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1.
福建省紫金山矿田五子骑龙铜矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
五子骑龙浆控高温热液型铜矿床位于紫金山矿田北东侧,产于紫金山复式花岗岩内,含矿岩体为燕山早期黑云母二长花岗岩。矿石构造类型主要有脉状和网脉状、浸染状。根据矿物组合与脉体穿插关系,将脉体分为4个阶段。阶段1为绢云母化-迪开石化-硅化蚀变带的石英±钾长石脉;阶段2为被明矾石化-硅化叠加的绢云母化-迪开石-硅化蚀变带的石英-斑铜矿-黄铜矿-蓝辉铜矿-黄铁矿脉±铜蓝;阶段3为石英-铜蓝-黄铁矿脉体;阶段4为明矾石化-硅化蚀变带中的石英±石膏±方解石脉。阶段1发育WV类、C类和少量WL包裹体,阶段2发育WV类、C类和WL类包裹体,阶段3发育WL类和少量WV类包裹体,阶段4只发育WL类包裹体。含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)仅见于隐爆角砾岩体中花岗闪长斑岩的石英斑晶中。阶段1均一温度集中在362~570℃之间,盐度为4%~19.92% NaCleqv,流体体系为NaCl-CO2-H2O体系。阶段2均一温度集中在306~390℃,盐度为0.35%~13.94% NaCleqv,流体沸腾现象显著,CO2等挥发份逸失。阶段3均一温度集中在233~308℃,盐度为0.18%~14.67% NaCleqv。阶段4均一温度降至132~230℃,盐度降至0.88%~6.16% NaCleqv。总体而言,流体从初始的高温NaCl-CO2-H2O体系演化为最终的低温NaCl-H2O体系,期间发生了流体沸腾作用、CO2等挥发份逸失、金属硫化物沉淀、大气降水混入等。 相似文献
2.
河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床地质和流体包裹体研究 总被引：21，自引：15，他引：6
河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床。其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石-磁铁矿-辉钼矿-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐±黄铁矿组合为标志。石英中可见水溶液包裹体、CO2-H2O型包裹体、纯CO2包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段石英中只有水溶液包裹体。早阶段和中阶段还发育特殊的含子晶的CO2包裹体,这在以往的斑岩型矿床中鲜有报道。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度>375℃,盐度最高可达62.10％NaCleqv,包裹体内含大量指示氧化条件的赤铁矿子晶以及一些石盐、钾盐、黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶。中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在235~335℃,盐度为1.06％~45.87％NaCleqv。除石盐、钾盐子晶外,还含大量黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶,表明中阶段还原性较强。晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115~195℃,盐度较低,介于1.91％~9.98％NaCleqv。中阶段强烈的流体沸腾作用是导致成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制。总之,初始成矿流体为岩浆热液,以高温、高盐度、高氧化性、富CO2、高金属元素含量为特征;中阶段流体发生沸腾,导致CO2逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质快速沉淀;晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、无子晶、贫CO2为特征,属于大气降水热液。汤家坪钼矿床发育特殊的含子晶的CO2包裹体,可作为大陆碰撞造山带产出富含CO2的斑岩成矿系统的典型实例。 相似文献
3.
滇西北雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
雪鸡坪中型斑岩铜矿床位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧,成矿斑岩为石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩,属于印支期产物。含矿岩体蚀变分带明显,由中心向外发育强硅化带→石英绢云母化带→粘土化-石英绢云母化带→青磐岩化带,工业矿体赋存于斑岩体中心强硅化和石英绢云母化带内。矿化类型以网脉状矿化为主,细脉浸染状矿化不发育。本文对主要矿化阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体系统进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究,发现与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为水溶液包裹体、CO2包裹体和含子矿物包裹体3类,子矿物主要为石盐、方解石、赤铁矿和少量CaCl2水合物及不透明硫化物。其中含子矿物包裹体均一温度为230～420℃,盐度为33．48％～75．40％NaCl equiv．,密度为1．01～1．09g／cm^3。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分为H2O和CO2。早期水溶液包裹体和CO2包裹体共生,其均一温度相近,以及纯CO2包裹体的发现,指示成矿流体存在不混溶现象,这种不混溶是由原始岩浆流体“二次沸腾”作用产生的。CO2相分离、温压条件降低和pH值升高是雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿硫化物沉淀的主要原因。晚期低温、低盐度的流体可能来源于大气降水与岩浆流体的混和,对矿化的意义不大。 相似文献
4.
辽宁弓长岭铁矿床二矿区流体包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
弓长岭铁矿床二矿区富铁矿体在空间上与由石榴子石、角闪石、绿泥石等矿物组成的交代岩关系密切,显示与热液活动相关。根据交代岩中矿物共生组合、交代岩与矿体的穿插交代关系等特征,将弓长岭铁矿床二矿区富矿成矿过程分为早期热液交代阶段、晚期热液交代阶段和石英脉阶段。对这3个阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明,不同测定对象中的流体包裹体类型相似,主要有富液相、富气相及含子矿物多相包裹体等类型。但它们的均一温度和盐度有明显差别,早期热液交代阶段石英中的包裹体均一温度主要集中于340~398℃,盐度主要集中于0.88%~6.3%和33.5%~40.6%两个区间,成矿流体以富CO2的CO2-CH4-H2O的中低盐度、中高温热液流体为主,并混有含石盐子矿物的高盐度、中高温热液流体,有大量磁铁矿富矿形成;晚期热液交代阶段石英中的包裹体均一温度主要集中于230~280℃,盐度主要集中于0.88%~4.96%,该阶段成矿流体为含CO2的CO2-H2O±CH4的中低温、低盐度热液流体,是富矿的较重要成矿阶段;石英脉阶段石英中的包裹体均一温度主要集中于150~180℃,盐度主要集中于1.06%~2.07%,该阶段流体为含CO2-H2O的低盐度、低温的热液流体,与富矿的形成关系不大。 相似文献
5.
准噶尔北部希勒库都克斑岩钼铜矿床地质与成矿流体 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
希勒库都克斑岩铜钼矿床铜钼矿化与安山玢岩脉、英安玢岩脉有关,蚀变有钾长石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化等,向外发育绿泥石化、深部发育夕卡岩型蚀变。浅部以钼矿化为主,向深部铜钼矿化并存。与典型的斑岩型矿床相比,其石英中流体包裹体少而小,气体包裹体少,含CO2包裹体及含子矿物包裹体发育,子矿物以NaCl为主,基本不出现KCl子矿物。钼富集处出现了富CO2流体的沸腾,铜富集处出现了成群分布的含大子矿物包裹体,沸腾消失。钼的成矿主要与富CO2成矿流体沸腾及斑岩型蚀变和夕卡岩蚀变有关,钼主要源于地壳,成矿温度为280~530℃,集中在300~400℃左右。铜主要与直接从深源基性岩浆出溶的高盐度流体及夕卡岩型蚀变有关,铜主要源于上地幔,主要成矿温度低于350℃。晚期流体的成矿温度为180~300℃左右。希勒库都克矿床成矿流体特征反映了壳源与幔源流体混合、岩浆热液与天水混合的特征。 相似文献
6.
安徽铜陵胡村南铜钼矿床流体成矿过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胡村南铜钼矿床是在安徽铜陵铜(金)矿集区中发现的第一个矽卡岩-斑岩复合型铜钼矿床,在长江中下游成矿带具有特殊性和典型性。文章对该矿床进行了矿床地质和流体包裹体研究,旨在查明该矿床的流体成矿过程。胡村南铜钼矿床流体成矿过程可以划分为高温气成热液期、中高温热液期和低温热液期3个成矿期。高温气成热液期发育钾长石化和矽卡岩化,中高温热液期发育绿泥石化、绿帘石化和绢云母化,而低温热液期主要发育碳酸盐化。其中,中高温热液期为主要矿化期,形成辉钼矿和黄铜矿等多种硫化物网脉。高温气成热液期矿物中发育富液相和含子晶多相包裹体,中高温热液期矿物中也主要发育富液相包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但可见少量的富气相包裹体,低温热液期矿物中只发育富液相包裹体。从高温气成热液期经中高温热液期到低温热液期,成矿流体均一温度从435℃以上,经203~458℃,降低到156~276℃;盐度w(NaCleq)从14.0%~64.9%,经4.6%~47.5%,降低到1.0%~15.5%。成矿流体在其演化过程中发生过不混溶作用和沸腾作用。不混溶作用发生在气成热液期,使成矿流体中的成矿元素大量富集。沸腾作用发生在中高温热液期,导致成矿流体中的成矿元素卸载而沉淀出大量金属硫化物。 相似文献
7.
福建省紫金山矿田罗卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：27，自引：5，他引：22
罗卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿位于紫金山矿田北东侧,产于四坊花岗闪长岩和罗卜岭花岗闪长斑岩体内。矿体平面上呈半环形展布,空间上呈马鞍状,矿石主要为浸染状和网脉状构造。根据矿物组合与脉体穿插关系,将矿区各类热液脉体分为早、中、晚三阶段,分别为:早阶段钾长石-石英±磁铁矿±辉钼矿脉,产于钾化蚀变带;中阶段石英±辉钼矿脉±黄铜矿±黄铁矿脉和硬石膏-黄铜矿脉,产于被绢英岩化叠加的钾化蚀变带和绢英岩化蚀变带;晚阶段石英±石膏±黄铁矿脉,产于绢英岩化带和明矾石-迪开石-绢英岩化蚀变带。早、中阶段脉石矿物中以富气相水溶液和含子晶包裹体为主,其次为CO2包裹体和富液相水溶液包裹体,偶见纯CO2类包裹体;晚阶段仅发育富液相的水溶液包裹体。早阶段包裹体均一温度集中在420~540℃之间,盐度介于0.4%~62.9% NaCleqv,流体属NaCl-CO2-H2O体系。中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在340~480℃,盐度为0.5%~56.0% NaCleqv,CO2含量降低,压力、氧逸度低于早阶段。晚阶段水溶液包裹体均一温度为140~280℃,盐度为0.4%~8.4% NaCleqv。中阶段流体沸腾作用强烈,导致大量硫化物沉淀,晚阶段流体演变为NaCl-H2O体系,可能有大气降水混入。 相似文献
8.
闹枝铜金矿床是延边内生金铜矿集区内的典型矿床之一,矿体主要为含金黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉型。笔者运用显微测温、激光拉曼探针,对其矿物内的流体包裹体进行了系统研究。实验结果表明:①流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相、富气相包裹体及纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子晶的多相包裹体;②流体包裹体的均一温度为150～410℃,与黄铁绢英岩、石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物及石英方解石脉4个矿化蚀变阶段相对应的流体包裹体的均一温度分别为350～410℃、290～350℃、210～290℃、150～210℃;③流体包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为1.74%～20.97%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿化阶段成矿流体的盐度w(NaCleq)分别为2.396%～5.548%、2.24%～8.68%、1.74%～20.97%和6.3%;④流体包裹体的气体成分主要为H2O和CO2。结合前人的研究成果,笔者进一步确定该矿床的成矿流体具有深源岩浆热流体性质,在流体上升过程中曾发生过弱的沸腾作用,并在硫化物石英脉、多金属硫化物石英脉、方铅矿脉以及石英方解石脉形成过程中,伴有少量地下水或大气水的加入。 相似文献
9.
赣南茅坪钨矿床黄玉单晶流体包裹体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章以赣南茅坪大型钨矿床成矿早阶段形成的黄玉单晶为研究对象,对其中的流体包裹体开展了岩相学、显微测温以及激光拉曼光谱研究。结果显示,茅坪钨矿床黄玉单晶中的流体包裹体以富液两相包裹体为主,同时发育有单相包裹体、富二氧化碳的三相包裹体以及含子矿物包裹体。其中,含子矿物包裹体发育是本矿床黄玉中包裹体的重要特征,子矿物成分有方解石、石英、石盐等;流体包裹体的均一温度介于200~509℃之间,峰值位于420~500℃之间,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为4.32%~19.22%,峰值介于17%~19%,较前人获得的石英脉型钨矿床成矿温度和盐度均高出许多,其峰值(420~500℃)在一定程度上衔接了石英脉型黑钨矿高温阶段的演化历史;黄玉单晶中包裹体还具有富含CO_2、CH_4、N_2等挥发分的特征。综上所述,笔者认为石英脉型钨矿的成矿流体在早阶段具有高温、中高盐度、富挥发分、富含多种离子的特征。 相似文献
10.
西拉木伦多金属成矿带鸡冠山斑岩钼矿富氟高盐度高氧逸度流体包裹体研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
鸡冠山斑岩钼矿床位于西拉木伦多金属成矿带南侧、内蒙古赤峰市北东约35km处,大地构造位置属于华北板块北缘造山带中段。辉钼矿化主要呈浸染状、细脉浸染状分布在花岗斑岩中,部分成细脉浸染状分布在流纹质角砾凝灰岩中,同时,在矿区出露的辉绿岩和流纹岩中也有少量的细网脉状钼矿化。矿石矿物主要有辉钼矿、黄铁矿和少量黄铜矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿,脉石矿物主要有石英、长石、绢云母和少量方解石、萤石。矿脉穿插关系和矿物组合显示了早、中、晚3个阶段的矿化:(1)石英-辉钼矿阶段;(2)萤石-(石英)-辉钼矿多金属硫化物阶段;(3)贫矿萤石阶段。各阶段广泛发育流体包裹体,包裹体类型众多,包括气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型),H2O-CO2包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型),其中以大量发育含子矿物多相包裹体为特征。子矿物种类有石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿、石膏、辉钼矿、方解石等及其他未鉴别透明、不透明子矿物,有时一个包裹体含有多达4～5个子矿物。包裹体大量的赤铁矿、石膏和金属子矿物的出现,说明含矿流体具有高的氧逸度和很强的金属携带能力。包裹体岩相学、激光拉曼和显微测温结果表明,成矿流体主要为来自高温、高盐度、高氧逸度的岩浆流体和部分天水与岩浆热液混合所形成的中低温、低盐度流体两个端员组份。高温、高盐度流体以含子矿物多相包裹体为代表,其形成温度大于440℃,盐度变化范围为:28%～76%NaCleqv,部分高于76%NaCleqv。中低温、低盐度流体主要源自矿化后期天水与岩浆热液的混合,温度在322℃以下,盐度变化范围为:0.9%～20.3%NaCleqv。实验结果表明鸡冠山矿区含矿硫化物主要沉淀温度区间在310～400℃之间,其次为210～320℃,钼矿化主要形成于高温、高盐度、高氧逸度及富氟元素的H2O-NaCl流体体系,温度降低、流体沸腾作用及流体混合是该钼矿床的主要成矿机制。 相似文献
11.
岔路口超大型斑岩型钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,以网脉状和角砾岩型矿化为主.该矿床经历了4个成矿阶段:Ⅰ.石英-钾长石;Ⅱ.石英-辉钼矿;Ⅲ.石英-多金属硫化物;Ⅳ.石英-萤石-方解石.包裹体的岩相学及激光拉曼研究揭示,石英斑晶内的熔体-流体包裹体中熔体成分有更长石和钠长石,为岩浆出溶作用形成;子矿物多相包裹体(S型)中含有钾盐、石盐、赤铁矿和石膏等子矿物,显示出成矿流体为高氧逸度.第Ⅰ成矿阶段包裹体有气液两相(L+V型)、富CO2三相(C型)和含石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿及硬石膏等子矿物的多相(S型)等类型,第Ⅱ成矿阶段除了有L+V型、C型以及含钾盐、石盐、黄铜矿和辉钼矿等子矿物多相(S型)外,还可以见到S型包裹体与气相包裹体(V型)共存;第Ⅲ成矿阶段以L+V型和含方解石的S型包裹体为主;第Ⅳ成矿阶段除见到L+V型包裹体外,还可以见到液相包裹体(L型).显微测温结果显示从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度从530 ℃变为120 ℃、盐度从66.7% NaCl equiv变为1.2% NaCl equiv,呈现逐渐降低的趋势.群体包裹体成分显示各阶段均含有气相CO2,液相成分中Na+,K+,Ca2+,SO42-,Cl-含量很高,而F-含量极少.成矿流体总体属于富含CO2的高盐度、高氧逸度的NaCl-H2O-CO2体系,在流体演化过程中温度、氧逸度、盐度和CO2含量逐渐降低.温度、盐度、CO2含量逐渐降低及绢云母化影响了矿石沉淀. 相似文献
12.
Suofei Xiong Mouchun He Shuzhen Yao Yubao Cui Guanzhong Shi Zhenju Ding Xinlu Hu 《Geological Journal》2015,50(6):720-738
The Chalukou giant Mo deposit in the Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, is a porphyry deposit hosted in an intermediate‐felsic complex surrounded by Mesozoic volcano–sedimentary rocks. The mineralization process is composed of four stages, including quartz + K‐feldspar (Stage I), quartz + molybdenite (Stage II), pyrite + chalcopyrite + quartz ± other sulphides (Stage III) and carbonate ± fluorite ± quartz (Stage IV). The mineralization is generally associated with intense K‐feldspar‐, fluorite‐, phyllic‐ and propylitic alteration. Primary fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz include four compositional types, i.e. pure carbonic (PC‐type), aqueous‐carbonic (C‐type), daughter mineral‐bearing (S‐type) and aqueous (W‐type) inclusions. Halite, sylvite and hematite are recognized as the daughter minerals in Stage I S‐type FIs, whereas molybdenite and chalcopyrite occur as daughter minerals in Stage II S‐type FIs. High‐salinity and high pressure (>220 MPa) FIs exist in Stage I quartz veins, characterized by homogenization through halite dissolution at temperatures of 324 to 517 °C. The paucity of coexisting vapour‐rich FIs with similar homogenization temperatures at this stage indicates that the initial S‐type inclusions have directly exsolved from the magma rather than boiling off of a low‐salinity vapour. Stage I quartz has captured the C‐ and W‐type FIs, which have totally homogenized at 270–530 °C with salinities of 1.6–17.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. At Stage II, the coexistence of all FI types were only observed at pressures of 150–218 MPa and temperatures of 352–375 °C, with two salinity clusters of 0.9–16.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 37–56 wt.% NaCl equiv. Stage III quartz contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 158–365 °C, salinities of 0.5–9.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 12–116 MPa; whilst Stage IV fluorite or calcite only contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 121–287 °C, salinities of 0.5–5.3 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 10–98 MPa. The estimated trapping pressure from Stages II to III suggests an alternating lithostatic–hydrostatic fluid‐system caused by fluid boiling. Ore fluids at the Chalukou Mo deposit may have been evolved from a CO2‐rich, high‐salinity, and high‐oxygen fugacity (fO2) magma system, to a CO2‐poor, low‐salinity, and low‐fO2 epithermal system. Two key points may have contributed to the formation of the Chalukou giant Mo deposit: The magmatic origin and fluid boiling that has resulted in decompression and rapid precipitation of metals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
内蒙古乌奴格吐山大型铜钼矿床位于得尔布干成矿带西南段。矿体产于燕山早期二长花岗斑岩、流纹斑岩等构成的火山通道相与外围黑云母花岗岩接触带内外。矿床从中心向外发育典型的热液蚀变分带: 钾化带、绢英岩化带和伊利石—水白云母化带。根据矿物组合不同,将热液成矿期分为早、中、晚3 个阶段,其矿物组合分别为石英+钾长石+黄铁矿±辉钼矿、石英+绢云母+ 黄铜矿± 辉钼矿+黄铁矿、石英+碳酸盐矿物+黄铁矿±闪锌矿。流体包裹体研究表明,乌山斑岩铜钼矿床发育L 型富液相包裹体、V 型富气相包裹体、S 型含子矿物多相包裹体以及PG 型纯气相包裹体。激光拉曼探针分析表明,石英斑晶和早阶段石英内水溶液包裹体除H2O 外,多数含CO2,少数还含有 CH4,C4H6 等,含子矿物多相包裹体中子矿物主要有赤铁矿和黄铜矿; 中阶段石英内只有少量V 型包裹体含CO2,多数只有H2O,S 型包裹体中子矿物有黄铜矿和黄铁矿,不再含有赤铁矿; 而晚阶段石英内包裹体只含H2O。成矿流体由H2O--CO2 --NaCl 体系逐渐演化为H2O--NaCl 体系。成矿早、中、晚3 个阶段均一温度分别集中在340℃ ～ 460℃,240℃ ～ 360℃和120℃ ～ 240℃; 盐度变化范围分别为 5. 32 ～ 53. 26 wt% NaCl. eqv,1. 65 ～ 41. 58 wt% NaCl. eqv 和0. 66 ～ 14. 05 wt% NaCl. eqv。初始流体是直接从浅部结晶冷凝的岩浆熔体中出熔的高温、高盐度和高氧逸度的成矿流体。富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体和含矿物的多相包裹体普遍共生,流体的沸腾可能是早期金属硫化物大量沉淀的重要机制。结合氢、氧同位素研究,认为中--晚阶段天水的混入导致的流体混合及降温作用在成矿过程中也发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
14.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(1):125949
The Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic vein deposit is hosted by metavolcanics rocks of the Gawuch Formation at the Kaldom Gol area of the northwest Kohistan arc terrain in northern Pakistan. The mineralization is closely associated with the dioritic to granodioritic rocks of the Lowari pluton, which was intruded into the Gawuch metavolcanics. Details of ore characterization and processes of ore genesis of this evidently hydrothermal mineralization are not well documented. Integrating petrographic, mineral-chemical and isotopic investigations, this study aims to comprehend the source of hydrothermal fluids, geochemical evolution, mineral inclusions and physicochemical conditions of the Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic vein deposit in Gawuch metavolcanics in the Kohistan arc terrain in northern Pakistan. The mineralization is distinguished into three types of ore-gangue associations: Type Ia, Type Ib, and Type II. The textural study revealed two pyrite generations: (i) Py1 displaying euhedral to subhedral habits and containing scarce inclusions, and (ii) Py2 occurring as anhedral grains hosting abundant inclusions. Type Ia is characterized by Py1 associated with abundant quartz (Qz) showing comb texture, sericite (Ser), and minor chlorite (Chl). Type Ib comprises Qz + Ser + Chl and Py2, chalcopyrite (Ccp), and magnetite (Mag). Type II is represented by mosaic quartz, rhombic adularia, and bladed calcite, and the ore minerals fahlore and galena. Alteration zones composed of Qz-Ser ± Chl and Qz-Ser-Chl, surround Type I (a, b) and Type II veins, respectively. Fahlore and galena mostly replace pyrite of Type Ia and chalcopyrite of Type Ib. In addition, malachite, azurite, hematite and covellite occur as secondary (supergene) minerals. The Co/Ni ratios (>1) of Kaldom Gol pyrites suggest that the ore-forming fluids were hydrothermal in origin and Py1 and Py2 solidified at 221–304 °C and 225–261 °C, respectively. The LA-ICP-MS time-resolved depth profiles confirm the existence of sphalerite, and chalcopyrite inclusions in pyrite (Py1 and Py2) and millerite, bravoite, vaesite, Au-tellurides, native Au and galena inclusions in chalcopyrite and fahlore. Sulfur isotope compositions of pyrites (δ34S = Py1, −0.58 to +2 ‰; δ34S = Py2, −0.24 to +2.04 ‰) indicate that the ore-forming fluids were derived from magmatic source (s). The mineral assemblage, hydrothermal alterations, textures, temperature and δ34S of pyrites suggest that the Cu-Sb-Pb polymetallic mineralization at Kaldom Gol represents an intermediate-sulfidation type of epithermal deposit. 相似文献
15.
The nature, origin and physicochemical controls of hydrothermal Mo-Bi mineralization in the Cadillac deposit, Quebec, Canada 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mo-Bi mineralization occurs in subvertical and subhorizontal quartz-muscovite-± K-feldspar veins surrounded by early albitic
and later K-feldspathic alteration halos in monzogranite of the Archean Preissac pluton, Abitibi region, Québec, Canada. Molybdenite
is intergrown with muscovite in the veins or associated with K-feldspar in the alteration halos. Mineralized veins contain
five main types of fluid inclusions: aqueous liquid and liquid-vapor inclusions, aqueous carbonic liquid-liquid-vapor inclusions,
carbonic liquid and vapor inclusions, halite-bearing aqueous liquid and liquid-vapor inclusions, trapped mineral-bearing aqueous
liquid and liquid-vapor inclusions. The carbonic solid in frozen carbonic and aqueous-carbonic inclusions melts in most cases
at −56.7 ± 0.1 °C indicating that the carbonic fluid consists largely of CO2. All aqueous inclusion types and the aqueous phase in carbonic inclusions have low initial melting temperatures (≥70 °C),
requiring the presence of salts other than NaCl. Leachate analyses show that the bulk fluid contains variable proportions
of Na, K, Ca, Cl, and traces of Mg and Li. The following solids were identified in the fluid inclusions by SEM-EDS analysis:
halite, calcite, muscovite, millerite (NiS), barite and antarcticite (CaCl2 · 6H2O). All are interpreted to be trapped phases except halite which is a daughter mineral, and antarcticite which formed during
sample preparation (freezing). Aqueous inclusions homogenize to liquid at temperatures between 75 °C and 400 °C; the mode
is 375 °C. Aqueous-carbonic inclusions homogenize to liquid or vapor between 210 °C and 400 °C. Halite-bearing aqueous inclusions
homogenize by halite dissolution at approximately 170 °C. Aqueous inclusions containing trapped solids exhibit liquid-vapor
homogenization at temperatures similar to those of halite-bearing aqueous inclusions. Temperatures of vein formation, based
on oxygen isotopic fractionation between quartz and muscovite, range from 342 °C to 584 °C. The corresponding oxygen isotope
composition of the aqueous fluid in equilibrium with these minerals ranges from 1.2 to 5.5 per mil with a mean of 3.9 per
mil, suggesting that the liquid had a significant meteoric component. Isochores for aqueous fluid inclusions intersect the
modal isotopic isotherm of 425 °C at pressures between 590 and 1900 bar. A model is proposed in which molybdenite was deposited
owing to decreasing temperature and/or pressure from CO2-bearing, moderate to high salinity fluids of mixed magmatic-meteoric origin that were in equilibrium with K-feldspar and
muscovite. These fluids resulted from the degassing of a monzogranitic magma and evolved through interaction with volcanic
(komatiitic) and sedimentary country rocks.
Received: 6 February 1997 / Accepted: 28 January 1998 相似文献
16.
Volker Lüders Rolf L. Romer Alexandre R. Cabral Christian Schmidt David A. Banks Jens Schneider 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,40(3):289-306
Fluid inclusions hosted in quartz and specular hematite from auriferous (jacutinga) and barren veins in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) have been studied using conventional and near infrared microscopy, respectively.
The mineralization consists of veins that cross-cut metamorphosed iron formation (itabirite) of the Paleoproterozoic Itabira
Group. The sample suite comprises hematite from veins from the low-strain domain in the W and SW of the study area, as well
as hematite samples from the eastern high-strain domain in the central and NE parts of the QF. Halogen ratios of fluid inclusions
in quartz and hematite from all studied deposits are consistent with a fluid evolved from dissolving and reprecipitating halite
that was subsequently diluted. Fluid inclusions hosted in quartz and hematite are characterized by consistent Na/K ratios
and considerable SO4 contents, and suggest similar formation conditions and, perhaps, fluid origin from a common source. Na/K and Na/Li fluid
mineral geothermometers indicate water–rock interaction at approximately 340±40°C. Hematites from the high-strain domain contain
fluid inclusion assemblages of high-temperature aqueous-carbonic and multiphase high-salinity, high-temperature aqueous inclusions
probably due to fluid immiscibility in the system H2O–NaCl–CO2. Fluid inclusions hosted in hematite from barren veins in the low-strain domain, as well as in hematite from jacutinga-type mineralization from the central part of the QF, only host multiphase aqueous fluid inclusions all showing narrow ranges
of salinity (7.2–11.7 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and homogenization temperatures (148 to 229°C). Lower homogenization temperatures
and the absence of CO2-rich inclusions in specular hematite from these occurrences are attributed to carbonate precipitation and/or CO2 escape due to cooling during fluid migration from the high- to the low-strain domain. Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of gold,
hematite and hematite-hosted fluid inclusions in combination with geochemical evidence indicate distinct sources for Pd, Au,
and Pb. The formation of specular hematite veins may be related to retrograde metamorphic fluids being released during the
Brazilian orogenic cycle (600–700 Ma). The Pb isotopic characteristics of all samples are readily reconciled in a simple model
that involves two different Paleoproterozoic or Archean source lithologies for lead and reflects contrasting depths of fluid
percolation during the Brasiliano orogeny. 相似文献
17.
白云鄂博REE—Fe—Nb矿床稀土氟碳酸盐矿物激光拉曼光谱特征及流体包裹体内稀土子矿物的鉴定 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
白云鄂博REE－Fe-Nb矿床典型稀土氟碳酸盐矿物都具有碳酸根离子最特征的拉曼振动频率，并普遍出现有氟化物的拉曼光谱振动峰。利用子矿物的激光拉曼峰特征，结合矿物晶形和扫描电镜能谱分析结果，可以确定这些矿物可能为氟碳铈矿和氟碳铈钡矿，说明初始成矿热液中极富含稀土元素，矿脉内多相包裹体中含稀土元素的子矿物是从被包裹体捕获的流体中结晶出来的，是真正的子矿物，激光拉曼光谱仪可以作为鉴定流体包裹体中未知子矿物的较为可靠手段之一。 相似文献
18.
F. Masoudi B. Mehrabi M. Rezai Aghdam B. W. D. Yardley 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(3):407-418
In the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of metamorphic belt of Iran, the area south of Hamadan city comprises of metamorphic rocks, granitic
batholith with pegmatites and quartz veins. Alvand batholith is emplaced into metasediments of early Mesozoic age. Fluid inclusions
have been studied using microthermometry to evaluate the source of fluids from which quartz veins and pegmatites formed to
investigate the possible relation between host rocks of pegmatites and the fluid inclusion types. Host minerals of fluid inclusions
in pegmatites are quartz, andalusite and tourmaline. Fluid inclusions can be classified into four types. Type 1 inclusions
are high salinity aqueous fluids (NaCleq >12 wt%). Type 2 inclusions are low to moderate salinity (NaCleq <12 wt%) aqueous fluids. Type 3 and 4 inclusions are carbonic and mixed CO2-H2O fluid inclusions. The distribution of fluid inclusions indicate that type 1 and type 2 inclusions are present in the pegmatites
and quartz veins respectively in the Alvand batholith. This would imply that aqueous magmatic fluids with no detectable CO2 were present during the crystallization of these pegmatites and quartz veins. Types 3 and 4 inclusions are common in quartz
veins and pegmatites in metamorphic rocks and are more abundant in the hornfelses. The distribution of the different types
of fluid inclusions suggests that CO2 fluids generated during metamorphism and metamorphic fluids might also contribute to the formation of quartz veins and pegmatites
in metamorphic terrains. 相似文献
19.
Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralisation with associated potassic and phyllic alteration, an advanced argillic alteration cap and epithermal quartz-sulphide-gold-anhydrite veins, are telescoped within a vertical interval of 400-800 m on the northeastern margin of the Thames district, New Zealand. The geological setting is Jurassic greywacke basement overlain by Late Miocene andesitic-dacitic rocks that are extensively altered to propylitic and argillic assemblages. The porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralisation is hosted in a dacite porphyry stock and surrounding intrusion breccia. Relicts of a core zone of potassic K-feldspar-magnetite-biotite alteration are overprinted by phyllic quartz-sericite-pyrite or intermediate argillic chlorite-sericite alteration assemblages. Some copper occurs in quartz-magnetite-chlorite-pyrite-chalcopyrite veinlets in the core zone, but the bulk of the copper and the molybdenum are associated with the phyllic alteration as disseminated chalcopyrite and as molybdenite-sericite-carbonate veinlets. The advanced argillic cap has a quartz-alunite-dickite core, which is enveloped by an extensive pyrophyllite-diaspore-dickite-kaolinite assemblage that overlaps with the upper part of the phyllic alteration zone. Later quartz-sphalerite-galena-pyrite-chalcopyrite-gold-anhydrite-carbonate veins occur within and around the margins of the porphyry intrusion, and are associated with widespread illite-carbonate (argillic) alteration. Multiphase fluid inclusions in quartz stockwork veins associated with the potassic alteration trapped a highly saline (50-84 wt% NaCl equiv.) magmatic fluid at high temperatures (450 to >600 °C). These hypersaline brines were probably trapped at a pressure of about 300 bar, corresponding to a depth of 1.2 km under lithostatic conditions. This shallow depth is consistent with textures of the host dacite porphyry and reconstruction of the volcanic stratigraphy. Liquid-rich fluid inclusions in the quartz stockwork veins and quartz phenocrysts trapped a lower salinity (3-20 wt% NaCl equiv.), moderate temperature (300-400 °C) fluid that may have caused the phyllic alteration. Fluid inclusions in the quartz-sphalerite-galena-pyrite-chalcopyrite-gold-anhydrite-carbonate veins trapped dilute (1-3 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluids at 250 to 320 °C, at a minimum depth of 1.0 km under hydrostatic conditions. Oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluids that deposited the quartz stockwork veins fall within the 6 to 10 range of magmatic waters, whereas the quartz-sulphide-gold-anhydrite veins have lower '18Owater values (-0.6 to 0.5), reflecting a local meteoric water (-6) influence. A '18O versus 'D plot shows a trend from magmatic water in the quartz stockwork veins to a near meteoric water composition in kaolinite from the advanced argillic alteration. Data points for pyrophyllite and the quartz-sulphide-gold-anhydrite veins lie about midway between the magmatic and meteoric water end-member compositions. The spatial association between porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralisation, advanced argillic alteration and quartz-sulphide-gold-anhydrite veins suggests that they are all genetically part of the same hydrothermal system. This is consistent with K-Ar dates of 11.6-10.7 Ma for the intrusive porphyry, for alunite in the advanced argillic alteration, and for sericite selvages from quartz-gold veins in the Thames district. 相似文献
20.
Chen Yong Zhou Yaoqi Xiao Huanqin Ren Yongjun Sun Xinian Wang Qiang Yan Shiyong Liu Chaoying 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(2):206-211
Fluid inclusions that bear halite daughter minerals were discovered in volcanic rocks at Pingnan area in the Dongying sag.
The samples of the fluid inclusions collected from the BGX-15 well drill cores are hosted in quartz of diorite-porphyrite.
The daughter minerals are identified as NaCl crystals after being observed under a microscope and analyzed by in situ Raman spectroscopy at −185°C. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that the homogenization temperatures of primary
fluid inclusions are between 359 and 496°C, and the salinities of fluid inclusions are from 43.26 to 54.51 wt-%. All fluid
inclusions in the studied samples can be divided into five types including primary fluid inclusions and secondary fluid inclusions.
The fact that five types of fluid inclusions were symbiotic in the same quartz grain implies that immiscibility happened in
magma. Due to the decrease in temperature and pressure during the ascent of magma, the fluids became intensively immiscible.
This process accelerates the degassing of CO2 from magma, but the remnant fluids with high salinity are preserved in fluid inclusions. Thus, the primary fluid inclusions
are mainly in NaCl-H2O fluids and poor in CO2. The results of our study indicate that the degassing of magma and accumulation of CO2 gas at the Pingnan area are relative to the immiscibility of high salinity fluids. This discovery is important because it
can help us have a further understanding of the mechanism of magma degassing and accumulation of the inorganic CO2 in eastern China.
Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1699–1705 [译自: 地质学报] 相似文献