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1.
软弱破碎围岩隧道炭质页岩蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采集贵广铁路天平山隧道典型软弱破碎围岩岩样,在室内开展三轴常规压缩和三轴压缩蠕变试验。基于岩石试验成果,分析炭质页岩的蠕变力学特性,低应力水平条件下岩石仅出现减速蠕变和等速蠕变阶段,在更高的应力水平条件下,岩石并未出现加速蠕变的现象,但围压在一定程度上提高岩石的屈服强度,弹性模量亦有随着围压增加而增大的趋势。据此,建立依托工程炭质页岩蠕变全过程的黏弹塑性应变软化蠕变力学模型,推导该蠕变力学模型在三维应力状态下的本构方程,并确定模型的参数,运用最小二乘法对模型的参数进行辨识。通过与试验曲线对比显示,所建蠕变模型能够描述依托工程炭质页岩的蠕变力学特征,可以用来研究该隧道软弱破碎围岩的蠕变性质和稳定性。 相似文献
2.
不同应力状态下软黏土蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土的蠕变性质受到许多因素的影响,在不同的应力条件下土会呈现出不同的性状。天津滨海吹填软土同样具有一般软土的蠕变特性,以其为研究对象,利用土体三轴流变试验机进行了三轴不固结不排水蠕变试验和单轴压缩蠕变试验,并选取了10个时间节点取样进行微型十字板剪切试验,研究抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,单轴压缩蠕变和三轴蠕变历时曲线都具有非线性的特征,随应力水平的提高,单轴压缩蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应力轴靠拢,三轴蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应变轴靠拢;线性蠕变变形的情况下黏滞系数主要与时间有关,非线性的情况下与时间和应力水平都相关;在三轴蠕变状态下压缩模量随时间增长而减小,长期强度随时间先降低再趋于稳定;单轴压缩时压缩模量随时间增长而提高,长期强度随时间先增长后稳定。最后经过推导得出了不同应力状态下的长期强度随时间、偏应力的函数关系式。 相似文献
3.
为了研究饱和砂土的蠕变特性及其影响因素,开展了不同密度、不同级配方法（相似级配法、等量替代法）、不同加载方式的侧限高压单向压缩试验。试验结果表明:饱和砂土的蠕变主要经历3个阶段,分别为瞬时变形阶段、快速变形阶段和稳态蠕变变形阶段;压缩模量随密度的增大而增大;用相似级配法所制试样加权平均粒径比等量替代法所制试样的加权平均粒径小42.4%,压缩模量高8%~18%。不同加载方式对试样的最终变形量也有一定的影响。循环加载后,试样压缩模量减小4.3%~10.1%,最终应变量增加4.6%~6.0%。对试验数据进行统计分析表明,用幂函数可以很好地拟合饱和砂土的应力、应变、时间关系,最终得到适用于本砂土的蠕变模型。研究成果可在砂土地基设计、评估中得到应用。 相似文献
4.
川藏铁路在穿越西藏贡觉地区时遇到三叠系粉砂质泥岩,在高地应力条件下容易发生大变形等危害。文章开展了不同围压下的岩石三轴压缩和和三轴蠕变试验,结合PFC数值模拟,研究了粉砂质泥岩在不同围压下的蠕变特性和长期强度研究,结果表明:贡觉粉砂质泥岩流变具有西原蠕变模型特征,蠕变与常规三轴试验条件下,随着围压不断增大,粉砂质泥岩试样均由拉-剪破坏向单剪破坏过渡,剪切破裂面与水平线的夹角逐渐减小,微裂纹数量减少;蠕变试验相较于常规三轴试验,由拉应力引起的压碎带影响范围更广;在高围压条件下,粉砂质泥岩更容易发生流变,随着围压的增大,轴向应变、侧向应变和体积应变均增大,微裂纹数量呈下降趋势;瞬时弹性模量及黏弹性系数与围压呈线性递增关系,黏弹性模量与围压呈对数型增长关系,黏塑性系数与围压呈指数型增长关系。在荷载长期作用下,岩石长期强度低于瞬时强度。 相似文献
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针对现有规范中红层泥岩膨胀力测试结果偏小问题,自主研制了膨胀性岩石三轴膨胀力测试装置。采用先放试样后加约束的方式克服了岩石与容器壁有释放变形空隙的局限性,解决了膨胀力测试结果偏小的问题。通过膨胀土和红层泥岩三轴膨胀力的测试研究,检验了三轴膨胀力测试装置的合理性和有效性,初步总结了红层泥岩三轴膨胀力的变化规律。研究结果表明:三轴膨胀力测试装置及其测试方法能够克服传统固结仪试验方法的局限性,具有较好的实用性,可以适用于膨胀土和膨胀岩三轴膨胀力的测试;红层泥岩三轴膨胀力多数是在MPa的量级,传统固结仪测试的膨胀力多数是kPa量级,更新了现有红层泥岩膨胀力较小的认识;通过对试验结果的分析和膨胀后试样的观察,发现红层泥岩的膨胀机制与膨胀土的膨胀机制是不同的;红层泥岩主要是新鲜岩石表层吸水膨胀、泥化崩解,泥化层剥蚀后,新鲜面再次吸水膨胀、泥化崩解,这是一个逐层循环膨胀的过程。 相似文献
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Fractional calculus has been successfully applied to characterize the rheological property of viscoelastic materials; however, geomaterials were seldom involved in fractional order constitutive models (FOCM), and the topic of first loading and then unloading is rarely discussed through fractional calculus. In this paper, mechanical properties are considered as a ‘spectrum’, both ends of which are elasticity and viscosity, and the fractional order can be utilized to describe such properties quantitatively. In addition to conditions such as creep, stress‐relaxation, and constant‐strain‐rate loading, stress‐strain relationship under the condition of first loading and then unloading was also derived using FOCM. FOCM is then adopted to simulate triaxial tests of geomaterials under corresponding conditions. A comparison of test and numerical results demonstrates that FOCM can reasonably describe the mechanical characteristics of geomaterials.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
为研究部分饱和状态下高填方回填土工后长期变形,对非饱和压实土在可控基质吸力下分别开展率敏性和蠕变试验,并分析两者间时效对应关系。率敏性试验采取不同加载速率的三轴剪切,分析基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）、加载速率（0.40、0.02 mm/min）以及超固结比（1、4和8）对土体强度和变形特征的影响,并确定三轴剪切蠕变的三级加载应力水平为抗剪强度的0.45、0.65、0.85倍;在4种可控基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）下参考陈氏加载法,按三应力水平分级加载开展非饱和压实土三轴剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：随着基质吸力的增加,其率敏性参数ρ 减小,其率敏性降低;随着基质吸力逐渐增大,其蠕变初始最大速率、稳定蠕变速率以及蠕变变形量均显著减小;蠕变试验确定的应变速率−应变关系线与率敏性试验获得的应变速率−应变数据点基本吻合,证明两者间存在一定时效对应关系,且随着基质吸力的增大,这种时效对应关系更显著。 相似文献
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通过大量对比试验系统研究了广东典型软土的蠕变固结特性和计算模型。试验结果表明：软土的固结和次固结在变形中所占比例和发生受多种因素影响,包括初始荷载、加荷比、土体固结度、含水率、孔隙比;次固结系数与土体的应力历史、当前固结状态及加荷比有关,在预压荷载下会明显减小;次固结系数与压缩指数之比一般为常数,其值在0.025?0.10之间;剪切蠕变特性与土体所承受的固结压力有关,土样蠕变规律呈应变硬化特征;三轴蠕变特性与排水条件关系密切,固结作用可以削弱蠕变效应;同等加荷条件下,偏应力-轴向应变关系在排水剪切中呈线性关系。而在不排水剪切中呈非线性,并有明显的屈服特征;不排水剪切条件下持续加荷的加荷方式可以适当提高不排水强度。根据上述试验成果分别从考虑非线性本构关系和考虑排水条件分析了蠕变固结模型的建立路径。 相似文献
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Fatou Samb Yves Berthaud Makhaly Ba Meissa Fall Farid Benboudjema 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(5):2939-2956
Pavement design in Senegal is based on a linear elastic behavior of pavement materials and the hypothesis of a static loading. However, previous works on the mechanical behavior of road materials showed that this one is reversible after several loading cycles and depends on the applied stress. The described behavior is from then on, purely nonlinear. One of the objectives of this research is to determine the parameters of response of lateritic pavement materials submitted to road traffic by using FEM. Therefore, experiments were made on gravel lateritic soils from Dougar, Sébikotane, Mont-Rolland, Pâ Lo and Ngoundiane. The Young’s modulus of the materials was defined in unconfined compression test while repeated load triaxial test was performed to determine the resilient modulus of the gravels and the appropriate model (Uzan model). An implementation was realized with Cast3M©. The importance of the nonlinearity was revealed in a very clear way and was crucial in the construction of the calculation algorithm. The observations for certain conditions showed that the values of the critical responses are more important for the linear model than for the nonlinear model. However, this trend should be validated by further studies. 相似文献
11.
This paper gives a brief account of the results of a series of oedometer tests and triaxial creep tests on frozen soils.
The oedometer tests are performed on artificially frozen sand, silt and clay. The tests also include ice as a reference material. The results are given by parameters describing the tangent deformation modulus and the time resistance against creep.
The triaxial creep tests are carried out on the artificially frozen clay, and on a permafrost clay from Spitsbergen. The data are interpreted in accordance with Hult's theory. The artificially frozen clay shows much higher creep resistance than the permafrost clay.
In addition to deformation moduli and creep parameters the routine data of the materials tested are also included. 相似文献
12.
对土石坝心墙掺砾黏土开展模拟心墙单元小主应力方向加载的真三轴试验,首先对试样进行不同围压条件下等向固结,然后保持小主应力恒定,通过调整大主应力和中主应力,以模拟土石坝竣工后的初始三向应力状态。试验过程中保持大主应力和中主应力恒定,从小主应力方向单向加载,以模拟土石坝蓄水过程中心墙单元所经历的应力路径。试验结果与常规三轴试验以及复杂应力条件下大主应力方向真三轴加载试验结果都有显著不同。不同初始应力条件下,不同主应力方向的初始切线模量和初始切线泊松比的变化规律非常复杂,应力–应变显现出明显的各向异性。在心墙堆石坝施工过程及蓄水过程中,心墙单元所经历的应力路径明显不同,合理的土体本构模型应该对这种由于加荷路径不同所引起的不同方向模量和泊松比进行合理描述。 相似文献
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深部岩体工程处于高应力环境中,开挖破裂后的工程岩体在持续的高地应力作用下具有很强的时间效应,深入研究其峰后蠕变特性,具有重要的理论和实际应用价值。先采用RMT-150B型岩石力学试验系统对完整岩样进行单轴峰前屈服、峰后破裂卸载试验,制备出具有不同破裂损伤程度的峰前屈服、峰后破裂的损伤岩样;再采用RLW-2000型微机伺服岩石三轴流变仪对其进行单轴蠕变试验,研究其单轴蠕变力学特性。研究结果表明：损伤岩样波速与完整岩样相比,均出现了不同程度的降低;损伤岩样各级应力水平下,瞬时应变量均是随着应力水平的增加而逐步增加,且均符合线性函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样瞬时应变明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样;各级应力水平下,总体上各蠕变量随着应力水平的增加而逐步提高,且均符合指数函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样蠕变量明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样,且随着荷载水平的进一步提高,两者差异程度增加;损伤岩样各瞬时变形模量随着应力水平的增加均逐步提高,两者之间符合线性函数关系;各应力水平下对应的瞬时变形模量存在明显差异,岩样损伤程度越高,瞬时变形模量越低;各损伤岩样在各级应力水平下,改进的西原模型能够较好地模拟其单轴蠕变特征。 相似文献
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Rock reinforcement systems, such as resin-grouted rock bolts, display complex creep behavior because both grouting materials and bolts show time-dependent behavior. In this paper, only the time-dependent behavior of grouting material was investigated, in which creep tests of grouting material was conducted in triaxial compression apparatus at room temperature. The test specimens were provided from the Araldite epoxy resin used in rock reinforcement. We attempt to predict long-term creep parameter using triaxial creep tests and to define time-dependent characteristics of the bounding material. In short-term creep tests, three different axial and confining stress levels were applied in steps to each specimen. The transient creep for all the stress levels were described by power function which fit properly to time–strain curves. The maximum difference between the proposed model and experimental long-term creep strain was less than 7.1 %. It was observed that the creep rate of a grouting material specimen directly depends on the deviator of stress (i.e., σ1–σ3). 相似文献
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硬化土（hardening soil）模型是岩土工程数值分析中常采用的模型。为研究加载方式和排水条件对原状花岗岩残积土剪切行为的影响,对深圳地区原状花岗岩残积土进行了常规三轴固结排水、常规三轴固结不排水、固结排水侧向卸载和固结不排水侧向卸载4组试验,并由试验结果确定出不同加载方式和排水条件下的硬化土模型参数。结果表明：在常规三轴试验中,试样在剪切过程中表现为先剪缩后剪胀的特性,在侧向卸载试验中,试样始终表现为剪胀的特性;模型参数值与加载路径密切相关,固结不排水侧向卸载试验（CDLU）测得的有效内摩擦角 较常规三轴固结不排水试验（CD）试验大20%,而有效黏聚力 小了46%;CDLU试验得到的三轴压缩试验的参考割线模量 为CD试验的2.9倍,卸载再加载参考割线模量 为CD试验的1.8倍;在相同加载路径下,模型参数值也受排水条件的影响,由CU试验得到的 与CD试验的结果相近,但CU试验得到的 要明显大于CD试验的结果,CU试验得到的 为CD试验的2倍, 为CD试验的3.8倍。因此,在岩土工程数值分析中应根据工程的实际情况确定和选用模型参数值。 相似文献
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为探讨颗粒形状对粒状材料的颗粒破碎演化规律及强度特征的影响,提出了一个新的粒状材料颗粒形状量化参数,设计了一种考虑三维颗粒形状的人工试样制备方法,随即进行了常规三轴压缩试验,并分析了颗粒破碎和强度特征,最终建立了一个二元介质强度准则,具体的研究成果为：建立颗粒形状量化参数——球形模量GM,在此基础上制备了5种不同形状的可破碎粒状材料三轴试样,并发现球形模量影响着粒状材料的三轴压缩强度特征;通过筛分确定试样的颗粒破碎情况,对试样的颗粒破碎演化规律和临界状态进行探讨,发现颗粒形状通过影响颗粒破碎规律而控制着宏观强度的非线性演化特征;以二元介质理论为基础,建立了考虑颗粒形状的可破碎粒状材料强度准则,并通过试验对其适用性进行了验证。 相似文献
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对石英云母片岩进行三轴压缩蠕变试验,研究丹巴水电站石英云母片岩的三轴蠕变特性及其各向异性特性。按轴向荷载与层理面关系加工成平行组和垂直组2组试件,开展分级加载方式进行不同围压条件下的蠕变试验。试验研究表明,石英云母片岩具有蠕变特性,包括瞬时变形、衰减蠕变、稳定蠕变和加速蠕变阶段;采用带Kachanov蠕变损伤律的蠕变模型来描述石英云母片岩的蠕变特性,并进行蠕变参数辨识,拟合结果显示此模型能很好地描述石英云母片岩的蠕变特性;根据试验结果获得2组试件的长期屈服强度、破坏形态、瞬时变形参数和稳定蠕变速率,分析表明石英云母片岩的蠕变力学特性具有明显的各向异性特性。层理面与轴向荷载垂直的试件较层理面与轴向荷载平行的试件的强度、弹性剪切模量、体积模量和黏性系数相对较大,表现出较高的抗变形和抗破坏能力;平行组以剪切破坏为主,垂直组破坏时出现侧向鼓胀现象,显示出延性破坏的特点;2组石英云母片岩试件的瞬时应变量和稳定蠕变速率都随着应力水平的提高而增大。 相似文献
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Aging- or creep-related phenomena in sand have been widely studied, and the discrete element method (DEM) has been frequently used to model the associated soil behavior and then to explore the associated underlying mechanisms. However, several difficulties involved in modeling still remain unsolved. To resolve these difficulties, a new approach based on the effect of the microfracturing of asperities is proposed in this study for the DEM modeling of the sand aging or creep process through several aging cycles of associated reduction in the mobilized friction resistance at particle contacts and subsequent particle rearrangement to reach a new equilibrium state. This approach can be easily incorporated into different contact models and DEM simulations of the loading, unloading, and/or reloading processes, in either drained or undrained conditions, before and/or after aging. This new approach is proven effective because the DEM simulations incorporated with this new approach can satisfactorily reproduce the experimental observations in the triaxial creep process, drained and undrained recompression after aging, and 1D secondary compression and rebound. The simulation results also indicate that, based on the stress–force–fabric relationship, the contribution from the contact normal anisotropy to the deviatoric stress q gradually increases, whereas the contribution from the tangential force anisotropy becomes less during triaxial creep under a constant q. Moreover, the contacts between particles are gradually away from the state where the frictional resistance is fully mobilized, and then become more stable. During the subsequent triaxial recompression after creep, the aged samples exhibit enhanced soil stiffness, which is also found to be associated with the evolution of the invariants of the anisotropy tensors. It is worthwhile noting that the aging or creep effects on the microstructural changes, e.g., the invariants of the anisotropy tensors, can be gradually erased upon further recompression. This explains why the stress–strain responses of the aged samples during recompression gradually rejoin the original stress–strain response obtained from the sample without being subjected to aging or creep. 相似文献
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颗粒材料在循环荷载作用下呈现循环硬化行为,然而关于循环硬化行为的宏-微观相对应的机理解释的研究却不多见。本文通过3D-DEM实施了循环三轴数值模拟试验,研究了不同级配下颗粒材料在循环荷载下的循环硬化行为,并分析了(轴向)平均模量和由滑动接触造成的能量耗散的演化趋势。结果表明随着循环荷载的进行,平均模量逐渐增加并趋于渐进值。每个循环内的能量耗散随着循环数的增加不会一直衰减,存在一个阈值。不同颗粒级配下平均模量的增加指数和能量耗散衰减指数的大小相近(约为0.6),表明在描述循环荷载硬化行为时,无论是使用变形模量还是归一化能量耗散在结果上是一致的,即微观尺度上滑动接触引起的能量耗散映射出宏观尺度上平均模量的变化。颗粒平均粒径越大的颗粒体系,其平均模量越大,而且越早完成能量耗散过程,但不同的颗粒级配下对应的能量耗散阈值差异较小,基本上维持在一个常数(约为0.15)。 相似文献