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1.
磨刀门水道咸潮入侵及其变异分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
闻平  陈晓宏  刘斌  杨晓灵 《水文》2007,27(3):65-67
随着区域经济及人口的进一步增长,珠江三角洲磨刀门水道已成为江门、中山、珠海、澳门等城市重要的水源地,相应咸潮入侵对供水安全造成的危害也越来越严重。本文依据实测资料和现场调研,对磨刀门水道咸潮入侵的潮相变化、径流—咸潮的响应模式、风对咸潮入侵的影响及咸潮入侵的历史演变趋势及其变异、最小压咸流量及最佳压咸时机等进行了研究。研究结果表明,影响咸潮入侵的主要因素是径流,有利于咸潮入侵的风向为北风~东北风。以思贤滘流量(即马口水文站与三水水文站流量之和)为参照,为保障珠海、澳门供水安全,磨刀门水道最小压咸流量范围为2200-2700m3/s,平均流量为2450m3/s,最佳压咸补淡的时机为大潮转小潮期,也就是朔望(半月)周期的落潮期。  相似文献   

2.
磨刀门水道咸潮上溯动力特性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究磨刀门水道咸潮上溯的动力特性,基于非结构网格海洋模型(Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model,FVCOM),构建了覆盖珠江河口及其上游网河区的高分辨率三维斜压数值模型,采用实测资料对其进行率定和验证,并开展了咸潮上溯的数值模拟计算。根据计算结果和实测资料,对磨刀门水道大、中、小潮期间的盐淡水分层与混合特征、盐分物质的分层输移机制进行分析,探讨其咸潮上溯强度时空分布差异的原因。结果表明:小潮期,底层累积盐通量明显大于表层,净输移方向为陆向;大潮期,表层累积盐通量明显大于底层,净输移方向为海向;而平衡点一般出现于中潮期,这就是磨刀门水道咸潮上溯最强和最弱时刻分别出现于小潮和大潮后的中潮期的原因所在。  相似文献   

3.
李彬  孔俊  叶荣辉  李保  罗锋 《水文》2022,42(1):67-74+10
基于MIKE3研究扰动底层盐水楔实现抑制咸潮上溯的最优化方案。结果表明,在河道底部喷水扰动盐水楔可以有效减弱底层盐水浓度,且存在最优喷水流量与最优喷水点。当喷水流量小于该值时,咸潮上溯距离随流量的增大而减小,当大于该值时,咸潮上溯距离随流量的增大反而会增大;最优喷水流量从小潮到大潮逐渐增加,且随着径流量的增大而减小,如径流量为500 m/s~3时,小、中、大潮期间的最优喷水流量分别为20 m/s~3、20 m/s~3和25 m/s~3,减少的咸潮上溯距离分别为3.82 km、3.40 km和1.18 km。随着径流量增大,取得最佳抑咸效果的最优喷水点位置逐渐向下游移动。针对珠江河口的特殊径潮环境,盐水楔扰动的抑咸效果在小潮和中潮期间较好,在大潮期间相对较差。  相似文献   

4.
咸潮入侵是入海径流和潮汐共同作用的盐度扩散过程。以量能累积与阻抗交互作用过程为理论基础,采用逻辑推理和数学分析推导了入海流量、潮差和咸潮入侵面积三者扩散响应的函数关系和曲线型态,并利用长江口近50年枯季入海流量、潮差和咸潮入侵面积进行了实证分析。结果表明,在一定入海流量条件下潮差与咸潮入侵面积关系具有S型曲线特征,入海流量与咸潮入侵最大面积关系也具有S型曲线特征,共同构成一个三维咸潮入侵扩散响应函数;长江口近50年的实测数据实证了上述三维关系特征,据此构建了双曲正切的S型长江口咸潮入侵扩散响应函数,并阐述了参数定值与量化方法;以此函数为基础,分析确定了长江口入海流量大于10 000 m3/s时可抵御大规模咸潮入侵,同时计算了2001-2012年咸潮入侵损失。  相似文献   

5.
为监测珠江口河网区水体的盐度变化,基于同步测量的水体黄色物质、盐度和水体表面光谱数据,利用MATLAB分析了水体光谱反射率和黄色物质浓度之间的关系。结果表明:在磨刀门水道,反射率与黄色物质在400nm处的吸收系数g400有较好关系,在R704/R513处,R2=0.70;在虎门水道,g400与反射率比值R703/R488之间也有较强的负相关,R2=0.58。同样,又分析了磨刀门和虎门水道黄色物质吸收系数与表面盐度的关系,都发现了较好的相关性,R2>0.67。根据以上分析,得到了一种珠江口河网区水体表面盐度监测的新方法,并采用中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MERIS)的模拟数据来进行模型验证,结果表明利用MERIS数据对珠江口河网区咸潮进行监测是可行的(均方根误差小于0.308%)。  相似文献   

6.
杭州市第二水源千岛湖配水工程(简称配水工程)的实施将引起富春江水库下泄流量及过程改变,从而对钱塘江河口盐水入侵产生影响。建立考虑涌潮作用的二维盐度数值模型,在验证钱塘江河口潮位和盐度的基础上,预测配水工程实施对河口盐水入侵距离和重要取水口含氯度超标时间的影响。研究表明:配水工程实施后,上游富春江水库若按现状调度方案,对枯水年影响大,咸水上溯距离增加3.7 km,沿岸取水口的可取水时间缩短0.2~3.6 d,丰、平水年盐水入侵和引水前相当;通过水库的优化调度,可基本消除枯水年引水造成的盐水入侵影响。为减少配水工程实施的盐水入侵影响,采用水库的优化调度模式是必要的。  相似文献   

7.
为了减少咸潮灾害对人民生产生活的影响,进行盐度多步预测研究对建立有效的咸潮预警机制具有十分重要的意义.本文利用引入滞后因子的DE-RBF方法,以珠江口磨刀门水道为例,研究建立盐度多步预测模型的可行性.研究表明:滞后因子的引入使得预测模型的精度进一步提高,采用的DE搜索策略可以快速寻找到全局最优值.建立的5步盐度预测模型在100mg/L的允许误差范围内拟合度达到68.91%,而在200mg/L的情况下拟合度达到80.79%.而且这种方法具有普适性,在靠近外海的挂定角站可得到相似的结论.联石湾站和挂定角站的5步预测模型的预警准确度均超过90%,而预警错误率分别为9.47%和27.03%.  相似文献   

8.
为了研究三角洲河口风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动规律,建立一、二维耦合的盐度数学模型对风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动进行模拟。模型考虑洪泛区建筑物对盐水运动的影响以及溃口的渐变发展过程。用2008年多个测站的实测数据对河网模型的潮位和盐度计算结果进行了验证。将模型应用于珠江三角洲河网某近海溃口风暴潮溃堤的盐水运动模拟,并绘制了最大盐度等值面图。计算结果表明,该溃口大部分区域的溃堤积水盐度超过了4psu,因此,溃堤洪水的高盐度积水影响不容忽视。通过比较“溃堤”和“不溃堤”两种情况下的河网盐度计算结果,发现上游河道的溃堤分流增大了河道的纳潮量,促使涨潮量增大,增大了下游河网的咸潮上溯风险,减弱了上游来流对咸潮的压制效果。  相似文献   

9.
毛兴华 《水文》2016,36(2):73-77
长江口咸潮入侵是枯水期经常发生的一种自然现象,但2014年初的咸潮入侵相比往年尤甚。分析了本次咸潮入侵的基本情况和形成的原因,探讨了长江口咸潮入侵的机理和入侵途径,并结合历史资料,分析了新形势下长江口咸潮入侵出现的新特点。在此基础上,从水源地布局、技术措施、水资源管理和长江流域水量的统一调配等方面研究了如何有效应对长江口咸潮入侵对自来水原水供应的影响。  相似文献   

10.
周凡涵  刘丙军 《水文》2022,42(1):59-66
受潮汐、径流、风速风向、地形变化等多种海陆要素交互作用,河口区盐水入侵呈高度不确定性与非线性特征,盐度预报难度较大.利用在线学习算法与误差自回归修正方法在水文预报中时效性更强的优点,构建一种耦合在线序列极限学习机-误差修正(OSELM-EC)盐水入侵预报模型,选取珠江河口区磨刀门水道为典型研究区进行逐日盐度预报.结果表...  相似文献   

11.
River discharge, tide, wind, topography and other factors all have great impacts on the saltwater intrusion of Modaomen Waterway (MW), a major outlet of the Pearl River Estuary. A coupled 1D–3D numerical model was applied in this study to account for the dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the MW, and the impacts of tide and river discharge on the length of saltwater intrusion were uncovered. Results are as the followings: (1) River discharge from upstream induces an obvious dilution of salinity along the MW, whereas tide can exert a positive force that pushes salt water landward. The effects of river discharge and tide on the length of saltwater intrusion can be well described by a regression function; (2) the saltwater intrusion along the MW is generally aggravated by increases in tidal range from the South China Sea. The length of saltwater intrusion usually reaches a maximum 2 or 3 days before spring tide, and the hourly length of saltwater intrusion along the MW usually slows the tidal process for approximately 4 h, which can provide important information that the pumping operation along the MW to store freshwater in the backup storages needs to be at least 3 days ahead of the spring tide so as to avoid serious impact from saltwater intrusion; (3) the length of saltwater intrusion generally decreases with increasing river discharge. In 2005, 2009 and 2010, the average river discharge from upstream was 2680, 2630 and 3160 m3/s, respectively, with corresponding average lengths of saltwater intrusion of 32.7, 42.3 and 21.4 km. The inverse correlation between the water flow and the length of saltwater intrusion may provide some guidance for operations to maintain enough upstream flow to dilute the salinity and therefore satisfy the domestic water supply.  相似文献   

12.
钱塘江河口水流-河床相互作用及对盐水入侵的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
通过长系列实测水文、地形资料分析,钱塘江河口上段河床具有大冲大淤和洪冲潮淤的演变特性,影响河口上段的潮汐强弱,进而影响盐水入侵。若年内丰水期径流量大,则河床出现“大冲”,河床容积增大,潮汐增强,导致秋季强潮期盐水入侵加剧;反之,若年内丰水期径流量小,河床容积较小,导致秋季强潮期盐水入侵减弱。结果表明,钱塘江径流对盐水入侵存在直接和间接影响:直接影响是盐水入侵与径流量成反比;间接影响是通过径流冲刷河床,引起潮汐增大,间接导致盐水入侵加剧,这是钱塘江河口大冲大淤以及对潮汐巨大反作用的特性造成的。  相似文献   

13.
钱塘江河口为强涌潮、高含沙量、河床冲淤剧烈的河口,其盐度输移时空变化受河床冲淤的反馈影响十分显著。建立了考虑河床冲淤变化的一维盐度动床数学模型,耦合求解水沙运动、河床冲淤及盐度输移过程,数值计算方法采用守恒性较好的有限体积法。验证结果表明:河床冲淤对氯度的影响非常显著,动床模型的结果与实测基本吻合,在长历时盐度预报中采用动床模型是必要的。应用该模型分析了钱塘江河口咸水入侵对上游建库、治江缩窄工程等人类活动的响应,探讨了杭州城市供水水源保证率。结果表明,新安江水库、河口治理缩窄工程对改善河口淡水资源利用、保障杭州市供水安全显著;供水保证率要达95%以上,需采取上游水库泄水调度和新建备用水库等措施。  相似文献   

14.
Examination of Winter Circulation in a Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuary   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Numerical model experiments were conducted to examine how estuarine circulation and salinity distribution in the Calcasieu Lake Estuary (CLE) of southwest Louisiana respond to the passage of cold fronts. River runoff, local wind stress, and tides from December 20, 2011, to February 1, 2012, were included as input. The experiments showed an anticyclonic circulation in the eastern CLE, a cyclonic circulation in West Cove, and a saltwater conduit in the navigation channel between these circulation cells. Freshwater from the river and wetlands tends to flow over the shallow shoals toward the ocean, presenting a case of the conventional estuarine circulation with shallow water influenced by river discharge and with weak tidally-induced motion, enhanced by wind. The baroclinic pressure gradient is important for the circulation and saltwater intrusion. The effect of remote wind-driven oscillation plays an important role in circulation and salinity distribution in winter. Unless it is from the east, wind is found to inhibit saltwater intrusion through the narrow navigation channel, indicating the effect of Ekman setup during easterly wind. A series of north-south oriented barrier islands in the lake uniquely influenced water level and salinity distribution between the shallow lake and deep navigation channel. The depth of the navigation channel is also crucial in influencing saltwater intrusion: the deeper the channel, the more saltwater intrusion and the more intense estuarine circulation. Recurring winter storms have a significant accumulated effect on the transport of water and sediment, saltwater intrusion, and associated environmental and ecosystem effects.  相似文献   

15.
为进一步认识径流型河口枯季盐水上溯距离变化的影响因素及其作用机制,将实际河口简化并在不同径流量下分别用等潮差正弦潮和主要分潮驱动,进行盐水三维数值模拟试验。结果表明:随着径流和潮汐两大基本作用的相对强度不同,平衡态下盐水形态和位置自动调整并最终达到盐输运平衡,径流量小于3 000 m3/s且潮差小于2 m时,最大上溯距离随潮差的变化规律在不同径流量下存在明显差别;大小潮半月周期内盐水呈现非平衡态,非强混合时潮周期盐水上溯最大距离围绕平衡态随潮差呈顺时针绳套关系变化。径流导致的密度环流作用和潮汐的混合作用交织,两者相互影响并协同发展,两种作用相对强度的不同是导致径流型河口盐水上溯距离变化显著的主导因素。  相似文献   

16.
The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is a transcentury project that has aroused world attention. It is expected that the flow velocity and runoff of the Yangtze River will be changed after the project has been accomplished. Consequently, however, the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin, particularly in the estuary region, will be affected. Salinity intrusion into the Yangtze River estuary, in general, is mostly affected by the Yangtze River discharge and its external tidal level. This paper focuses on examining the influence of changes in runoff on salinity value. The question, to which should be paid attention is: how is the interaction between changes in runoff of the Yangtze River and salinity distribution in the Yangtze River estuary, China? In this research, a three-dimensional model has been used to identify the effects of runoff change on salinity distribution. The drawn conclusion is that the change of salinity is influenced by discharge variation. Positive and negative impacts of TGP would both turn up but in different period. In sum, TGP is in favor of restraining saltwater intrusion. Nevertheless a suitable method should be found to resolve its negative influences.  相似文献   

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