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1.
水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
采用最小主应力破坏准则,建立理论模型,是利用水压致裂方法进行三维地应力测量的新的研究思路和方法。本文在此理论研究的基础上,侧重于实际测试,并详细研究了岩石泊松比以及观测数据的误差对计算结果的影响。据此论证了该方法用于三维地应力测量的可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

2.
《岩土力学》2017,(5):1289-1297
HTPF法测试所需的数目众多的原生裂隙面大大制约了这种方法的推广应用。针对这一问题,通过为原生裂隙面上广泛存在的剪应力建立力学方程,利用最小二乘法和计算机程序试错搜索原生裂隙面摩擦系数的办法反演原地应力张量。理论上基于每个原生裂隙面的水压致裂测试结果可以建立两个力学方程,那么只需要3条原生裂隙就可以求解原地应力张量,但为了保证计算机程序反演收敛,至少需要5条原生裂隙,这一方法被定名为M-HTPF法。将这种方法在山东某科研钻孔的原地应力测量作业中进行了应用,通过利用5条原生裂隙面上的水压致裂测试得到的关闭压力和方位角数据,反演得到原地应力张量:σ_1=8.85 MPa,方位角为N58.12°W∠14.18°;σ_2=6.61 MPa,方位角为N26.2°E∠-21.54°;σ_3=5.01 MPa,方位角为N62.86°E∠63.86°。通过与同一钻孔内的经典水压致裂法的测量结果对比可知,两种方法得到的最小主应力和中间主应力非常接近,最大主应力则相差较大;两种方法获得的最大、最小主应力方位角基本一致。该方法为单孔三维水压致裂原地应力测量提供了新的思路和途径。  相似文献   

3.
一、引言在采矿、岩石钻进、顶板和底板的破坏等方面及水压致裂试验中,拉伸破坏都是一种重要的现象。在传统的水压致裂原地应力测量中,最大和最小的水平主应力的确定由下列式子给出:  相似文献   

4.
高压压水试验在某抽水蓄能电站中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简述了高压压水试验方法及其在某抽水蓄能电站中的应用结果,并结合该孔中的水压致裂法地应力试验测试结果进行了分析,高压压水试验的成果与该孔水压致裂法地应力测试结果得到了相互验证。  相似文献   

5.
水压致裂的基本计算原理是以最大张应力准则为基础的。一般认为水压致裂过程中,孔壁在水压力的作用下只会发生拉张破坏。最近的实践表明,孔壁的破坏不仅会产生张性破坏还会产生剪切破坏。本文基于摩尔-库伦准则,通过理论推导得出水压致裂过程中孔壁不仅产生张性破坏,也产生剪切破坏,同时验证了摩尔-库伦准则在水压致裂孔壁破坏机理研究中的适用性;利用数值模拟的手段以莫尔-库伦准则来说明水压致裂应力测量中裂缝并不总是拉张破坏引起的,也有可能是剪切破坏,且起裂位置与应用最大拉应力准则时重合;由于围压对莫尔-库伦剪切破坏准则破裂应力有较大影响,因此即使同一种岩石在不同的应力状态下的破裂对应正应力也将不同,该研究为摩尔-库伦准则在水压致裂中的应用有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

6.
引黄隧洞地应力测量   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
本文应用水压致裂地应力测量法和声发射法,在山西太原引黄工程的两个钻孔中进行了地应力测量,得到了可靠的数据,为隧洞设计提供了依据。文章首先对水压致裂测量方法进行了介绍,然后给出了测量结果。并对隧洞断面的设计和岩爆问题进行了讨论。根据岩爆发生的准则指出,若隧洞走向与最大水平主应力平行,且选择适当断面,将减小岩爆发生的可能性。  相似文献   

7.
钻杆式水压致裂原地应力测试系统的柔性会影响最大水平主应力的计算精度。利用空心岩柱液压致裂试验获得的岩石抗拉强度来取代重张压力计算最大水平主应力是降低钻杆式测试系统柔性的负面影响的重要途径。在福建某隧道深度为65 m的钻孔内开展了8段的高质量水压致裂原地应力测试,随后利用钻孔所揭露的完整岩芯开展了17个岩样的空心岩柱液压致裂试验。利用空心岩柱液压致裂所得的抗拉强度平均值为8.40 MPa,与经典水压致裂法确定的岩体抗拉强度8.22 MPa接近。对于20 m的范围内8个测段的原地应力量值,最小水平主应力平均值为8.41 MPa,基于重张压力Pr的最大水平主应力平均值为16.70 MPa;基于空心岩柱抗拉强度的最大水平主应力量值平均值为16.88 MPa,两种方法获得的最大水平主应力平均值基本一致。最大最小水平主应力与垂直主应力之间的关系表现为σH > σV > σh,这种应力状态有利于区域走滑断层活动。通过对比分析可知,对于钻杆式水压致裂原地应力测试系统,当测试深度小且测试系统柔性小时,基于重张压力和基于空心岩柱抗拉强度得到的最大水平主应力量值差别不大,这说明基于空心岩柱的岩石抗拉强度完全可以用于水压致裂最大水平主应力的计算,同时基于微小系统柔性的水压致裂测试系统获得的现场岩体强度也是可靠的。   相似文献   

8.
近些年水压致裂原生裂隙地应力测试理论和实践得到了一定的发展。本文详细介绍了水压致裂单孔三维地应力测试的基本原理,阐述了在钻孔内选择2条以上原生裂隙段进行重张试验的测量,或者在完整岩体水压致裂测试的基础上,结合2条或2条以上原生裂隙段进行重张试验的测量,就可确定岩体的三维地应力状态;并将该方法应用到了某国外水电站调压井部位的钻孔应力测试中,较为准确的确定了该工程区域的三维应力状态。该方法原理清晰,操作简单经济,具有较为广泛的工程应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
准确揭示原位地应力状态,对地下工程开挖支护设计和长期稳定性分析等具有十分重要的意义。利用水压致裂技术开展了纱岭金矿主竖井地应力测试工作,获得了20个测段地应力状态;室内进行了主竖井测试孔岩芯的岩石力学试验,包括巴西劈裂试验、单轴压缩试验及声发射监测试验,获得了岩石空间非均质度和强度分布特征,并分析了岩石非均质度与水压致裂测试结果的关系。结果表明:主应力大小随测量深度近似呈线性增大,测试孔的最大水平主应力值为20.78~45.20 MPa,最小水平主应力值为14.94~35.33 MPa,平均最大水平主应力方向为NW65°;测试孔岩芯各层位非均质度不同,变辉长岩非均质度系数为0.1~0.3,且岩石不同强度条件下声发射信号数量变化不显著,岩石离散度较小,花岗岩非均质度系数最高,可达1.0,以加载后期强相破裂产生的声发射信号为主;岩石非均质度影响水压致裂裂纹的扩展方向,扩展方向和最大水平主应力方向的夹角φ影响着最大、最小水平主应力的测量结果,且对最小水平主应力的影响尤为显著。分析水压致裂测量结果与岩石性质之间的关系,对精确探测非均质地层的地应力场分布规律具有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

10.
<正>出访概况应美国威斯康辛大学比撒列·海姆森(Bezalel C.Haimson)教授的邀请,王成虎于2015年8月5至12月18日赴美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校开展短期的学术交流。Haimson教授是世界著名的水压致裂原地应力测量方法的奠基科学家,也是著名的岩体应力和岩石力学领域的科学家。他目前的研究领域有岩石力学、岩石破裂模式、岩体真三轴强度准则、钻孔孔壁稳定性和钻孔崩落、岩体应力及原地应力测量、水压致裂原地应力测量技术。Haimson教授共编撰专著3本,发表文章100多篇,这些专著和文章都在国  相似文献   

11.
张健  张国祥  王金意 《江苏地质》2018,42(1):127-130
不同影响因素对页岩水力压裂效果有不同的影响。基于三维数值计算模型介绍了水力压裂的典型过程,针对水平最小主应力、页岩的弹性模量和渗透系数对压裂的影响进行了分析。结果表明:随着水平最小主应力的增加,裂缝高度也随之增加;随着页岩的弹性模量增加,裂缝的高度随之降低;随着渗透系数的增加,裂缝高度也随之增加;随着压裂液的黏度系数提高,裂缝的高度降低。  相似文献   

12.
在研究分析水力压裂对储层岩石力学特性参数影响的基础上,提出一种压力储层应力场分布模拟计算方法。通过建立水平井储层原地应力场模型和水力压裂产生人工裂缝诱导应力场模型,并且利用实际的水力压裂测井参数对储层原地应力场和压裂产生裂缝诱导应力场分布进行了模拟计算。模拟计算结果表明,压裂产生人工裂缝会对储层应力场分布造成很大影响;压裂后储层应力主要在裂缝周围得到积累,并且距离裂缝越远,应力值积累越少;压裂生成裂缝长度也会影响储层应力场分布,裂缝越长,裂缝诱导应力场减小越慢。  相似文献   

13.
不同条件下水压裂隙的发展特性对有效开采页岩气具有重要的指导作用。针对岩体在微观上为颗粒和孔隙的结构系统,提出离散元水力压裂数值模拟方法,离散元能量转化和能量守恒计算方法,建立了相应的三维离散元模型。采用自主研发的三维离散元模拟软件Mat DEM3D,通过控制模型的竖向应变与颗粒直径,来模拟地层中的应力与压裂速率的变化。模拟结果表明:(1)水力压裂产生裂隙的数量和方向受岩石的各向异性,压力状态和变化速率所影响。(2)裂隙在压缩波传播时发展,当水压力高速增加时,诱发的裂隙数量增多,并且有效能量(断裂热)百分比也随之增加,压裂作用也变得更明显。(3)当竖向应变为零时,50%的裂隙呈垂直状态,当竖向应变为-1×10-4时,裂隙趋于沿着最大压力方向发展,竖向裂隙的百分率增大。数值模拟和能量分析为定量地研究岩石水力压裂过程提供了一个新的方法。  相似文献   

14.
煤层定点水力压裂防冲的机制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
冯宇  姜福兴  翟明华  王博  郭信山  成功 《岩土力学》2015,36(4):1174-1181
为实现在掘进或回采前对冲击危险煤层的一次性卸压,达到区域防冲的目的,提出了煤层定点水力压裂技术。为了从理论上说明煤层定点水力压裂技术防治冲击地压的可行性和有效性,首先,通过建立煤层压裂力学模型,从定性和定量两方面分析煤层定点水力压裂防冲的机制,认为煤层压裂通过增阻和降能2方面实现冲击地压的防治;提出了基于压裂效能指数In的压裂防冲效果评价方法以及关键冲击块临界体积的估算公式,为煤层压裂施工参数的选择提供参考;最后,在华丰煤矿1412工作面成功应用该项技术,从现场观测、管路压力、微震事件和应力变化4方面验证了煤层定点水力压裂技术防治冲击地压的效果。  相似文献   

15.
Because of the advantages of integrating water pressure blasting and hydraulic fracturing, the use of hydraulic fracturing after water pressure control blasting is a method that is used to fully transform the structure of a coal-rock mass by increasing the number and range of hydraulic cracks. An experiment to study hydraulic fracturing after water pressure blasting on cement mortar samples (300 × 300 × 300 mm3) was conducted using a large-sized true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experimental system. A traditional hydraulic fracturing experiment was also performed for comparison. The experimental results show that water pressure blasting produces many blasting cracks, and follow-up hydraulic fracturing forces blasting cracks to propagate further and to form numerous multidirectional hydraulic cracks. Four macroscopic main hydraulic cracks in total were noted along the borehole axial and radial directions on the sample surfaces. Axial and radial main failure planes induced by macroscopic main hydraulic cracks split the sample into three big parts. Meanwhile, numerous local hydraulic cracks were formed on the main failure planes, in different directions and of different types. Local hydraulic cracks are mainly of three types: local hydraulic crack bands, local branched hydraulic cracks, and axial layered cracks. Because local hydraulic cracks produce multiple local layered failure planes and lamellar ruptures inside the sample, the integrity of the sample decreases greatly. The formation and propagation process of many multidirectional hydraulic cracks is affected by a combination of water pressure blasting, water pressure of fracturing, and the stress field of the surrounding rock. To a certain degree, the stress field of surrounding rock guides the formation and propagation process of the blasting crack and the follow-up hydraulic crack. Following hydraulic fracturing that has been conducted after water pressure blasting, the integrity of the sample is found to be far lower than after traditional hydraulic fracturing; moreover, both the water injection volume and water injection pressure for hydraulic fracturing after water pressure blasting are much higher than they are for traditional hydraulic fracturing.  相似文献   

16.
Multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) is an effective technique to develop unconventional reservoirs. Complex fracture network around the well and hydraulic fractures is formed during the fracturing process. Fracture network and hydraulic fractures are the main seepage channel which is sensitivity to the effective stress. However, most of the existing models do not take the effect of stress sensitivity into account. In this study, a new analytical model was established for MFHW in tight oil reservoirs based on the trilinear flow model. Fractal porosity and permeability were employed to describe the heterogeneous distribution of the complex fracture network, and the stress sensitivity of fracture was considered in the model. The Pedrosa substitution and perturbation method were applied to eliminate the nonlinearity of the model. By using the Laplace transformation method, the analytical solutions in Laplace domain were obtained. Then, validations were performed to show that the model is valid. Finally, sensitivity analysis was discussed. The presented model provides a new approach to the estimation of fracturing effect and can be also utilized for recognizing formation properties of tight oil reservoirs.  相似文献   

17.
A procedure based on the finite element method is suggested for modeling of 3D hydraulic fracturing in the subsurface. The proposed formulation partitions the stress field into the initial stress state and an additional stress state caused by pressure buildup. The additional stress is obtained as a solution of the Biot equations for coupled fluid flow and deformations in the rock. The fluid flow in the fracture is represented on a regular finite element grid by means of “fracture” porosity, which is the volume fraction of the fracture. The use of the fracture porosity allows for a uniform finite element formulation for the fracture and the rock, both with respect to fluid pressure and displacement. It is demonstrated how the fracture aperture is obtained from the displacement field. The model has a fracture criterion by means of a strain limit in each element. It is shown how this criterion scales with the element size. Fracturing becomes an intermittent process, and each event is followed by a pressure drop. A procedure is suggested for the computation of the pressure drop. Two examples of hydraulic fracturing are given, when the pressure buildup is from fluid injection by a well. One case is of a homogeneous rock, and the other case is an inhomogeneous rock. The fracture geometry, well pressure, new fracture area, and elastic energy released in each event are computed. The fracture geometry is three orthogonal fracture planes in the homogeneous case, and it is a branched fracture in the inhomogeneous case.  相似文献   

18.
Hou  Michael Z.  Li  Mengting  Gou  Yang  Feng  Wentao 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(4):985-1000

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential technology for the development of unconventional resources such as tight gas. The evaluation of the fracture performance and productivity is important for the design of fracturing operations. However, the traditional dimensionless fracture conductivity is too simple to be applied in real fracturing operations. In this work, we proposed a new model of dimensionless fracture conductivity (FCD), which considers the irregular fracture geometry, proppant position and concentration. It was based on the numerical study of the multistage hydraulic fracturing and production in a tight gas horizontal well of the North German Basin. A self-developed full 3D hydraulic fracturing model, FLAC3Dplus, was combined with a sensitive/reliability analysis and robust design optimization tool optiSLang and reservoir simulator TMVOCMP to achieve an automatic history matching as well as simulation of the gas production. With this tool chain, the four fracturing stages were history matched. The simulation results show that all four fractures have different geometry and proppant distribution, which is mainly due to different stress states and injection schedule. The position and concentration of the proppant play important roles for the later production, which is not considered in the traditional dimensionless fracture conductivity FCD. In comparison, the newly proposed formulation of FCD could predict the productivity more accurately and is better for the posttreatment evaluation.

  相似文献   

19.
The induced condition and mechanical mechanism of hydraulic fracturing is briefly analysed. Based on the triangle fracturing under water pressure and finite element method, an approach is suggested to judge the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing. In this approach it is assumed that there exist local permeable weak planes (cracks) in core; and the plane finite element method (FEM) for hydraulic fracturing analysis is established. The crack is taken as a soft material; and the effect of water pressure acting on both sides of the crack is modeled. By using FEM, the stress of element at the crack tip is obtained; and the possibility of hydraulic fracturing is judged. This approach can also simulate the development of hydraulic fracturing.  相似文献   

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