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周训 《水文地质工程地质》2013,40(5):4-10
深层地下卤水(包括富钾卤水)是宝贵的液体矿产资源.深层地下卤水在沉积盆地内处于深埋、封闭和高压状态,多呈层状储集和构造富集;无补给资源,不具有可恢复性和可更新性;具有较大的储存资源,不具有调节性.深层地下卤水的开采资源由储存资源转化而来,在开采条件下储存资源逐渐减少趋于衰竭.深层地下卤水的储存资源量可以称为天然(储存)资源量(或远景资源量、潜在资源量),其中在一定条件下能够开采出来的部分称为可采(资源)量,其余为非可采量.可采量可以分为已采(资源)量和尚未开采的剩余可采(资源)量.天然(储存)资源量又可以分为弹性储存资源量和非弹性储存资源量.深层地下卤水资源量还可以分为盆地(区域)的、储卤构造(局部)的和单井的资源量三个层次. 相似文献
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试用有限单元法评价深层地下卤水资源量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用有限单元法评价浅层地下水资源量,是人们十分熟悉的。但对深层地下卤水资源量的评价,尚无完善的方法。本文对某储卤构造深层储卤层进行概化,用有限单元法模拟卤水生产过程并作出预报,提供了相应的结果。 相似文献
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四川盆地东北部某储卤构造深层卤水资源量容积法评价的改进模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深层地下卤水资源量的评价具有较大难度,一方面由于深部地质及水文地质参数难以准确获取,另一方面地下卤水资源量评价方法尚无规范可循。传统的深层卤水区域资源量评价方法一般采用容积法,但容积法对储卤层空间形态描述较简单,同时也无法处理深层卤水各参数严重不均一的问题,容易引起误差的累积。提出了容积法的一种改进模型,首先利用Opengl API三维渲染技术来建立储卤层三维模型,再利用克里格法对储卤层三维模型进行网格化,建立模拟单元,用模拟的方法来解决各参数的不均一性,进而求取资源量。该方法继承了资源量评价中"圈区算量"的基本思想,可以获得更准确的计算结果。为了便于该方法的应用,进行了软件实现,并以四川盆地东北部某储卤构造为例对该构造资源量进行了试算。结果表明该方法能更充分地利用深部地质参数,是对容积法的一种有效改进。 相似文献
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本文将龙女寺储卤构造深层地下卤水与不同浓缩阶段的黄海水两者的化学组分进行比较,以及对不同储卤层卤水之间的化学组分进行比较,结果表明该储卤构造地下卤水以高矿化度和富含Br,I,Sr,Ba等元素为特征,可分为两种类型,即碎屑岩储卤层的Cl NaCa型卤水和碳酸盐岩储卤层的Cl Na型卤水。前者来源于以陆相为主的同生沉积水,泥岩和页岩的隔膜渗滤作用可能对卤水化学组分的富集有着重要的影响;而后者则来源于海相同生沉积残余卤水,其化学组分主要受蒸发岩沉积的控制 相似文献
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异常温压条件下深层地下卤水渗流数学模型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
深层地下卤水是一种重要的工业原料水，具有很高的经济价值，由于赋存在异常温度压力条件下，因而其渗流场的定量研究难度很大，影响了这种资源的开发利用。为了准确地描述深层地下卤水在异常温压条件下的渗流状况，本文对异常温压条件下深层地下卤水渗流的数学模型了研究，建立了表征异常温压条件下深层地下卤水渗流场的数学模型。并以四川盆地磨溪构造Ｔ２１＾１储卤层所赋存的深层地下卤水为例，对此新建数学进行了应用与验证。 相似文献
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昆特依干盐湖位于柴达木盆地北部,浅部石盐沉积层储存着丰富的地下卤水。研究表明,研究区石盐储层渗透性存在明显的空间分布差异,这种差异对储层中卤水的水化学组成产生显著影响。渗透性较弱的储卤层,卤水赋存于石盐之间的孔隙中,其渗透系数K值为0.01~8.64 m/d,卤水中K+浓度为5.98~10.34 g/L,Mg2+浓度为6.08~13.98 g/L,pH值介于6.8~7.2,SO2-4浓度为19.85~37.93 g/L;说明低渗透性的储卤层具有稳定的水化学环境,且卤水与介质之间基本达到了水-盐作用平衡,应该为早期成盐时圈闭的残余卤水。而渗透性较强的储卤层,K为134.78~198.89 m/d,卤水中K+浓度为2.66~5.60 g/L,Mg2+浓度为4.18~6.24 g/L,pH为7.27~7.44,SO2-4浓度为41.39~61.71 g/L;说明渗透性较强的储卤层,卤水具有较高的SO2-4浓度及pH值和较低的K+、Mg2+浓度,推测由于低盐度水流溶解作用促使储卤层微小孔隙形成大的溶孔,使储层渗透性增强,水体混合导致卤水水化学特性发生改变。 相似文献
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该课题是地矿部“七五”重点科技攻关项目“我国钾盐成矿条件及找矿方向研究”中的三级课题(86008-04-03),由中国地质大学(北京)水文地质及工程地质系承担,1987年8月～1990年6月历时近3年,现已全面完成了任务。该研究成果已于1990年7月 6日经专家评议通过验收。 此成果从四川盆地深层卤水资源特点和开发利用的实际出发,经过充分调查研究并在分析前人资料的基础上,全面论述了四川盆地深层卤水的富集特征、卤水资源的独特属性,总结了不同类型储卤构造和不同性质储卤层卤水的储集特点,从理论上提出了深层卤水资源量的分类和评价原则,继而总结了多种先进方法,并利用这些方法对四川盆地区域卤水资源量以及12个重点储卤构造各类卤水资源量进行具体计算,提供了可供利用的定量结果。取得了以下主要成果。 相似文献
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环境温度对盐湖卤水化学组成及储卤层渗透性变化的制约 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖浅部储卤层是一个多场耦合的动态平衡系统,受到水动力、气候、化学等多种因素控制。本文对昆特依盐湖浅部储卤层不同季节(夏季和冬季)卤水组成和储卤层渗透性特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:卤水中的主要离子含量从夏季到冬季发生了明显的变化,其中,K、Mg、Ca、Cl的含量都相应增加,增加幅度为:Cl、Mg、K、Ca;而SO_4~(2-)和Na的含量却均有下降,且SO_4~(2-)下降更显著;抽水试验计算结果发现,从夏季到冬季,钻孔ZK08渗透系数K由178m/d降至97m/d。本文研究表明,随着环境温度的降低,芒硝(Na_2SO_4)从卤水中结晶析出,是以上现象发生的主要原因,随着芒硝的析出,促进了含K、Mg、Ca等硫酸盐矿物(杂卤石)的溶解,使得卤水中K、Mg、Ca浓度增加;另一方面,析出的芒硝一定程度上堵塞了储卤层的孔隙,卤水的粘度也因温度降低而增加,这两个因素共同作用降低了储卤层渗透性。 相似文献
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四川盆地卧龙河储卤构造地下卤水的水化学特征及成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地东部卧龙河储卤构造在深埋地下2000m左右的碳酸盐岩中赋存海相同生沉积卤水。该储卤构造的深部断裂、背斜西翼陡断带断层及破碎带构成了卤水的主要储集空间。卤水的矿化度为105.67~129.4g/L,为Cl-Na型水。将该深层卤水各水化学组分含量与对应的黄海水蒸发浓缩曲线对比,得知其富集Br-、I-、Sr2+、B2O3等微量元素或成分,K+不富集。卤水δD、δ18O资料显示其起源于古海水。利用离子系数及化学组分的分析结果,表明地下卤水在高温高压、封闭的还原环境中,发生了脱硫酸作用和白云岩化作用等化学成分演化作用。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(1):72-83
With the technological development of exploitation and separation, the primary sources of lithium have gradually changed from ore to brine, which has become the main raw material, accounting for more than 80% of the total production. Resources of lithium-bearing brine are abundant in China. This paper has summarized the spatial and temporal distribution, characteristics, and formation mechanism of the lithium-rich brine in China, aiming to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for future lithium exploitation from brines. Lithium-rich brines usually exist in modern saline lakes and deep underground sedimentary rocks as subsurface brines. The metallogenic epoch of China’s lithium-rich brine spans from the Triassic to the Quaternary, and these brines exhibit obvious regional distribution characteristics. Modern lithium-rich saline lakes are predominately located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the subsurface lithium-rich brines are mainly distributed in the sedimentary basins of Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi provinces and so on in south Block of China, and some are in the western part of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai province in northwestern China. Lithium-rich saline lakes are belonging to chloride-enriched, sulfate-enriched, and carbonate-enriched, while the deep lithium-rich brines are mainly chloride-enriched in classification. On the whole, the value of Mg/Li in deep brine is generally lower than that of brine in saline lakes. The genesis of lithium-rich brines in China is not uniform, generally there are two processes, which are respectively suitable for salt lakes and deep brine. 相似文献
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Zhenjiao Jiang Gregoire Mariethoz Christoph Schrank Malcolm Cox Wendy Timms 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(8):2143-2155
Coal-seam gas production requires groundwater extraction from coal-bearing formations to reduce the hydraulic pressure and improve gas recovery. In layered sedimentary basins, the coalbeds are often separated from freshwater aquifers by low-permeability aquitards. However, hydraulic connection between the coalbed and aquifers is possible due to the heterogeneity in the aquitard such as the existence of conductive faults or sandy channel deposits. For coal-seam gas extraction operations, it is desirable to identify areas in a basin where the probability of hydraulic connection between the coalbed and aquifers is low in order to avoid unnecessary loss of groundwater from aquifers and gas production problems. A connection indicator, the groundwater age indictor (GAI), is proposed, to quantify the degree of hydraulic connection. The spatial distribution of GAI can indicate the optimum positions for gas/water extraction in the coalbed. Depressurizing the coalbed at locations with a low GAI would result in little or no interaction with the aquifer when compared to the other positions. The concept of GAI is validated on synthetic cases and is then applied to the north Galilee Basin, Australia, to assess the degree of hydraulic connection between the Aramac Coal Measure and the water-bearing formations in the Great Artesian Basin, which are separated by an aquitard, the Betts Creek Beds. It is found that the GAI is higher in the western part of the basin, indicating a higher risk to depressurization of the coalbed in this region due to the strong hydraulic connection between the coalbed and the overlying aquifer. 相似文献
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The Bet She’an and Harod Valleys are regional recipients and mixing zones for groundwater draining to these valleys from a multiple aquifer system. This aquifer system includes two different carbonate aquifers, several groundwater-bearing basalt flows and deep-seated pressurized brine, the upflow of which causes salinization of fresh groundwater bodies. These aquifers drain through two groups of springs. Due to lack of information on the subsurface structure of the valley the flow-paths of groundwater feeding the springs, the initial distribution of salinities along the valley and particularly, the inflow-paths of the brines, have never been understood but were assumed to be fault-controlled. The interpretation of seismic profiles and analysis of gravity anomalies revealed the subsurface structure of the valley and namely the occurrence of a dense network of faults which branch out from those delineating the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift. The faults formed a series of uplifted and down-warped horst-and-graben structures. By joint analysis of structural, hydrological and geochemical evidence, it occurs that groundwater flow-paths leading to the springs emerging in the middle of the Bet She’an Valley are determined by structural elements such as major faults and fault-controlled structures. The penetration of the pressurized Ca-chloride Rift brines and their inflow into fresh groundwater bodies occurs prevalently along the faults outlining the western margins of the Dead Sea Rift Valley and at their intersection with outbranching NW–SE-striking faults. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西北角分布有基岩,盆地西部分布山麓堆积及河、湖相沉积地层,新生界发育有多个北西—南东走向的规模不一的背斜,新近系分布有富钾地下卤水。利用统计方法分析卤水中TDS、K+和B2O3的富集情况。结果显示：TDS值出现双峰,卤水样品富K+和B3+的概率分别为628%和6129%。使用Piper图研究地下卤水时,经常出现样品点过于集中而不易反映主要离子含量的变化。本次研究改进了前人的图示方法,绘制适合于表示地下卤水的水化学图。利用钠氯系数、氯溴系数、氯碘系数、钾氯系数、脱硫系数、钙镁系数对研究区卤水水样进行分析,结果显示卤水样品多数未达到石盐沉积,少数达到石盐沉积。研究区水样氢、氧稳定同位素数据显示新近系地下卤水δ18O值和δD值均发生漂移,表明卤水经历长时间的蒸发浓缩。研究区地下卤水起源于早上新世的古大气降水,上新世以后由于青藏高原快速隆升,柴达木盆地抬升和沉降中心东移,接受沉积形成良好的盖层,同时大气环流的改变致使气候变得干燥,地下卤水经历蒸发浓缩封存,形成现今的卤水。 相似文献
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Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs: risks in the geological system, part 2 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Alexander Kissinger Rainer Helmig Anozie Ebigbo Holger Class Torsten Lange Martin Sauter Michael Heitfeld Johannes Klünker Wiebke Jahnke 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(8):3855-3873
Hydraulic fracturing is a method used for the production of unconventional gas resources. Huge amounts of so-called fracturing fluid (10,000–20,000 m3) are injected into a gas reservoir to create fractures in solid rock formations, upon which mobilised methane fills the pore space and the fracturing fluid is withdrawn. Hydraulic fracturing may pose a threat to groundwater resources if fracturing fluid or brine can migrate through fault zones into shallow aquifers. Diffuse methane emissions from the gas reservoir may not only contaminate shallow groundwater aquifers, but also escape into the atmosphere where methane acts as a greenhouse gas. The working group “Risks in the Geological System” as part of ExxonMobil’s hydrofracking dialogue and information dissemination processes was tasked with the assessment of possible hazards posed by migrating fluids as a result of hydraulic fracturing activities. In this work, several flow paths for fracturing fluid, brine and methane are identified and scenarios are set up to qualitatively estimate under what circumstances these fluids would leak into shallower layers. The parametrisation for potential hydraulic fracturing sites in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony (both in Germany) is derived from literature using upper and lower bounds of hydraulic parameters. The results show that a significant fluid migration is only possible if a combination of several conservative assumptions is met by a scenario. 相似文献
16.
Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile contain numerous internal drainage basins occupied by saline lakes and salt crusts (salars). Salts in inflow waters stem from two origins: alteration of volcanic rocks, which produces dilute waters, and brine recycling, which leads to brackish waters. Chilean alteration waters are three times more concentrated in average than Bolivian waters, which is related to a higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanoes. Brackish inflows stem from brines which leak out from present salars and mix with dilute groundwater. Most of the incoming salts are recycled salts. The cycling process is likely to have begun when ancient salars were buried by volcanic eruptions. Three major brine groups are found in Andean salars: alkaline, sulfate-rich, and calcium-rich brines. Evaporation modeling of inflows shows good agreement between predicted and observed brines in Chile. Alkaline salars are completely lacking in Chile, which is accounted for by higher sulfate and lower alkalinity of inflow waters, in turn related to the suspected higher sulfur content in Chilean volcanic rocks. Six Bolivian salars are alkaline, a lower number than that predicted by evaporative modeling. Deposition on the drainage basin of eolian sulfur eroded from native deposits shifts the initial alkaline evolution to sulfate brines. The occurrence of calcium-rich brines in Andean salars is not compatible with volcanic drainage basins, which can only produce alkaline or sulfate-rich weathering waters. The discrepancy is likely due to recycled calcic brines from ancient salars in sedimentary basins, now buried below volcanic formations. Calcic salars are not in equilibrium with their volcanic environment and may slowly change with time to sulfate-rich salars. 相似文献
17.
Effects of in-situ conditions on relative permeability characteristics of CO2-brine systems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCGS) is an emerging technology that is increasingly being considered for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Deep saline aquifers provide a very large capacity for CO2 storage and, unlike hydrocarbon reservoirs and coal beds, are immediately accessible and are found in all sedimentary basins.
Proper understanding of the displacement character of CO2-brine systems at in-situ conditions is essential in ascertaining CO2 injectivity, migration and trapping in the pore space as a residual gas or supercritical fluid, and in assessing the suitability
and safety of prospective CO2 storage sites. Because of lack of published data, the authors conducted a program of measuring the relative permeability
and other displacement characteristics of CO2-brine systems for sandstone, carbonate and shale formations in central Alberta in western Canada. The tested formations are
representative of the in-situ characteristics of deep saline aquifers in compacted on-shore North American sedimentary basins.
The results show that the capillary pressure, interfacial tension, relative permeability and other displacements characteristics
of CO2-brine systems depend on the in-situ conditions of pressure, temperature and water salinity, and on the pore size distribution
of the sedimentary rock. This paper presents a synthesis and interpretation of the results. 相似文献
18.
Yang Fan Jia Chao Chang Wenbo Yang Haitao Wang Cong Fan Qinghe 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1847-1862
Exploring hydraulic connections between brine mining wells is of great significance to the development of geological resources; however, there are still challenges to accurately identifying these connections. In this study, a combination of hydrochemical and biological analyses was used to investigate the hydraulic connections between three saltworks (Yangkou, Hanting, and Changyi) in southern Laizhou Bay, China. The results showed that the groundwater recharge sources at Yangkou saltworks, and therefore the associated salts and hydrochemical composition of the brine, were different from those of the other two saltworks. The diversity and composition of the microbial community among the three saltworks were identified based on a high-throughput DNA sequencing method. The brines of Hanting and Changyi saltworks had greater similarity in terms of microbial diversity and composition, which was consistent with the hydrochemical results. Based on microbial analysis combined with hydrochemistry, the depths of the mining wells at Hanting saltworks were identified, along with the hydraulic connection with Changyi saltworks. As a tool to judge the hydraulic connections of geological reservoirs, microbial analysis combined with hydrochemistry may be applicable to a wider range of subsurface resources, such as oil and gas, which will provide new ideas for the rational development of underground resources.
相似文献19.
Paleowaters in Silurian-Devonian carbonate aquifers: Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Great Lakes region since the Late Pleistocene 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Changes in the climatic conditions during the Late Quaternary and Holocene greatly impacted the hydrology and geochemical evolution of groundwaters in the Great Lakes region. Increased hydraulic gradients from melting of kilometer-thick Pleistocene ice sheets reorganized regional-scale groundwater flow in Paleozoic aquifers in underlying intracratonic basins. Here, we present new elemental and isotopic analyses of 134 groundwaters from Silurian-Devonian carbonate and overlying glacial drift aquifers, along the margins of the Illinois and Michigan basins, to evaluate the paleohydrology, age distribution, and geochemical evolution of confined aquifer systems. This study significantly extends the spatial coverage of previously published groundwaters in carbonate and drift aquifers across the Midcontinent region, and extends into deeper portions of the Illinois and Michigan basins, focused on the freshwater-saline water mixing zones. In addition, the hydrogeochemical data from Silurian-Devonian aquifers were integrated with deeper basinal fluids, and brines in Upper Devonian black shales and underlying Cambrian-Ordovician aquifers to reveal a regionally extensive recharge system of Pleistocene-age waters in glaciated sedimentary basins. Elemental and isotope geochemistry of confined groundwaters in Silurian-Devonian carbonate and glacial drift aquifers show that they have been extensively altered by incongruent dissolution of carbonate minerals, dissolution of halite and anhydrite, cation exchange, microbial processes, and mixing with basinal brines. Carbon isotope values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) range from −10 to −2‰, 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7080 to 0.7090, and δ34S-SO4 values range from +10 to 30‰. A few waters have elevated δ13CDIC values (>15‰) from microbial methanogenesis in adjacent organic-rich Upper Devonian shales. Radiocarbon ages and δ18O and δD values of confined groundwaters indicate they originated as subglacial recharge beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet (14-50 ka BP, −15 to −13‰ δ18O). These paleowaters are isolated from shallow flow systems in overlying glacial drift aquifers by lake-bed clays and/or shales. The presence of isotopically depleted waters in Paleozoic aquifers at relatively shallow depths illustrates the importance of continental glaciation on regional-scale groundwater flow. Modern groundwater flow in the Great Lakes region is primarily restricted to shallow unconfined glacial drift aquifers. Recharge waters in Silurian-Devonian and unconfined drift aquifers have δ18O values within the range of Holocene precipitation: −11 to −8‰ and −7 to −4.5‰ for northern Michigan and northern Indiana/Ohio, respectively. Carbon and Sr isotope systematics indicate shallow groundwaters evolved through congruent dissolution of carbonate minerals under open and closed system conditions (δ13CDIC = −14.7 to−11.1‰ and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7080-0.7103). The distinct elemental and isotope geochemistry of Pleistocene- versus Holocene-age waters further confirms that surficial flow systems are out of contact with the deeper basinal-scale flow systems. These results provide improved understanding of the effects of past climate change on groundwater flow and geochemical processes, which are important for determining the sustainability of present-day water resources and stability of saline fluids in sedimentary basins. 相似文献