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1.
对喜马拉雅前陆盆地和孟加拉海扇中各地层的碎屑白云母40Ar/39Ar资料的系统分析揭示了喜马拉雅造山带自印度-欧亚板块碰撞开始造山以来的整个剥落历史：剥落速率开始较为稳定,然后开始上升,在22Ma左右达到峰值,为4～5mm/a,随后急剧下降,最终以2mm/a的速率保持平稳。喜马拉雅造山带与青藏高原周缘剥落历史的对比约束了印度-欧亚板块碰撞造成青藏高原东缘和北缘的不同反应方式。即开始时的挤压主要被青藏高原北缘的大规模左旋走滑吸收,到30Ma左右,喜马拉雅造山带冷却、剥落速率显著增强,北缘左旋走滑造成的柴达木地块的向东运动被华北板块阻挡而停滞,因此在北缘发生了一些重要的冷却和抬升剥落事件。至18Ma左右,喜马拉雅造山带的冷却、剥落速率继续增高并维持在较高水平,而该时间段内无论是北缘还是东缘,均未发生显著的抬升剥落事件,因此青藏高原的整体隆升和地壳增厚可能发生在此期间。中新世末—上新世初开始至今,青藏高原东缘龙门山地区发生了一些显著的抬升剥落事件,导致了大量的山崩和河流侵蚀,即此时来自喜马拉雅的挤压主要被青藏高原向东方向的地壳逃逸所吸收。 相似文献
2.
郯庐断裂带热年代学信息及其与大别造山带折返的关系 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
大别山东缘早期郯庐韧性剪切带内的 T28- 12和 T28- 13白云母的 (181.4± 0.5) Ma和 (181.6± 0.8) Ma的 40Ar/39Ar坪年龄指示了郯庐早期左旋剪切的冷却时间为 181 Ma,这些年代学数据指示了郯庐同造山期左旋走滑热事件的存在.起源于华北、华南板块陆-陆碰撞过程中的这期断裂平移活动,发生在高压-超高压带主体部分折返至中地壳后的早侏罗世,推测其活动形式表现为造山带折返过程中高压-超高压带向 SE的斜向折返中形成的转换断层.郯庐晚期韧性剪切带内糜棱岩中白云母、黑云母的 40Ar/39Ar年龄,指示了 139 Ma前(早白垩世)发生的又一次左旋走滑冷却事件.在这期断裂带左行平移的同时,大别造山带东段出现了大规模的岩浆侵入及穹状隆升.剪切带糜棱岩中斜长石 40Ar/39Ar年龄指示剪切带在晚白垩世存在一期快速冷却事件,此次快速冷却事件的时间为 97～ 92 Ma.磷灰石裂变径迹研究成果揭示了 45～ 58 Ma前郯庐断裂带的一次快速冷却事件.这两次快速冷却事件分别对应于断裂带晚白垩世、古近纪两次伸展活动,并控制发育了断裂带东侧的潜山断陷盆地.而钾长石和磷灰石所在地记录的冷却时间显示,造山带内部的抬升都相应早于东缘的郯庐断裂带,反映造山带晚白垩世-古近纪的隆升并不受该断裂带伸展控制,而应是岩石圈拆沉的结果. 相似文献
3.
大别山东缘早期郯庐韧性剪切带 5个糜棱岩中白云母 4 0 Ar/39Ar总体年龄为 187～ 196Ma,其中三个给出了 188.7± 0 .7Ma、189.7±0 .6Ma、192 .5± 0 .7Ma的可靠坪年龄 ,指示了同造山期左旋走滑热事件。起源于华北、华南板块陆—陆碰撞过程中的这期断裂平移活动 ,发生在高压、超高压岩片抬升至中地壳后的早侏罗世 ,推测为陆内俯冲速度差造成的转换断层。晚期郯庐韧性剪切带糜棱岩及其中白云母 4 0 Ar/39Ar年龄 ,指示了 12 8Ma前 (早白垩世 )发生的又一次左旋走滑冷却事件。在这期断裂带左行平移的同时 ,大别造山带东段出现了大规模的岩… 相似文献
4.
阿尔金断裂带东端40Ar/39Ar和裂变径迹定年及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对酒西盆地北缘阿尔金构造岩中3件钾长石加40Ar/39Ar同位素和沿赤金堡到下天津卫石油河剖面花岗岩磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹定年研究,获得了断裂带内构造岩220～207Ma的钾长石40Ar/39Ar激光探针概率年龄,其中锆石裂变径迹定年也获得了233±19Ma以及192±26Ma的近似同时的年龄,代表了晚三叠世到早侏罗世快速的冷却事件,其可能与羌塘和昆仑地块的碰撞有关.锆石裂变径迹定年记录的149～135Ma年龄,也可能反映了晚侏罗世到早白垩世的冷却事件的存在,这一冷却剥露伴随而来的早白垩世的广泛沉积作用.磷灰石裂变径迹中值年龄主要介于42～28Ma,这一年龄结果和热史模拟表明晚始新世到渐新世,40～30Ma的冷却事件.研究区经历了类似于青藏高原北缘地区的冷却降温历史,其隆升和剥露演化受控于欧亚板块南部昆仑、羌塘、拉萨地体的碰撞拼合和印度碰撞后持续挤压作用. 相似文献
5.
郯庐高压走滑韧性剪切带特征及其^40Ar／^39Ar定年 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
本文首次报导苏鲁造山带西缘新发现的北东向郯庐高压左旋走滑韧性剪切带。剪切带糜棱岩中长石与石英皆广泛发生了动态重结晶,其重结晶型式指示变形温度高达600～700℃。糜棱岩基质中新结晶的白云母,经电子探针分析指示为多硅白云母,所计算的形成压力为1.03～1.45 GPa,表明形成于地壳底部的高压榴辉岩相环境。工作中对剪切带糜棱岩中6个多硅白云母样品进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年,其中2个超糜棱岩基质中新结晶多硅白云母分别给出了209.9±1.5Ma 和214.3±1.4Ma(皆晚三叠世)的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 坪年龄,指示了左旋走滑的冷却年龄。这些年龄值与苏鲁超高压变质带内已有的多硅白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 年龄基本一致,表明郯庐断裂带形成于华北与华南板块的碰撞造山期。结合其它地质现象,笔者认为在这两个板块碰撞中郯庐断裂带是以陆内左旋变换断层的型式出现的,从而将大别与苏鲁造山带大规模左行错开。 相似文献
6.
与时俱进,发展中国大地构造学 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38
郯庐断裂带的起源时间与型式仍然存在着很大的分歧。最近在大别山东缘早白垩世左旋走滑韧性剪切带中 ,发现了早期左旋走滑韧性剪切带。其中三处早期糜棱岩中白云母分别给出了( 188.7± 0 .7)Ma、( 189.7± 0 .6 )Ma、( 192 .5± 0 .7)Ma的40 Ar/ 3 9Ar坪年龄 ,指示了同造山走滑热事件。前陆沉积与变形构造也表明该断裂带在华北与华南板块碰撞中就发生了活动。郯庐断裂带内的造山期构造及旁侧的前陆沉积与变形构造特征 ,指示断裂带同造山运动为转换断层型式 ,并将大别—苏鲁造山带左行错移了约 35 0km ,同时苏鲁造山带发生逆时针旋转。在早白垩世滨太平洋构造活动中 ,该断裂进一步向北延伸 ,发生了约 2 0 0km的左行平移。因而 ,该断裂带起源于华北与华南板块的碰撞之中 ,其同造山运动与这两大板块的碰撞过程相伴生 相似文献
7.
辽宁丹东地区侏罗纪花岗岩的变形时代：^40Ar／^39Ar年代学制约 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
辽东半岛出露大量片麻状花岗岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为180～157Ma,该套岩石的最大特点表现在岩石明显经历了早期上盘向NW推覆和后期近EW向伸展作用的韧性改造,然而其变形时代却一直未得到确定。本文以丹东市西南部黑沟二云母二长花岗岩岩体为例,通过激光^40Ar/^39Ar年代学研究探讨该岩体的变形时代。激光^40Ar/^39Ar定年结果表明,黑沟岩体经历的早期推覆、挤压事件发生在～143Ma,而后期地壳伸展作用则发生在121～113Ma,并且该区在早白垩纪期间经历了快速冷却、抬升过程。从而表明在晚侏罗纪-早白垩纪期间(143～113Ma)辽东半岛经历了区域构造体制变革。结合前人大地构造研究成果,本文认为辽东半岛晚侏罗纪-早白垩纪NW向推覆、挤压事件是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲作用的结果,而晚期(早白垩纪)的地壳伸展事件是古太平洋板块俯冲作用的转向和变速、华北东部岩石圈较薄以及挤压后地壳松弛等综合作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
印度-亚洲板块碰撞导致喜马拉雅山脉的崛起、青藏高原的生长、两倍于正常地壳厚度的巨厚陆壳体,以及大量青藏高原腹地的物质沿着大型走滑断裂朝东、东南、西的方向逃逸。印度-亚洲碰撞如何造成板块汇聚边界由挤压到走滑的构造转换对认识大陆岩石圈的变形机制具有重要意义。本文通过总结喜马拉雅造山带及青藏东南缘~55Ma以来的构造、变质、岩浆记录,发现高喜马拉雅的挤出起始于始新世加厚的喜马拉雅造山带中—下地壳的部分熔融,受控于渐新世以来同期发育的向南逆冲和平行造山带的韧性伸展,并建立了高喜马拉雅"三维挤出"构造模式。晚始新世以来,羌塘地块和拉萨地块的物质通过"岩石圈横弯褶皱和壳内解耦"的运动学机制,围绕东构造结发生顺时针旋转并向青藏高原东南缘逃逸。结合东南亚板块重建的资料,我们认为:印度-亚洲的"陆-陆碰撞"到印度洋板块-亚洲东南大陆的"洋-陆俯冲"的转换是导致从印度-亚洲主碰撞带的挤压到青藏东南缘走滑转换的根本原因。 相似文献
9.
阿尔金-祁连山位于青藏高原北缘, 其新生代的隆升-剥露过程记录了高原变形和向北扩展的历史, 对探讨高原隆升动力学具有重要意义。本文采用岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹测年分析, 利用岩屑的统计特征限定阿尔金-祁连山新生代的隆升-剥露过程。磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果表明, 阿尔金-祁连山地区存在4个阶段的抬升冷却: 21.1~19.4 Ma、13.5~10.5 Ma、9.0~7.3 Ma、4.3~3.8 Ma。其中, 4.3~3.8 Ma抬升冷却事件仅体现在祁连山地区, 9.0~7.3 Ma抬升冷却事件在区内普遍存在, 且9.0~7.3 Ma隆升-剥露造就了现代阿尔金-祁连山的地貌。区域资料分析表明, 9~7 Ma(或者8~6 Ma)期间, 青藏高原北缘、东缘, 甚至整个中国西部地区发生了大规模、区域性的抬升, 中国现今"西高"的构造地貌形态可能于当时开始形成。阿尔金-祁连山地区4期抬升冷却事件与青藏高原的隆升阶段有很好的对应关系, 应该是对印度-欧亚板块碰撞的响应。 相似文献
10.
郯庐断裂带在华北与华南板块碰撞之后是否发生过大规模左行平移及其准确的时间,仍然是存在着争议的重要问题。郯庐断裂肥东段地表出露了大规模的、北北东走向的韧性剪切带。野外构造、显微构造与石英C轴组构分析皆指示为左旋走滑韧性剪切带。糜棱岩中变形矿物组合与矿物变形行为指示该韧性剪切带形成于中—高绿片岩相环境。通过对该段走滑糜棱岩中角闪石与黑云母的40Ar/39Ar年代学研究,本次工作中获得了一个角闪石(N14)的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为143.3±1.3Ma(早白垩世初),据变形温度判断其代表了该断裂带左行平移中的变形年龄。该糜棱岩(N14)中新生的黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为134.1±0.6Ma,而同一采场中另一糜棱岩(N13)中新生黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为130.3±0.6Ma,皆指示了左行平移活动的冷却年龄。另外4处走滑糜棱岩中黑云母的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为137.2±0.8Ma(N47)、135.6±0.6Ma(N17)、124.8±0.7Ma(N21)和125.9±0.4Ma(N22),也都属于冷却年龄,反映了该走滑韧性剪带内的不均匀冷却现象。由此变形年龄与冷却年龄可以判断该断裂带的左行平移持续时间不超过6Ma左右。由N14糜棱岩中的角闪石与黑云母坪年龄得到该处的平均冷却速率为21.7℃/Ma,属于较快速的冷却。本次40Ar/39Ar测年结果,更可靠地证实了郯庐断裂 相似文献
11.
Abstract: The Qilian Shan lies along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To constrain its deformation history, we conducted integrated research on Mesozoic–Cenozoic stratigraphic sections in the Jiuxi Basin immediately north of the mountain range. Paleocurrent measurements, sandstone compositional data, and facies analysis of Cenozoic stratigraphic sections suggest that the Jiuxi Basin received sediments from the Altyn Tagh Range in the northwest, initially in the Oligocene (~33 Ma), depositing the Huoshaogou Formation in the northern part of the basin. Later, the source area of the Jiuxi Basin changed to the Qilian Shan in the south during Late Oligocene (~27 Ma), which led to the deposition of the Baiyanghe Formation. We suggest that uplift of the northern Qilian Shan induced by thrusting began no later than the Late Oligocene. Fission-track analysis of apatite from the Qilian Shan yields further information about the deformation history of the northern Qilain Shan and the Jiuxi Basin. It shows that a period of rapid cooling, interpreted as exhumation, initiated in the Oligocene. We suggest that this exhumation marked the initial uplift of the Qilian Shan resulting from the India–Asia collision. 相似文献
12.
The Xining Basin is located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and its continuous Cenozoic strata record the entire uplift and outgrowth history of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic. The newly obtained apatite fission track data presented here shows that the Xining Basin and two marginal mountain ranges have experienced multiphase rapid cooling since the Jurassic, as follows. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the rapid exhumation of the former Xining Basin resulted from collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Tarim Block. During the Early–Late Cretaceous, the former Xining Basin underwent a tectonic event due to marginal compression, causing the angular unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block may have resulted in the rapid exhumation of the Xining Basin and the Lajishan to the south. In the Early Cenozoic(ca. 50–30 Ma), collision between the Indian and Eurasia plates affected the region that corresponds to the present northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. During this period, the central Qilian Block rotated clockwise by approximately 24° to form a wedge-shaped basin(i.e., the Xining Basin) opening to the west. During ca. 17–8 Ma, the entire northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau underwent dramatic deformation, and the Lajishan uplifted rapidly owing to the northward compression of the Guide Basin from the south. A marked change in subsidence occurred in the Xining Basin during this period, when the basin was tectonically inverted. 相似文献
13.
藏南错那洞淡色花岗岩年代学研究及其对藏南拆离系活动时间的限定 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿带(NHGD)内保存了大陆碰撞后青藏高原中下地壳的构造变形、高级变质、陆壳深熔作用等重要信息,是研究喜马拉雅造山带的深部岩浆作用和构造变形之间的耦合关系、深部岩浆活动乃至青藏高原隆升历史等大陆动力学过程的关键部位。本文对藏南错那洞穹窿内淡色花岗岩进行锆石LA MC-ICP-MS U-Pb、白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学和岩石地球化学分析。锆石U-Pb定年和白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年结果表明错那洞淡色花岗岩形成于19.5±0.3Ma~19.7±0.7Ma,冷却年龄为15Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示该花岗岩具有明显的Eu负异常,稀土配分模式和微量元素蛛网图与以Manaslu为代表的高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩一致,而不同于具有加厚地壳的埃达克岩的特征的北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,其形成于与南北向拆离相关的伸展环境。 相似文献
14.
青藏高原北缘晚新生代的差异性隆起特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在青藏高原的研究中,一个涉及高原隆升过程和机理的重要科学问题就是高原差异性隆升问题。文中初步研究了晚新生代以来青藏高原北缘的这种差异性隆升特征。研究表明,高原北缘山系隆升变化的差异性是很明显的。自23.7 Ma以来西昆仑山、阿尔金山和祁连山平均剥蚀率分别有4次阶梯式、谷—峰—谷—峰—谷式和二次阶梯式的变化形式。在3.6 Ma BP以前,青藏高原北缘山系的差异性隆升总体上呈现出东高西低的地貌特征;在3.6～1.7 Ma青藏运动发生期间,高原北缘山系的差异性隆升特征是西强东弱;在0.6 Ma以来,高原北缘山系的隆升差异性呈现出西强—中弱—东次强的特征。自1.7 Ma以来青藏高原北缘西昆仑山褶皱带平均缩短应变为38％,阿尔金山褶皱带平均缩短应变为8％,祁连山褶皱带平均缩短应变为15％。这和它们的高度在此期间的差异特征极为相似。 相似文献
15.
Lothar Ratschbacher Christian Dingeldey Christine Miller Bradley R. Hacker Michael O. McWilliams 《Tectonophysics》2004,394(3-4):155-170
New 40Ar/39Ar geochronology places time constraints on several stages of the evolution of the Penninic realm in the Eastern Alps. A 186±2 Ma age for seafloor hydrothermal metamorphic biotite from the Reckner Ophiolite Complex of the Pennine–Austroalpine transition suggests that Penninic ocean spreading occurred in the Eastern Alps as early as the Toarcian (late Early Jurassic). A 57±3 Ma amphibole from the Penninic subduction–accretion Rechnitz Complex dates high-pressure metamorphism and records a snapshot in the evolution of the Penninic accretionary wedge. High-pressure amphibole, phengite, and phengite+paragonite mixtures from the Penninic Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window document exhumation through ≤15 kbar and >500 °C at 42 Ma to 10 kbar and 400 °C at 39 Ma. The Tauern Eclogite Zone pressure–temperature path shows isothermal decompression at mantle depths and rapid cooling in the crust, suggesting rapid exhumation. Assuming exhumation rates slower or equal to high-pressure–ultrahigh-pressure terrains in the Western Alps, Tauern Eclogite Zone peak pressures were reached not long before our high-pressure amphibole age, probably at ≤45 Ma, in accordance with dates from the Western Alps. A late-stage thermal overprint, common to the entire Penninic thrust system, occurred within the Tauern Eclogite Zone rocks at 35 Ma. The high-pressure peak and switch from burial to exhumation of the Tauern Eclogite Zone is likely to date slab breakoff in the Alpine orogen. This is in contrast to the long-lasting and foreland-propagating Franciscan-style subduction–accretion processes that are recorded in the Rechnitz Complex. 相似文献
16.
The northern Tibetan Plateau has evolved a unique basin-range structure characterized by alternating elongated mountain ranges and basins over a history of multiple tectonic and fault activities. The Subei basin recorded evolution of this basin-range structure. In this study, detailed detrital apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronological studies in conjunction with previously documented data reveal provenance of the Subei basin, important information about the Indo-Eurasia collision, and two Miocene uplift and exhumation events of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Detrital AFT analyses combined with sedimentary evidences demonstrate that the Danghenanshan Mountains is the major provenance of the Subei basin. In addition, very old age peaks indicate that part sediments in the Subei basin are recycling sediments. Age peak populations of 70–44 Ma and 61–45 Ma from the lower and upper Baiyanghe formations record the tectono-thermal response to the Indo-Eurasia collision. Combined detrital AFT thermochronology, magnetostratigraphy and petrography results demonstrate the middle Miocene uplift and exhumation event initiated 14–12 Ma in the Subei basin, which may resulted from the Miocene east-west extension of the Tibetan Plateau. Another stronger uplift and exhumation event occurred in the late Miocene resulted from strengthened tectonic movement and climate. A much younger AFT grain age, breccia of diluvial facies and boulders of root fan subfacies record the late Miocene unroofing in the Danghenanshan Mountains. 相似文献
17.
WANG Yanhong CUI Jianjun ZHANG Yueqiao DONG Shuwen QI Wen SU Jinbao LI Jianhu LI Yong 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):1869-1881
The Hengshan complex is located in the central part of SE China, which underwent rapid tectonic uplift in the Cretaceous just like many other complexes on the continent. (40)~Ar–(39)~Ar geochronological data from the Hengshan complex suggest that two episodes of crustal cooling/extension took place in this part of the continent during the Cretaceous time. The first stage of exhumation was active during ca. 136–125 Ma, with a cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. The second stage of exhumation happened at ca. 98–93 Ma, with a cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. Considering the folding in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks and the regional unconformity underneath the Upper Cretaceous red beds, it is believed that the Cretaceous crustal extension in SE China was interrupted by a compressional event. The reversion to extension, shortly after this middle Cretaceous compression, led to the rapid cooling/exhumation of the Hengshan complex at ca. 98–93 Ma. The Cretaceous tectonic processes in the hinterland of SE China could be controlled by interactions between the continental margin and the Paleo–pacific plate. 相似文献
18.
摘要：大陆造山带与沉积盆地之间具有十分密切的内在联系,空间上相互依存,物质上相互补偿,构造上相互作用,时间上同步演化。这些内在联系体现在统一的形成机制上:大陆造山带和沉积盆地是在大陆边缘俯冲板片脱水熔融和大陆内部地幔柱(枝)上隆的热动力作用下,地壳由盆向山侧向流动,导致盆山地壳物质发生循环运动。青藏高原与周边盆地的耦合作用十分典型。青藏高原不是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的结果,而是形成于下地壳流动驱动的板内盆山作用。青藏高原板内盆山耦合可分为两个阶段:(1)板内造山成盆阶段,表现为180～120 Ma→65～30 Ma→23～7 Ma从青藏高原北部和东部盆山系统→青藏高原中部盆山系统→青藏高原南部盆山系统有序迁移,以构造隆升、水平运动、地质作用和大规模板内金属成矿为特征;(2)均衡成山成盆阶段,表现为从36 Ma开始,青藏高原整体快速隆升和周边沉积盆地边缘坳陷带巨厚的磨拉石沉积,以36 Ma B.P.、25 Ma B.P.、18~12 Ma B.P.、 08 Ma B.P.和015 Ma B.P.等一系列脉动式快速隆升、垂直运动、地理作用和水系 环境变化为特征。大陆板内盆山构造演化经历从伸展构造向挤压构造的转换,伴随盆地主动作用转变成造山带主动作用。大陆下地壳流动和盆山耦合形成非安德森式的低角度拆离断层、波状起伏逆冲断层和异常共轭关系走滑断层。 相似文献