地内 ,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖曳构造、重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造。受老第三纪构造旋回与古气候旋回控制 ,在沉积建造上形成了 5个不整合或假整合界面和 4套层序叠覆的层序结构 ,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进超覆层之间 ,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等 ,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。  相似文献   

7.
渤海湾盆地陷隐蔽油气藏   总被引:31,自引:2,他引:29  
谯汉生  王明明 《地学前缘》2000,7(4):497-506
渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用,使华北地台解体,地壳薄化,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地,在盆地内,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖构造,重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造,受老老三纪构造放回与古气修旋回控制,在沉积建设上形成了5个不整合或假整合界面和4套层序叠覆的层序结构,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进笔层水间,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。  相似文献   

8.
渤海西南海域自中生代以来历经多期构造活动,记录了华北克拉通的破坏过程。为了明晰渤海西南海域中生代构造演化与区域构造间的关系,以研究区三维地震资料以及深层钻井资料为基础,结合区域构造背景,厘定了研究区中生代构造特征,恢复了中生代构造演化过程,并探讨了其动力学机制及其对华北克拉通破坏的响应。结果表明:(1)不同于渤海湾盆地陆上油区NEE向的构造面貌,渤海西南海域发育多走向、多类型构造,三维地震资料揭示中生代发育NWW向负反转裂陷、NEE向走滑逆冲、挤压褶皱等异于新生代伸展样式的特殊构造,其中尤以NWW向负反转构造占主导。(2)渤海西南海域中生代以来经历了印支期逆冲褶皱成山、燕山早期左旋逆冲改造、燕山中期裂陷反转以及燕山晚期褶皱等多期变形过程, 其中印支期逆冲褶皱是潜山形成的关键时期,而燕山中期反转是构造体制发生变革的关键时期。(3)NWW向构造的形成与印支期华南板块与华北板块的碰撞有关,燕山早期左旋走滑是太平洋板块NWW向俯冲于华北板块之下的结果,代表太平洋构造域接替古特提斯构造域控制华北板块变形;燕山中期的裂陷反转与区域大规模中基性岩浆活动相对应,是华北克拉通大规模破坏的浅层响应。印支期NWW向先存构造燕山中期反转裂陷模式的提出,丰富了传统华北克拉通破坏形成NEE向盆地的简单构造模式。  相似文献   

9.
We integrated a systematic sedimentary data into a regional Early Mesozoic stratigraphic framework which demonstrated a detailed picture of spatiotemporal variations in basin deposition and formation in the North China Craton. The Early Mesozoic basin sedimentary evolution is utilized to interpret polyphase tectonism and to unravel the craton deformation. The Late Triassic, nearly WNW-trending, giant intracratonic Ordos basin was widely distributed across most of North China Craton, with a southern wedge-top depozone along the northern East Qilian–Qinling orogenic belt and a northwestern rift depozone along the Helanshan. The continuous subsidence and deposition within the basin were dominantly related to the thrust load of the East Qilian–Qinling belt and inferred mantle flow effects associated with paleotethys plate subduction, and the rift in the northwestern Ordos was driven by nearly north-vergent compression of the eastern North Qilian–North Qinling active margins with the stable North China Craton. This intracratonic Ordos basin formation initiated the deformation of the North China Craton. Formation of the Jurassic NNE-trending walled intracratonic Ordos basin and the broken flexural basins indicates the North China Craton underwent the second, even more abroad nearly NNE trending crustal deformation, with lithosphere thickening in the eastern part of the North China Craton, and dynamic subsidence in the west, which may have been driven by nearly northwestward subduction of the Izanagi plate and the eastward extrusion and underthrusting of the western North China Craton crustal basement.  相似文献   

10.
华北裂陷盆地不同块体地壳结构及演化研究   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
通过对华北裂陷盆地内不同块体的深地震测深资料处理 ,得到与构造演化过程相关的、不同性质块体的地壳结构特征。盆地隆起区块体地壳一般呈均匀成层 ,速度随深度逐层增加 ,保留了古大陆地壳块体的稳定结构特征 ;盆地坳陷区块体地壳松散巨厚的表层沉积、通常低速占主导的壳内构造、强反射的下地壳和高低速相间的薄互层壳 幔过渡带 ,反映了上地幔物质上隆、侵入、地壳增温、张裂等塑、脆性变形改造的新生地壳构造。讨论了这两类截然不同块体地壳构造的地球动力学演化及形成。裂陷区内中强地震的孕发和深源矿产、油气生贮存等都与这两类块体地壳结构、构造密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
地壳的拆离作用与华北克拉通破坏:晚中生代伸展构造约束   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
伸展条件下的地壳拆离作用是岩石圈减薄的重要浅部构造响应。晚中生代时期的伸展构造(包括拆离断层、变质核杂岩构造和断陷盆地)在华北、华南、东北和东蒙古及贝加尔地区普遍发育,它们切过上部地壳(断陷盆地)、中、上地壳(拆离断层)或中部地壳(变质核杂岩)。地壳拆离作用具有运动学极性(NWW或SEE)、几何学宏观(区域)对称与微观(局部)不对称性、遍布全区但不均匀性,以及形成时间的跨越性(140~60Ma)等特点,并使得地壳和岩石圈发生显著的减薄。本文研究揭示出现今岩石圈厚度变化与晚中生代伸展构造的发育程度和分布之间并没有必然的联系。其变化的基本规律是,除新生代裂陷发育区岩石圈厚度明显较小且厚度有迅速变化外,从华北向贝加尔地区总体的变化趋势是逐渐加厚,也即东亚地区岩石圈具有楔形形态。晚中生代时期的地壳(或地幔)拆离作用伴随着广泛的岩石圈减薄作用,区域岩石圈同时遭受到一定程度的减薄和破坏,华北克拉通在这一时期的破坏仅仅是区域岩石圈减薄在华北的具体体现。  相似文献   

12.
雅布赖盆地构造演化与油气聚集   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
雅布赖含油气盆地位于中国西部河西走廊地区北部,处于华北克拉通阿尔善地块中南部过渡带,属北祁连构造带,中生代为走滑拉分盆地,新生代为挤压冲断坳陷盆地。燕山早期,形成东西向雅布赖拉张断陷,主控断裂为北大山正断层,沉积中心位于盆地南部;燕山中期,碰撞造山作用致使盆地北部急剧抬升,北部中-下侏罗统地层遭受强烈剥蚀;燕山晚期,阿拉善地块及其北部地区处于伸展构造环境,雅布赖山前产生东西向正断层,急剧活动,快速沉降,形成了北东向展布的新的拉张断陷盆地。喜马拉雅期,在挤压走滑作用下,雅布赖盆地南部形成北西向南倾逆冲的推覆构造,致使北大山正断层发生错断瓦解,最终形成"东隆西坳,南断北超"的挤压坳陷构造格局。雅布赖盆地主体沉积凹陷具有较强分割性,沉降凹陷分布于南部,最大沉积岩厚度为5 400 m;凹陷内侏罗系最为发育,中侏罗统新河组、青土井组暗色泥岩、煤岩为烃源岩,砂岩为储集层,新河组泥岩互层作盖层,构成盆地内最主要的含油气组合。由于雅布赖盆地特定的早期深埋,晚期抬升破坏构造格局,造就侏罗系砂岩储层早期强烈压实致密,侏罗系煤系烃源岩成熟较晚,构造发育期与烃源岩排烃期不匹配,生成油气主要表现为近源成藏与层内滞留,形成源内自生自储,致密油应是主要勘探对象。  相似文献   

13.
从华北克拉通中、西部结构的区域差异性探讨克拉通破坏   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
详细的深部结构信息是深入认识华北克拉通显生宙改造和破坏的重要依据。基于密集流动地震台阵和固定台网记录的远震P波和S波接收函数资料,获得了跨越华北克拉通东、中、西部的3条剖面的岩石圈和上地幔结构图像,揭示了克拉通不同区域深部结构特征的显著差异。与东部普遍减薄的岩石圈(60~100km)相比,中、西部表现出厚、薄岩石圈共存的强烈横向非均匀性,既在稳定的鄂尔多斯盆地之下保留着厚达200km的岩石圈,又在新生代银川—河套和陕西—山西裂陷区存在厚度<100km的薄岩石圈,差异最大的厚、薄岩石圈仅相距约200km。岩石圈厚度在东、中部边界附近的约100km横向范围内显示出20~40km的迅速增加。岩石圈厚度的快速变化与地表地形从东向西的突然改变以及南北重力梯度带的位置大致吻合,并对应于地壳结构、地幔转换带厚度和660km间断面结构的快速变化。这种从地表到上地幔底部深、浅结构的耦合变化特征表明,东西两侧区域在显生宙可能经历了不同的岩石圈构造演化和深部地幔动力学过程。克拉通东部薄的地壳、岩石圈和厚的地幔转换带以及复杂的660km间断面结构可能与中生代以来太平洋板块深俯冲及其相关过程对这一地区岩石圈的改造和破坏有关;而中、西部存在显著减薄的岩石圈这一观测结果,并结合岩石、地球化学资料表明,克拉通岩石圈改造和减薄不仅发生在东部,而且可能影响了包括中、西部在内的更广泛的区域。岩石圈薄于100km的中、西部裂陷区可能与先前存在于岩石圈中的局部构造薄弱带相联系。这些古老岩石圈薄弱带可能经历了后期构造事件的多次改造,并在新生代印度—欧亚陆陆碰撞过程中被进一步弱化、减薄,最终造成地表裂陷。另一方面,中、西部总体较厚的地壳、岩石圈以及正常偏薄的地幔转换带表明,同太平洋深俯冲对东部的作用相比,包括印度—欧亚大陆碰撞在内的多期热-构造事件对该地区的构造演化影响相对较弱,不足以大范围改造和破坏高强度的克拉通岩石圈地幔根,从而造成了该地区现今岩石圈结构的高度横向不均匀。  相似文献   

14.
以最新的地质 地球物理资料和北黄海盆地构造几何学特征为基础,采用盆地反演模拟与宏观分析相结合的方法,系统解析了北黄海盆地的构造运动学特征。研究表明,北黄海盆地在中、新生代时期经历了水平伸展、水平挤压、相对平移(走滑)以及垂直差异升降等几种运动型式,其中,水平伸展运动和垂直差异升降运动是北黄海盆地构造运动及形成演化的主体。水平伸展运动可以划分为J3-K1、E2和E3三个主要“伸展事件”,并控制着盆地的成盆演化,其南北向伸展强度均东强西弱,东西向最大伸展强度自中生代到新生代由东向西迁移。水平挤压运动主要有晚白垩世和渐新世末-中新世初期两期。相对平移(走滑)运动伴随水平伸展运动和水平挤压运动发生,使多数NNE向、NW向断裂具有相对压扭或张扭平移(走滑)性质,其中尤以NNE向断裂更为明显。垂直差异升降运动具有“幕式”渐进之特点,晚侏罗世、早白垩世、始新世、渐新世以及中新世中晚期以来为沉降期,其中尤以始新世的沉降速率最大,晚白垩世、古新世、中新世早期为抬升剥蚀期;盆地的中、新生代沉降作用具有明显的自东向西迁移规律:东部坳陷以中生代沉降作用最为显著,中部坳陷主沉降期为始新世,而西部坳陷的快速沉降主要发生在始新世,并一直持续到渐新世。  相似文献   

15.
The extensional architecture of the Northern Carnarvon Basin can be explained in terms of changes in lithospheric rheology during multiphase extension and lower crustal flow. Low‐angle detachments, while playing a minor role, are not considered to have been the primary mechanism for extension as suggested in previous models. Early extension (Cambrian‐Ordovician) in the Northern Carnarvon Basin is characterised by low‐angle detachment structures of limited regional extent. These structures have a spatial association with a Proterozoic mobile belt on the margin of the Pilbara Craton. Thermo‐mechanical conditions in the mobile belt may have predisposed the highly deformed crust to thin‐skinned extension and detachment development. Permo‐Carboniferous extension generated an extensive wide rift basin, suggesting ductile rheologies associated with intermediate lithospheric temperatures and crustal thickness. Thick Upper Permian to Upper Triassic post‐rift sequences and marked thinning of the lower crust occurred in association with only a small amount of extension in the upper crust. This observation can be reconciled by considering outward lower crustal flow, from beneath the basin towards the basin margin, following extension. Strong mid‐crustal reflectors, which occur over large areas of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, probably represent a boundary between flow and non‐flow regimes rather than detachment fault surfaces as in previous models. Crustal thinning and thermal decay following Permo‐Carboniferous extension contributed to the increased strength and brittle behaviour of the lithosphere. Consequently, Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous extension resulted in the development of far more localised narrow rift systems on the margins of the preceding wide rift basin. Diapiric intrusions are associated with the narrow rift basin development, resulting from either remobilisation of ductile lower crustal rock or the initial formation of sea‐floor spreading centres.  相似文献   

16.
《Tectonophysics》1999,301(1-2):61-74
In 1994, the ACRUP (Antarctic Crustal Profile) project recorded a 670-km-long geophysical transect across the southern Ross Sea to study the velocity and density structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the West Antarctic rift system. Ray-trace modeling of P- and S-waves recorded on 47 ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) records, with strong seismic arrivals from airgun shots to distances of up to 120 km, show that crustal velocities and geometries vary significantly along the transect. The three major sedimentary basins (early-rift grabens), the Victoria Land Basin, the Central Trough and the Eastern Basin are underlain by highly extended crust and shallow mantle (minimum depth of about 16 km). Beneath the adjacent basement highs, Coulman High and Central High, Moho deepens, and lies at a depth of 21 and 24 km, respectively. Crustal layers have P-wave velocities that range from 5.8 to 7.0 km/s and S-wave velocities from 3.6 to 4.2 km/s. A distinct reflection (PiP) is observed on numerous OBS from an intra-crustal boundary between the upper and lower crust at a depth of about 10 to 12 km. Local zones of high velocities and inferred high densities are observed and modeled in the crust under the axes of the three major sedimentary basins. These zones, which are also marked by positive gravity anomalies, may be places where mafic dikes and sills pervade the crust. We postulate that there has been differential crustal extension across the West Antarctic rift system, with greatest extension beneath the early-rift grabens. The large amount of crustal stretching below the major rift basins may reflect the existence of deep crustal suture zones which initiated in an early stage of the rifting, defined areas of crustal weakness and thereby enhanced stress focussing followed by intense crustal thinning in these areas. The ACRUP data are consistent with the prior concept that most extension and basin down-faulting occurred in the Ross Sea during late Mesozoic time, with relatively small extension, concentrated in the western half of the Ross Sea, during Cenozoic time.  相似文献   

17.
Thermal structure of the lithosphere studies the partition of crustal and mantle heat flow of the continental area and is of significant importance to understand various energy‐related geodynamic processes. The study addresses the spatial distribution of the Meso‐Cenozoic mantle heat flow and Moho temperatures in the region of the Bohai Bay Basin based on the thermal history of the sedimentary basin, radioactive heat production rate and thickness of crustal layering. The results show that the ratio of the mantle and surface heat flow (qm/qs) experienced two peaks in the late period of the Early Cretaceous (qm/qs ~ 68%) and the Middle to Late Palaeogene (qm/qs ~ 75%), respectively. Based on the qm/qs ratio, the lithosphere of the Bohai Bay Basin transformed its thermal structure during the Meso‐Cenozoic, from the ‘cold mantle but hot crust’ stage in the Triassic–Jurassic to the ‘hot mantle but cold crust’ stage in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The Moho temperatures (Tm) during the Meso‐Cenozoic were also calculated by using the equation of one‐dimensional heat conduction, and the result shows that there exist three Tm peaks occurring in the late period of the Early Cretaceous (930–1080 °C), the Middle‐Late Palaeogene (820–890 °C) and the Early Neogene (770–810 °C). The qm/qs ratio began to exceed 50%, and the Moho temperature started to go over 700 °C from the Cretaceous to the present day, which revealed that the activity of the upper mantle in the eastern North China Craton (NCC) increased significantly accompanied by the strong crustal movement in the Cretaceous. The thermal structure revealed the Cretaceous to be a revolutionary period during the evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin, and this paper may provide some thermal evidence for the studies of the geodynamic evolution during the destruction of the NCC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
以深部地球物理资料为基础,结合大地构造环境、岩浆岩同位素示踪及矿产资源分布规律,加以综合分析.通过热力学计算可知,中国东部近2亿年来的上地幔岩石圈/软流圈构造可以存留至今,且能区分出中、新生代.软流圈上涌与矿集区:(1)中生代金属矿:(a)克拉通区,软流圈沿柱身上涌,其柱头上方形成幔壳混熔花岗质岩及相应Au、Cu、Mo、Pb-Zn等矿集区,并于柱身与岩石圈块体陡接触带,形成中基性杂岩及相应富Fe矿集区;(b)褶皱带区,在软流圈上涌柱上方形成近幔源型花岗质岩,相应为Cu、Au、Pb-Zn、Mo、Ag矿集区;(c)南岭带,软流圈层在适当深度、热量充足、较大范围内"平卧",因热传导而致使地壳内物质部分重熔,形成壳源型花岗质岩及相应的W、Sn、稀有元素矿集区;(2)新生代油气田:(a)与太平洋板块俯冲有关的软流圈上涌,其上方出露玄武岩,形成较大型油田;(b)与裂陷盆地有关的软流圈上涌,其上方形成大型油田,也有中小型油田.软流圈上涌与大地构造:中生代J-K时期,通过构造力特征等的综合分析,阐明燕山运动的根源及其影响;新生代侧重剖析大陆裂谷相关特征.总之,软流圈上涌是岩石圈减薄,以及中、新生代构造-岩浆-矿集区形成的根源.  相似文献   

19.
张岳桥  施炜  董树文 《地质学报》2019,93(5):971-1001
作为大陆内部典型的伸展断陷区和强震活动区,华北地区处于东部太平洋板块俯冲构造和西部印欧大陆碰撞构造的双重大地构造背景之下,其新构造运动相当复杂:西部沿鄂尔多斯地块周缘两个地堑盆地系引张伸展断陷作用、中部太行山块体的局部断陷和整体隆升、东部华北平原区和渤海湾海域区的区域沉降,南缘沿秦岭构造带的左旋走滑拉张活动,东缘沿郯庐断裂带的右旋挤压走滑活动。这些不同类型的断裂构造在晚新生代的阶段性活动,产生了复杂的构造地貌组合特征。综合研究发现,华北晚新生代经历了3期伸展断陷-挤压隆升演化阶段:新近纪晚期(10~2.5 Ma)、早中更新世和晚更新世以来。地壳引张应力方向或NW-SE、或NE-SW向;地块隆升导致湖盆的消亡,挤压应力方向为NE-SW至W-E向。研究认为,华北地区新构造受两个岩石圈构造过程的相互影响:印欧碰撞产生的远程效应和东部岩石圈地幔的上涌。一方面,青藏高原东北缘地块的持续推挤及其构造应力向东的传递导致鄂尔多斯地块反时针旋转和秦岭山地的向东挤出逃逸,这个挤出构造动力学统治了华北地区晚新生代的引张伸展、斜张走滑和挤压变形。尤其是,新近纪晚期强烈的NW-SE向地壳伸展变形与青藏东缘挤出造山作用同步(10~9 Ma至4.2 Ma);上新世末期(约2.5 Ma)、晚更新世早期(约200~70 ka)和晚更新世晚期—全新世(约20 ka以来)3次构造挤压事件与青藏高原东缘构造事件基本对应。另一方面,岩石圈地幔上涌主导了华北东部平原区的区域地壳沉降,同时伴随着早、中更新世的5期幔源火山活动。这两个岩石圈构造作用力此消彼长,深刻统治着华北地区新构造与现今活动构造以及地震构造。  相似文献   

20.
采用LA-ICP-MS方法对郯庐断裂带巢湖—庐江段的晚中生代火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学研究。由6个样品获得的该处火山喷发时间在距今125~93Ma,为早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世初期,经历了32Ma的喷发历史。与附近的庐枞盆地、北大别造山带及北淮阳地区相比,该地火山喷发具有较晚的结束时间,说明岩石圈减薄具有相对强烈的程度和较长的持续时间。93Ma是已知的华北克拉通残留富集岩石圈地幔最晚的岩浆岩年代学记录。锆石的饱和温度计算、岩浆中较低的MgO含量和Mg#值均不支持岩浆由拆沉的下地壳部分熔融形成,岩浆活动的可能成因是壳幔相互作用,岩浆源区具有由幔源向壳源再过渡到幔源的时间演化顺序。这暗示断裂带下强烈的软流圈上涌引起岩石圈地幔的熔融(距今125Ma),随后岩石圈持续的减薄作用导致其内部热流升高,出现了以流纹岩为代表的地热异常背景下地壳源区的部分熔融(距今120Ma),而最终岩石圈强烈减薄背景下的软流圈物质参与岩浆过程可能是晚期幔源岩浆(距今93Ma)的成因。  相似文献   

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