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1.
各向异性介质储层中波场特征的研究,有利于对多波资料的准确解释。在弹性波方程基础上,结合数值模拟技术与AVO技术,对多种介质模型和第二类含气砂岩储层模型进行数值模拟与波场特征描述。以表征介质各向异性程度的Thomsen参数为出发点,研究各参数对地震波场动力学和运动学特征的影响,并对第二类含气砂岩介质中模拟得到的正演记录,以及各向异性参数对波场的影响程度进行分析,进一步加深了对该类储层各向异性特征的认识,这为各向异性介质中的参数反演与地震资料解释提供了有力的参考依据。 相似文献
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常规的反射数据处理都假定介质为均匀且各向同位。研究表明，各向异性的存在会严重影响处理和解释的结果。在已有知识的基础上，研究了二维均匀横向各向同性介质中的射线传播规律并描述了速度各向异性波场的特征。对于准P波，各向异性参数ε，δ的绝对值决定波前面的形状，而ε与δ之差决定射线密度；对于准SV波，σ则是主要的控制因素。 相似文献
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这里实现了在2.5维各向异性介质中地震波传播的数值模拟。首先从2.5维一阶速度-应力弹性各向异性波动方程出发,得出了该方程的拟谱法数值解法;然后通过对Marmousi速度模型进行数值模拟,表明了拟谱法的有效性;最后计算并分析了均匀和混合各向异性介质中波的传播快照和理论模拟的地震记录,进一步认识了波在各向异性介质中的传播规律。 相似文献
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正交各向异性介质中地震记录的有限差分数值模拟 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
本文首先介绍了正交各向异性介质弹性波动方程的建立过程,然后讨论了高阶有限差分算法的实现原理、算法的稳定性和收敛性以及吸收边界条件的选取,并对正交各向异性介质作了正演模拟。通过波场快照、共炮点地震记录和ＶＳＰ模拟记录等正演分析,结果表明该算法在模拟各向异性介质中弹性波的传播是有效的 相似文献
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TTI介质qP波数值模拟方法因为考虑了倾角因素,可以比VTI介质qP波数值模拟方法更加准确地描述各向异性介质中地震波场的传播规律。文中用拟声波方程对TTI介质中的地震波场进行了高阶有限差分数值模拟,在改进衰减函数分布方式后,通过坐标变换,利用改进的完全匹配层(perfectly matched layer,PML)边界控制方程对波场边界进行吸收处理,取得了良好的效果;然后分析了拟声波方程数值模拟中的稳定性问题,并对波场中的伪横波进行压制。通过对不同模型的数值模拟,验证了文中使用的TTI介质拟声波波动方程的稳定性以及所采用的PML边界控制方程的可靠性和适用性。 相似文献
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基于散粒体微观力学理论,忽略颗粒转动引起的相对位移,考虑颗粒接触的组构各向异性,根据宏微观能量守恒推导得到了散体材料各向异性微形态本构关系,进而通过单位接触方向积分的递推公式推导出了各向异性本构张量表达式;在此基础上,根据哈密顿原理得到了各向异性散体材料的运动平衡方程和边界条件,从而求得了平面波在各向异性散粒体中的传播规律和频散关系,最后对波的频散关系和频率带隙进行了详细的参数分析。研究表明：该模型预测了散体中包含3类12种位移波：3种纵波、6种横波和3种平面内横向剪切波;横观各向同性条件下,接触各向异性参数a20越大,纵波和横波的频率越大,而平面内横向剪切波的频率越小;正交各向异性条件下,随着接触各向异性参数a22的增大,与2方向运动相关的横波频率增大,而与3方向运动相关的横波频率则减小;但a22的变化对纵波频率影响很小。材料各向异性程度对横波带宽影响不大,但对纵波带宽影响较大：a20的增大使得声?光学波间的带宽减小,而光学波间的带宽增大,当a20>0.84时,声?光学波间的带隙消失;但是a22的增大则使得声?光学波间的带宽增大,而光学波间的带宽减小。退化为各向同性模型后,预测3类波的频散曲线与其他各向同性模型的结果基本一致。 相似文献
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VTI介质多波速度与各向异性系数求取及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质,研究了多波速度与地层各向异性系数之间的关系。采用适应大偏移距以及强各向异性介质的双平方根方程,进行速度和各向异性系数分析,并将批量计算与交互解释相结合,实现了高精度各向异性介质多波速度与各向异性系数提取,并形成了一套利用多波地震资料求取地震波纵、横波速度及各向异性系数的方法和软件。所求取的参数可用于多波地震资料处理,提高多波资料的成像质量,也可为地层地质解释提供参考。实际资料的应用效果证明了该方法和软件的正确性及有效性。 相似文献
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煤储层各向异性地震波场模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对中国煤层的裂隙系统进行了系统分类;阐述了各类裂隙的主要成因。基于二维二分量各向异性弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟,对各向同性介质模型和高裂隙密度(含干裂隙和饱和水裂隙)煤层的二维层状模型进行了弹性波场数值模拟。结果表明:煤层含裂隙后与不含裂隙时相比,反射时差的变化已不足以识别,但由于波速的改变会使煤层顶底、界面的波阻抗发生变化,从而引起波的动力学特征的改变,AVO现象尤其明显。含气和含水裂隙煤层中在x分量和z分量表现为极性相反,而且含水裂隙煤层中的波速比含气裂隙煤层的波速要快。因此,应用各向异性理论研究煤层裂隙的特征是可能的。 相似文献
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利用工业CT对自然煤岩样进行断层扫描观测。针对煤岩裂隙系统的多尺度、各向异性特征,应用Canny算子图像分割与方向性边缘检测技术,提取煤岩CT图像割理的总体特征、水平方向和垂直方向特征;根据特征图像计算了煤岩样的总体分形维数、孔隙度,各向异性分形维数与孔隙度及其在三维空间中的分布;讨论了分形维数与孔隙度、渗透率之间的关系,并根据煤岩样的分形维数、孔隙度对实际工程岩体的孔隙度和渗透率进行了外推计算。研究表明,煤岩样不同扫描断面的分形维数和孔隙度不同,同一煤样同一断面不同方向的分形维数与孔隙度亦不相同。利用图像分割与边缘检测对工业CT图像进行分析,可以对煤岩的各向异性分形维数与孔隙度在2D与3D空间进行精细描述。 相似文献
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为了深入研究超声波频率对煤体激励致裂效果的影响,利用超声波发生仪对原始煤样进行致裂实验,并利用低场核磁共振设备NMR设备对煤样进行测量,通过分析弛豫时间T2曲线,深入研究煤样致裂前后孔隙结构的变化。研究结果表明:超声波可以有效改善煤体的孔隙结构,经超声波激励致裂后,煤样内部的孔隙数量增多,总孔隙率、有效孔隙率及渗透率均明显增大;同时,煤样内部小孔数量的增长率与超声波频率呈负相关关系,中孔和大孔数量、总孔隙率增长率、有效孔隙率及渗透率的增长率与超声波频率均呈正相关关系。研究结果为煤储层超声波致裂增透技术奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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Yanbin Yao Dameng Liu Yao Che Dazhen Tang Shuheng Tang Wenhui Huang 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,80(2):113-123
This paper demonstrates capabilities of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) in characterizing the development of coal porosity and fractures. For the investigated coals, the CT number of minerals, pores and coal matrix are approximately 3000, < 600 and 1000–1600 Hounsfield unit (HU), respectively. The total CT number of analyzed coals mainly relate to the density, coal maceral composition, and proportion of minerals and pores. Although the estimated porosities by segmentation method show some uncertainty, the results correlate well with the analyzed porosities by helium gas method and water-saturated method. The aperture, spacing and spatial distribution of fractures, and mineral morphology are semi-quantitatively evaluated by µCT using a computer-aided design. The slicing analyses of coals demonstrated that distributions of porosity in coals are highly anisotropic. The spatial disposition of pores, fractures and minerals is the most important factor that influences coal porosity and permeability. In spite of the limitation of low spatial resolution (70 μm) and some ring artifacts of X-ray, µCT has major advantages in non-destructive detection and 3D visualized characterization of pores, fractures and minerals compared to traditional methods. 相似文献
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通过测压孔现场实测4号煤层的原始瓦斯压力、钻孔瓦斯自然涌出量,并用刻槽法在测压点附近取样,实验室测定瓦斯吸附常数、煤的孔隙率及煤的坚固性系数f、瓦斯放散初速度ΔP等参数。依据煤层突出危险性单项指标和综合指标评价,认为川达煤矿4号煤层目前采区＋1 195m标高以上不具有煤与瓦斯突出危险性。 相似文献
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The measurement of coal porosity with different gases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sorption processes can be used to study different characteristics of coal properties, such as gas content (coalbed methane potential of a deposit), gas diffusion, porosity, internal surface area, etc. Coal microstructure (porosity system) is relevant for gas flow behaviour in coal and, consequently, directly influences gas recovery from the coalbed.This paper addresses the determination of coal porosity (namely micro- and macroporosity) in relation to the molecular size of different gases. Experiments entailed a sorption process, which includes the direct method of determining the “void volume” of samples using different gases (helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane). Because gas behaviour depends on pressure and temperature conditions, it is critical, in each case, to know the gas characteristics, especially the compressibility factor.The experimental conditions of the sorption process were as follows: temperature in the bath 35 °C; sample with moisture equal to or greater than the moisture-holding capacity (MHC), particle size of sample less than 212 μm, and mass ca. 100 g.The present investigation was designed to confirm that when performing measurements of the coal void volume with helium and nitrogen, there are only small and insignificant changes in the volume determinations. Inducing great shrinkage and swelling effects in the coal molecular structure, carbon dioxide leads to “abnormal” negative values in coal void volume calculations, since the rate of sorbed and free gas is very high. In fact, when in contact with the coal structure, carbon dioxide is so strongly retained that the sorbed gas volume is much higher than the free gas volume. However, shrinkage and swelling effects in coal structure induced by carbon dioxide are fully reversible. Methane also induces shrinkage and swelling when in contact with coal molecular structure, but these effects, although smaller than those induced by carbon dioxide, are irreversible and increase the coal volume. 相似文献
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为了定量表征煤的孔隙结构,研究煤孔隙特征与吸附性能的内在联系,采用低温液氮吸附法（LP-N2GA）、CO2吸附法、扫描电镜（SEM）和孔隙-裂隙分析系统（PCAS）对6种不同变质程度煤样进行孔隙相关分析.煤样孔隙分布相似时,煤样对N2和CO2的吸附能力、孔隙率的近似概率密度和孔隙面积（中孔）与煤的挥发分呈负相关,煤样孔隙的分形维数与煤的挥发分呈正相关.煤样的孔隙分布差异较大时,煤样对N2和CO2的最大吸附容量与孔隙分布有关.建立了煤纳米孔结构的联合表征模式,该表征模式能够更有效地研究和分析煤中的孔隙,包括孔隙数目、孔隙面积、孔隙周长、平均形状因子、孔隙率、分形维数和孔径分布,将SEM-PCAS与气体吸附方法相结合对煤的孔隙结构进行定量联合表征的模式是可行的. 相似文献
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深部煤层游离态CO2理论存储容量随深度增加而变化。基于山西沁水盆地南部煤样测试基本数据,对游离态CO2煤层存储容量进行计算,并分析其随深度变化规律。基于建立的煤层游离态CO2存储容量计算模型显示,煤储层游离态CO2存储容量受孔隙度、含气饱和度、地层温度、地层压力等共同作用的影响。CO2注入后改变煤储层物性会导致理论存储量有不同程度增加,但存储量增值与实验煤样颗粒大小有关;应力作用下煤储层孔隙度随埋深呈负指数降低规律会显著降低CO2存储容量,含气饱和度增大会显著增大存储量。 相似文献
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为了研究煤孔裂隙各向异性,进一步揭示煤微观结构及物性特征。选取平顶山矿区八矿煤样,采用核磁共振（NMR）方法,对比分析单轴加载前后煤样的横向弛豫谱（T2）特征和核磁成像（MRI）特征。实验结果表明,煤的T2谱特征具有显著的各向异性:平行于层理且垂直主裂隙X方向T2谱为3峰谱图,平行于层理且平行主裂隙Y方向T2谱为双峰谱图,垂直层理Z方向T2谱主要以单峰为主;单轴加载后煤样T2谱面积、孔隙度减小,X、Y方向煤样孔隙变化引起的峰面积所占比例下降,裂隙变化引起的峰面积占比例上升;Z方向裂隙变化引起的峰面积占比例下降;MRI揭示出,单轴加载后平行层理方向煤样孔裂隙大部分闭合,部分裂隙产生径向变形;加载方向裂隙大部分闭合,压实效应显著。综上所述,单轴加载下,煤样各向异性特征显著,同时表明核磁共振技术是研究煤孔裂隙微观变化的有效手段。 相似文献
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Sorption of methane on lignite from Polish deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coal samples from Miocene lignite deposits (ortholignite—ECE-UN 2002) in Belchatow, Adamow, Konin and Turow (Poland) were analyzed to determine the relationships between coal properties and gas capacity.Investigations presented here addressed the occurrence of methane sorbet in lignite deposits within Poland's largest penetrated lignite deposits (e.g., Belchatow, Adamow, Turow and Konin).Lignite samples collected from surface mines were detritic coal with variable contents of xylites. The highest level of xylites (up to 25 vol.%) was found in carbon samples taken from the Belchatow deposit. Samples from other mines contained no more than 10 vol.% xylites. Petrographic compositions were dominated by huminite group macerals (73-88 vol.%) with atrinite, densinite and texto-ulminite, a porous form of ulminite; inertinite groups were less important components (4-8 vol.%).Isotherms were determined for methane sorption at 298 K with test pressure ranges below 1.2 MPa. At a pressure of 1.0 MPa, the largest gas capacity of approximately 1.7 [dm3 STP/kg] was found in the sample from Belchatow. This result may have been attributable to differences in the porosity of the samples; the porosity of the sample from Belchatow was twice as high as the porosities of the other coal samples. This variation in porosity resulted from the lithologic and maceral composition of the coal sample that contained substantial quantities of porous textinite and texto-ulminite.The thermal sorption equation was used to determine the limiting values of isosteric enthalpy of sorption, which suggested weak interactions between methane and the lignite matrix. The residual gas capacity of the tested samples was also determined.All samples exhibited a high residual methane-bearing capacity, which may not only cause methane to be released from coal at a pressure of 1 bar but also may pose a gas risk during mining operations. 相似文献
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Coal swelling/shrinkage during gas adsorption/desorption is a well-known phenomenon. For some coals the swelling/shrinkage shows strong anisotropy, with more swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding than that parallel to the bedding. Experimental measurements performed in this work on an Australian coal found strong anisotropic swelling behaviour in gases including nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide, with swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding almost double that parallel to the bedding. It is proposed here that this anisotropy is caused by anisotropy in the coal's mechanical properties and matrix structure. The Pan and Connell coal swelling model, which applies an energy balance approach where the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid, is further developed to describe the anisotropic swelling behaviour incorporating coal property and structure anisotropy. The developed anisotropic swelling model is able to accurately describe the experimental data mentioned above, with one set of parameters to describe the coal's properties and matrix structure and three gas adsorption isotherms. This developed model is also applied to describe anisotropic swelling measurements from the literature where the model was found to provide excellent agreement with the measurement. The anisotropic coal swelling model is also applied to an anisotropic permeability model to describe permeability behaviour for primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. It was found that the permeability calculation applying anisotropic coal swelling differs significantly to the permeability calculated using isotropic volumetric coal swelling strain. This demonstrates that for coals with strong anisotropic swelling, anisotropic swelling and permeability models should be applied to more accurately describe coal permeability behaviour for both primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery processes. 相似文献