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1.
海岸带侵蚀灾害研究进展及思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在当今全球海平面上升的背景下,海岸侵蚀灾害已严重威胁着海岸带生存和生活环境,逐渐成为各相关领域的一个热点研究课题。因此,在总结中国典型海岸段侵蚀灾害的基础上,深刻探讨国内外海岸带侵蚀研究现状,并就此提出存在的两个关键性问题。最后,指出今后应重点加强以下5个方面的研究:(1)海岸侵蚀与地质环境条件的相关关系;(2)海岸侵蚀分区特征与发育分布规律;(3)侵蚀海岸的变形破坏模式;(4)岩土体在各种侵蚀因子作用下力学特性变化;(5)海岸稳定性的评价机制。  相似文献   

2.
河北省沙质岸滩存在海岸侵蚀现象,对沙滩旅游、海滩工程建设造成严重威胁,制约河北省海洋经济社会发展。海岸侵蚀监测结果显示,区域海滩滩面受波浪、潮流影响较大,时冲时淤,摆动频繁,沙质岸滩整体处于侵蚀状态,各区段蚀淤情况有所差异,高潮线以上有所淤高,海滩坡度开始变陡,呈下蚀状态。海岸侵蚀灾害已引起沙滩沙质粗化、滩肩变窄、滩坡变陡及基岩裸露比率增多等问题。针对这一突出问题,通过定点测量与遥感监测相结合的方式,研究了河北省海岸线动态演变特征,经计算,河北省各侵蚀岸段海岸侵蚀速率达1.0~4.0m/a,单宽体积侵蚀量-1.42~-19.08m~3/m·a。综合分析显示,人类海岸工程建设、区域海洋水文条件及输砂量减少,是河北省发生海岸侵蚀发生的主要原因。  相似文献   

3.
基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在全球变化导致的海平面上升和灾害性气候等压力下,我国海岸带风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等灾害发生频率和强度正在增加,对海岸防护体系的需求日益提高。传统海岸防护工程维护成本高,更新困难,而且可能造成地面沉降、水质恶化、生态退化、渔业资源衰退等后果。基于生态工程的海岸防护提供了抵御海岸带灾害的新理念。修复和重建沙滩、红树林、沼泽湿地、珊瑚礁等海岸带生态系统,可以起到消浪、蓄积泥沙、抬升地面的作用,有效应对全球变化引发的灾害风险,形成更可持续的海岸防护体系。通过分析不同海岸防护技术的优势和限制,认为以生态工程为核心理念构建和管理我国海岸防护体系,才能起到保障社会经济发展和维持生态健康的最佳效果。  相似文献   

4.
何金  傅成来  束立勇  等 《江苏地质》2021,45(2):189-196
海岸线是陆地与海洋的分界线,海岸侵蚀淤积变化对海岸带的保护与开发利用会产生重要的影响。基于实地调查资料,结合以往调查数据,从典型岸滩剖面、遥感解译等不同角度分析了近30年来盐城海岸侵蚀淤积变化特征,发现盐城海岸侵蚀范围不断南移,明显处于北蚀南淤的动态变化过程。初步探讨了盐城岸线侵蚀淤积变化原因。  相似文献   

5.
相对海平面上升的危害与防治对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
相对海平面上升已成为中国沿海地区海洋地质环境灾害之一。本文在有关学者以往研究工作的基础上,对中国相对海平面上升所造成的危害作了进一步探讨,并提出一系列防治对策。相对海平面上升能够在沿海地区造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮灾害加剧、海水入侵、水资源和水环境遭到破坏、沿海低地被淹、防汛工程功能降低等诸多灾害。为了减缓这些灾害,采取一定的防治对策是十分迫切和必要的,其中加强海平面变化监测和科学研究是基础,提高海堤标准、加强海堤管理与保护、施行海滩人工喂养是关键,此外还要辅以公众意识的提高。  相似文献   

6.
邵芸  张茗  谢酬 《地质与资源》2022,31(3):381-394
中国是世界上地质灾害最频繁、受灾最严重的国家之一.因此,利用更先进、更经济有效的手段对地质灾害进行监测和防治,成为我国的当务之急.通过总结目前中国以及世界上关于微波遥感、光学遥感和LiDAR等多源遥感数据在地质灾害领域的应用现状,包括地震、滑坡、地面沉降、地面塌陷、火山活动、冻土变化、冰川活动、土壤侵蚀、海岸侵蚀等地质灾害,对遥感在地质灾害方面的应用提出新的建议.  相似文献   

7.
华南地区崩岗侵蚀灾害及其防治   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
根据区域调查和定位研究资料,介绍了华南地区崩岗侵蚀及其灾害特点,概述了崩岗的形成、发育规律及其演变过程,分析了崩岗侵蚀及其灾害的影响因素。提出进行崩岗灾害防治时,应在水土保持传统方法基础上,整合水文地质学和工程地质学及其它相关学科理论,应用GIS技术对崩岗侵蚀进行科学监测和管理,为坡地利用和环境整治以及灾害防治提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
日照近岸海域灾害地质类型主要为埋藏下切谷、海底侵蚀、冲刷沟槽和冲刷陡坎及海底抛泥区等。通过对日照海岸带近岸海域的浅地层剖面和水深测量资料,开展主要地震地层界面的追踪和对比,结合沉积物粒度和地球化学特征,对近海海域潜在灾害地质因素进行分析对比,探讨了日照近海海区的灾害地质类型、特征和分布规律,为半岛蓝色经济区的海洋开发提供基础地质资料。  相似文献   

9.
进入20世纪50年代以来,我国海岸侵蚀日趋明显,一些海岸带资源或油田设施遭到破坏。针对我国黄河三角洲和长江三角洲海岸线的侵蚀现状,分析了我国海岸线侵蚀的主要因素:河流泥沙减少;海平面的上升或海洋动力因素增强以及人为因素的影响。并对目前我国所采用的海岸防护措施进行了分析。提出了我国海岸防护工程类型较多,应根据海岸侵蚀的特点采用不同的措施或多种形式组合,因势利导,使工程达到最好的防护效果。  相似文献   

10.
单沟泥石流灾害风险简易评价模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
按照灾害风险评价的一般框架,定性定量相结合,运用沟谷、降水、成灾因子、遭遇特征与易损程度等五项指标,尝试提出单沟泥石流灾害风险简易评价模型,并结合防治规划,提出了单沟泥石流灾害风险管理对策建议。采用云南新平县泥石流灾害调查数据,开展了实例校验,结果表明,该模型基本反映了沟谷泥石流灾害的相对风险水平,可为现阶段管理提供更加明确的分级依据。  相似文献   

11.
重庆市自然灾害管理综合信息系统研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从重庆市自然灾害情况及其信息管理现状分析入手,构建了重庆市自然灾害管理信息系统目标、整体设计和界面开发。重庆市自然灾害管理信息系统主要由4个模块组成:自然灾害数据库模块、远程通信管理模块、应用分析模型库模块及决策支持模块,它们通过一定的数据接口连结,在GIS平台上成为一体化系统,对重庆市自然灾害进行有效地管理和监测,从而减少自然灾害带来的经济损失。  相似文献   

12.
天山公路由于其特殊的复杂地形、地质条件及降雨等因素,严重影响其正常通行.因此,借助于GIS新技术手段优势,建立一套适合于天山公路特殊区域的评价决策支持系统,就显得尤其重要.天山公路地质灾害评价与决策支持信息系统的建立,首先在详细分析天山公路地质病害原理的基础上,收集公路沿线已有的基础地理、地学等资料,对照实地工作成果和遥感成果,结合数据库及遥感图像处理技术,按数据库规则进行相应的综合、整理、筛选、归纳及转换,建立以ArcGIS为数据平台的多源信息数据库.然后基于ArcEngine平台,开发一套集基础数据的采集、存储、管理、检索、图形编辑、空间模型分析、线路区域稳定性评价、公路地质选线,以及三维可视化飞行成果图形生成及输出为一体的地质灾害评价与决策支持信息系统操作应用平台.系统整合不同类型的数据资料和多媒体信息,实现了基于三维的空间信息查询和分析功能,势必为国土资源和交通建设管理部门提供一种可靠的决策管理应用平台.  相似文献   

13.
The study area is 56-km coastal zone of Chennai district of the Tamil Nadu state, southeast coast of India. The coastline, which includes tourist resorts, ports, hotels, fishing villages, and towns, has experienced threats from many disasters such as storms, cyclones, floods, tsunami, and erosion. This was one of the worst affected area during 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and during 2008 Nisha cyclone. The present study aims to develop a Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Chennai coast using eight relative risk variables to know the high and low vulnerable areas, areas of inundation due to future SLR, and land loss due to coastal erosion. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analyzed with the aid of the remote sensing and geographic information system tools. Zones of vulnerability to coastal natural hazards of different magnitude (high, medium, and low) are identified and shown on a map. Coastal regional elevation, near-shore bathymetry, and socio-economic conditions have been considered as additional important variables. This study revealed that 11.01?km of the coastline has low vulnerability, 16.66?km has medium vulnerability, and 27.79?km is highly vulnerable in the study area, showing the majority of coastline is prone to erosion. The map prepared for the Chennai coast can be used by the state and district administration involved in the disaster mitigation and management plan and also as a tool in planning a new facility and for insurance purpose.  相似文献   

14.
J. Shaji 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1369-1392
The densely populated coastline of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, along the southwest coast of India, is sensitive to sea surge and severe coastal erosion. The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami had inundated several parts of this coastal zone, indicating nature of sensitivity. The present study is an attempt to develop a coastal sensitivity index (CSI) for Thiruvananthapuram coast within the framework of coastal sediment cells. Seven variables, namely (a) coastal slope, (b) geomorphology, (c) shoreline change, (d) mean sea-level rise, (e) nearshore slope, (f) significant wave height and (g) mean tide range, were adopted in calculation of CSI (the square root of the product of the ranked variables divided by the number of variables). Remote sensing data, topographic maps supported by field work and data from numerical models are used in geographic information system environment to generate CS index for each kilometer segment of this 76-km coastline. This study reveals that 72 % of the Thiruvananthapuram coastline falls in the high sensitive category. This exercise, first of its kind for Kerala coast will be useful for disaster mitigation and management.  相似文献   

15.
Coastal erosion and management attract much conern all around the world as coastal erosion is a problem at many coastal sites exacerbated by human activities and its adaptability through reasonable mitigation measures. This paper summarizes the main factors causing coastal erosion including reduction of sediment discharged by rivers trapped coastal structures, sand mining and reclaimation, relative sea-level rise, destruction of coastal ecosystem and weakening of coastal defenses. Mechanisms causing erosion of coastal dune, soft rock coast and muddy coast are identified and discussed. Sandy coastal erosion, soft rock coastal erosion, muddy coastal erosion, biological coastal erosion and coastal structural erosion are identified according to the characteristics of erosion in China. This study supplements the theory and methodology for coastal erosion management and provides information for managers and stakeholders.  相似文献   

16.
洪水灾害风险管理广义熵智能分析的理论框架   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
基于洪水灾害风险管理的背景分析,提出用广义分布函数及其广义熵理论统一描述、物理解析洪水灾害风险管理系统的各种不确定性信息。基于洪水灾害风险形成机制和风险管理理论与水利科学、信息科学、智能科学综合集成途径,提出由洪水灾害孕灾环境和致灾因子危险性广义熵智能分析、承灾体易损性广义熵智能分析、承灾体灾情广义熵智能分析和风险决策广义熵智能分析组成的洪水灾害风险管理广义熵智能分析的初步理论框架及其主要研究内容,在其它灾害风险管理中具有一定的参考应用价值。  相似文献   

17.
计算机和网络技术的发展为地质钻探施工设计和施工过程管理信息化提供了技术基础。本文在分析地质钻探信息流和信息化需求的基础上,提出了地质钻探施工管理信息化的总体思路和技术方案,主要由钻探技术信息交互平台、钻探施工设计系统和钻探施工过程管理信息系统组成,包括合同管理、设计管理、钻孔管理、设备管理、材料管理、统计报表、领导关注、档案管理8大功能模块。该系统实施后可显著提高地质钻探设计、施工和管理水平,有较好的推广应用前景。  相似文献   

18.
为服务地质调查数据管理需求,基于GIS平台,构建了岩溶地区水文地质环境地质信息管理系统,按标准对调查数据、空间数据进行集成整合,实现了岩溶数据资料信息的数字化、可视化、动态化管理。其系统主要功能模块包括调查数据管理模块、空间数据管理模块、数据核查管理模块、钻孔柱状图管理模块、基础数据管理模块、系统数据管理模块。   相似文献   

19.
《China Geology》2018,1(4):512-521
Shandong has more than 70% of natural coasts are under erosion. Coastal erosion started from the 1970’s and became a very serious problem at 1990’s. The dramatic decrease of sediment supplies from rivers caused rapid erosion at the delta and estuary areas, especially in the abandoned Yellow River Delta. Most sandy coasts along the Peninsula were eroded due to lack of sand supply and interruption of alongshore sediment drift, sand dredging from the beach or the offshore area caused serious erosion during short time. Sea-level rise causes slow but constant shoreline retreats and became a more serious threat. Different types of hard solutions for coastal protection against erosion were used in Shandong. Seawalls are most widely used, especially at the Yellow River Delta and city center waterfront. Groynes, jetties and breakwater are used on the north and east sandy coast of the Peninsula. Hard approaches are effective to protect the coast erosion but not change the erosion causes and led secondary impact on the coast. Soft engineering solution or the combined solutions are taken into acts. Beach nourishment is mostly considered as the better soft solution, especially to those tourists attracting sandy beaches along the Shandong coast. Long term monitoring and continuous lessons learning from the coastal erosion management will be adaptive for better coast solution in the future.  相似文献   

20.
Natural disasters have a considerable effect in human, infrastructure and economy. In the case of a, e.g., catastrophic earthquake that happens and affects the urban environment, immediate and efficient actions are required that ensure the minimization of the damage and loss of human lives. Local and national authorities should respond in order to meet the above objective. Nowadays, one of the most appropriate tools for this purpose is the web-based geographic information systems (GIS). Such a system, named SyNaRMa (Information System for Natural Risk Management in the Mediterranean), has been developed in the frame of an INTERREG IIIB ArchiMED project (2006?C2008). The present paper aims at addressing the role of the SyNaRMa system as a tool for facilitating disaster management. It is argued that the development of a web-based GIS can assist disaster management agencies to improve the quality of their decision making and increase efficiency and effectiveness in all levels of disaster management activities. This research is primarily based on the findings of the abovementioned project that resulted in the development of an information system for natural risk management in the Mediterranean that can facilitate sharing, access and usage of spatial data in disaster management, i.e., preparedness, response and recovery activities.  相似文献   

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