共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
基于MODIS遥感影像和表观热惯量法,以新疆为研究区,建立了适用于干旱半干旱区1 m土体的土壤含水量反演模型。模型根据高表观热惯量,高土壤含水量,低表观热惯量,低土壤含水量这一理论,通过日地表温差和宽波段反照率确定土壤含水量的时空变化。假设通过1 m土体的土壤水通量正比于上下底层土壤含水量的差值,利用水平衡方程建立土壤表面和底层土壤含水量关系方程,并利用中国土壤类型特点确定优化模型。通过验证结果表明,壤土和壤质粘土这两类土壤含水量接近真实值,砂土在区域验证中,模拟与实测差值为2.16%,整个模型模拟精度较好,能够准确地从时空上反演干旱半干旱地区1 m土体的土壤水分情况。 相似文献
2.
以黄河三角洲为研究区域,系统地提出了用多种分辨率遥感影像进行区域蒸散反演,结合气象数据,进行不同时空条件下农作物需水的分析.通过反演地表反照率、地表温度、地表比辐射系数等参数,进一步计算出地表净辐射通量、土壤热通量、显热通量,根据地表能量平衡方程进行了蒸散的遥感反演;利用5个时相的NOAAAVHRR数据和一个时相的TM数据反演了1999年7～9月的蒸散,并利用TM影像反演的蒸散结果,提高了NOAA气象卫星蒸散反演结果的空间分辨率,大大增加了遥感蒸散反演的实用性.利用6个时相的遥感数据反演的蒸散结果及计算的日潜在蒸散数据对1999年7～9月黄河三角洲各灌区农作物的需水总量进行了时空分析. 相似文献
3.
土壤含水量是水文、农业和气象等领域的关键参数,而微波遥感是目前监测土壤含水量最有效的手段之一。本文利用主动微波与被动微波数据,结合其他多源遥感数据,运用随机森林算法分别在主动微波数据分辨率尺度和被动微波数据分辨率尺度下完成主被动微波数据的土壤含水量联合反演。首先对被动微波尺度的地表覆盖类型与归一化植被指数(NDVI)参数进行空间分辨率优化,再利用回归ReliefF方法对两种尺度所用的输入变量的重要性进行评估,并对输入变量进行优选,最后对比主被动微波数据土壤含水量联合反演和单独利用主动/被动微波数据进行反演的精度,分析主被动微波联合反演方法的有效性。结果表明：在主动微波尺度,主被动微波联合反演的精度相比单独利用主动微波数据反演的精度有所提升,相关系数r由0.691升至0.744,RMSE由0.084 8 cm3/cm3降至0.079 6 cm3/cm3;在被动微波尺度,主被动微波联合反演的精度反而比单独利用被动微波数据反演的精度更低,相关系数r由0.944变为0.939,RMSE由0.043 5 cm... 相似文献
4.
柴达木盆地土壤湿度的遥感反演及对蒸散发的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤水分是地下水-土壤水-大气水循环系统的核心与纽带,蒸散是该系统的重要驱动力。从区域尺度上研究土壤含水量的分布特征及土壤含水量对蒸散的影响对干旱区的生态环境保护具有重要意义。基于MODIS数据和GLDAS数据,应用表观热惯量法对GLDAS地表0~10 cm土壤湿度数据降尺度处理,估算柴达木盆地平原区2014年间6—9月的月均土壤湿度,并结合归一化植被指数(NDVI)和实测土壤湿度数据对反演结果进行验证;利用地表能量平衡系统(SEBS)模型对平原区9个子流域的日均蒸散量进行计算,分析了土壤湿度与日均蒸散量之间的关系。结果表明：反演得到的表观热惯量(ATI)与GLDAS地表0~10 cm土壤含水量数据相关性较好,决定系数R2整体在07以上;利用ATI对GLDAS数据降尺度处理,得到的土壤含水量与NDVI和实测土壤湿度的决定系数R2分别为0954和0791,因此使用ATI法对GLDAS土壤含水量数据降尺度反演柴达木盆地平原区土壤湿度是可靠的。平原区日蒸散量与土壤湿度呈明显的正相关关系,决定系数R2整体在096以上,在影响蒸散的各考虑因素中,土壤湿度对蒸散的影响远大于其他因素。 相似文献
5.
MODIS地表温度产品在青藏高原连续多年冻土区的适用性分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用自动气象站观测的长波辐射计算得到的地表温度对MODIS地表温度(LST)产品在青藏高原中部连续多年冻土区的精度进行验证, 并利用具有较高空间分辨率的Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 7 ETM+反演的地表温度与MODIS LST产品进行了对比分析. 结果表明: 白天MODIS LST产品的平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别约为3.42~4.41 ℃和4.41~5.29 ℃, 夜晚MODIS产品MAE和RMSE分别为2.15~2.90 ℃和3.05~3.78 ℃, 精度高于白天; MODIS LST与TM、ETM+反演的地表温度一致性较好, 相关系数分别达到0.85和0.95. 说明MODIS LST产品在连续多年冻土区的适用性较高, 是研究多年冻土地表热状况的一个非常好的数据源. 而且, 不同空间尺度的遥感数据之间一致性较好, 可考虑将多源遥感数据应用于多年冻土热状况监测研究. 相似文献
6.
喀斯特地区浅表层土壤分布极不均匀,探测土－岩界面和土壤分布对区域水文以及生态环境研究具有重要意义。文章基于麦克斯韦方程组构建了频域电磁法（FDEM）探测的电导率（EC）一维反演模型,实现了喀斯特浅表剖面EC可视化表述。根据设定的理想地层EC数据以及南方喀斯特峰丛洼地两个剖面和出露的三个实测剖面的FDEM实测视电导率,结合高密度电法、剖面实测土－岩界面,检验了反演模型可靠性。结果表明:FDEM法反演结果能较好的描述理想地层EC变化,以及土壤与灰岩、白云岩界面EC分布,进而可辨识土壤厚度分布,但基于反演的EC值判别尺度较小的溶沟（槽）以及泥岩区土－岩界面误差较大。 相似文献
7.
农田土壤中重金属元素富集会严重制约农作物的生长,且对人类健康造成潜在威胁。高光谱遥感数据具有极高的光谱分辨率,因而可在土壤重金属污染元素信息的定量研究中发挥重要作用。本文以雄安新区西南部及其周边农田土壤作为研究对象,在实验室测定土壤重金属元素Ni的含量,并与土壤可见-近红外高光谱数据建立土壤重金属Ni含量的定量估测模型,进一步基于CASI&SASI航空高光谱数据快速反演研究区农田土壤重金属Ni的含量,获取其分布特征。本文研究并建立了研究区土壤重金属元素基于不同光谱变换形式的多元逐步回归、偏最小二乘回归和BP神经网络统计估算模型,通过模型验证与对比,探索研究区土壤重金属Ni元素含量的最优反演模型。研究结果表明: （1）基于各光谱变换的BP神经网络模型的建模和预测精度整体上大于偏最小二乘法和多元逐步回归法模型,模型拟合精度高,预测能力较好;（2）综合来看,一阶微分处理能普遍改善模型预测效果,其中BP神经网络模型的一阶微分变换结果最佳,对于Ni元素建模精度R2高达97.1%,验证集精度R2高达98%以上;（3）选用精度最好的BP神经网络模型,通过CASI&SASI高光谱数据对研究区重金属Ni含量进行反演,反演结果与实测Ni含量数据一致性很好。 相似文献
8.
基于AMSR2被动微波积雪参量高精度反演方法研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以新疆为研究区域建立了被动微波遥感积雪深度高精度反演模型,采用高空间和时间分辨率AM SR2被动微波遥感数据(2012年11月-2015年3月逐日数据),结合研究区域海拔高度、坡度、坡向、沙漠,荒漠和地表粗糙度等地形、地貌特征,考虑冰川、水体、林地等地表覆盖类型和不同季节的新雪、干雪和湿雪等积雪属性的微波辐射特征,以决策树阈值法为基础,通过采集样本分类建立起多种雪深判识阈值,在此基础上建立AMSR2高精度积雪深度反演综合模型,分类分析不稳定积雪和冰川信息,从而实现雪深在60 cm以内的积雪深度AMSR2反演的主要原理、思路及方法,并对模型的反演结果跟台站实测或者野外观测积雪值以时间和空间角度进行检验.结果表明:该综合模型能够定量判识研究区域复杂地形地貌条件下的1~60 cm积雪厚度,检验的复相关系数为0.74~0.88,均方根误差为2.92~6.14 cm,平均绝对偏差指数为3~4 cm,雪深误差5 cm的精度为91%~94%,雪深误差2.5cm的精度为81%~87%. 相似文献
9.
基于地表温度与植被指数特征空间反演地表参数的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
遥感反演的地表温度(Ts)和植被指数(VI)构成的特征空间结合模型分析可以对显热通量、潜热通量及土壤含水量等地表参数进行估算.这种方法比较实用,且不过多地依赖地面观测数据.随着研究的深入,许多学者在Ts/VI特征空间基础上提出了更加丰富的空间变量.基于此,以不同空间变量为标准,分类介绍在Ts/VI特征空间的基础上对地表能量通量及土壤水分等参数的反演.其中包括在Ts/NDVI特征空间基础上提出温度植被干旱指数和条件植被温度指数来监测干旱;利用Ts/albedo特征空间反演蒸发比;用DSTV/VI特征空间反演蒸散量;用地气温差/植被指数特征空间反演蒸散量等.并介绍了Ts/VI特征空间与微波遥感结合反演地表含水量等相关研究的进展情况,最后提出未来研究的发展方向. 相似文献
10.
地面核磁共振正则化反演方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
不同的模型约束对基于正则化反演技术的地面核磁共振测深数据反演影响很大。利用理论数据讨论了平坦模型和光滑模型约束及与之相关的正则化参数对反演结果的影响规律。模拟表明,无论是高信噪比数据,还是低信噪比数据,反演的含水量在小正则化参数时,对模型约束的依赖性不大,主要受正则化参数影响。大正则化参数时反演分辨率低,而小正则化参数在保证数据拟合精度提高的同时,增加了模型的分辨率,能获得更可靠的含水量分布。 相似文献
11.
Spatial distribution of surface soil water content under different vegetation types in northwest Guangxi, China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Wanxia Peng Tongqing Song Fuping Zeng Kelin Wang Hu Du Shiyang Lu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2699-2708
Geostatistical and statistical analyses were combined to examine the spatial distribution of soil water content under four vegetation types during the dry season, in the peak-cluster depression in the karst region in northwest Guangxi, southwest China. The soil water content significantly increased from farmland to plantation, secondary forest, and primary forest; whereas the variation coefficients, the sill (C 0+C), and total spatial variance increased, although the range decreased. The spatial distribution of soil water content in the different vegetation types had a high spatial autocorrelation. Different models produced a best fit for the semivariograms of the four vegetation types. Elevation and slope position were the primary factors influencing the spatial distribution of soil water content, with other key factors differing between the four vegetation types. Moreover, even though different specific factors influenced soil water content in the four vegetation types, the correlations and degrees of associations between the soil water content and these various factors differed. Therefore, the corresponding strategies for rational usage and management of water resources should be different for the four vegetation types in this region. 相似文献
12.
两种用于作物冠层叶绿素含量提取的改进光谱指数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在深入探讨目前广泛使用的提取叶绿素含量的植被指数的光谱响应机制基础上,利用PROSPECT+SAIL模型模拟的作物冠层反射率样本数据对比分析了这些植被指数对叶绿素含量变化的敏感性差异,包括PSSRa、PSSRb、PSNDa、PSNDb、NPCI、PRI、MCARI和TVI等.结果表明,上述植被指数或对土壤背景变化敏感,或受高值LAI影响趋于饱和,对作物叶绿素含量反演效果均不理想.提出了4种基于TVI和MCARI的改进植被指数MTVI1、MTVI2、MCARI1和MCARI2,揭示了它们对土壤背景和LAI不敏感,对叶绿素含量变化更为敏感的光谱机制,并根据实验数据对其进行验证.实验表明,改进的植被指数MTVI2和MCARI2是作物冠层叶绿素含量较好的预测器,可据此建立作物冠层叶绿素含量反演模型. 相似文献
13.
Xiaoan Zuo Halin Zhao Xueyong Zhao Yirui Guo Jianying Yun Shaokun Wang Takafumi Miyasaka 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1227-1237
The Horqin Sandy Land is one of the most severely desertified regions in northern China. Plant communities and soil conditions
at five stages of grassland desertification (potential, light, moderate, severe and very severe) were selected for the study
of vegetation pattern variation relating to soil degradation. The results showed that vegetation cover, species richness and
diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), underground biomass, litter, soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus
(P), electrical conductivity, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and silt (0.05–0.002 mm) content decreased with the desertification
development. Plant community succession presented that the palatable herbaceous plants gave place to the shrub species with
asexual reproduction and sand pioneer plants. The decline of vegetation cover and AGB was positively related to the loss of
soil organic C and total N with progressive desertification (P < 0.01). The multivariate statistical analysis showed that plant community distribution, species diversity and ecological
dominance had the close relationship with the gradient of soil nutrients in the processes of grassland desertification. These
results suggest that grassland desertification results in the variation of vegetation pattern which presents the different
composition and structure of plant community highly influenced by the soil properties. 相似文献
14.
Guohua Ren Zhanhuan Shang Ruijun Long Yuan Hou Bin Deng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):235-245
In alpine meadow ecosystems, considerable spatial heterogeneity in forb-dominant vegetation exists as a result of severe grassland degeneration; however, there is limited quantitative information on the vegetative differences between degenerated and pristine grasslands. Therefore, a field study, which seeks to identify the edaphic factors driving the variation in plant composition and distribution, was conducted in a severely degraded alpine meadow located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Five meadows, an original meadow and four degraded meadows, were used to determine the differentiation and relationships between the vegetation and soil of degraded alpine meadows. The dominated species of these degraded meadows are Ligularia virgaurea–Artemisia gmelinii (LA), Oxytropis ochrocephala–Leontopodium nanum (OL), Aconitum pendulum–Potentilla anserina (AP) and Stellera chamaejasme–Artemisia nanschanica (SA), respectively. The results indicate that vegetation cover, grass biomass, species number and diversity indices clearly decrease from the original to the degraded meadow. Soil water, clay and nutrient content are also reduced with grassland degradation in surface and subsoil layers. The joint study of floristic and edaphic variables confirms that the soil features, especially the bulk density, sand content, pH, salinity, N and K, mainly determine the establishment of vegetation in the severely degraded fields of this study. These results may be useful for alpine grassland ecosystem restoration and management. 相似文献
15.
Yibing Qian Zhaoning Wu Zhongcheng Wang Haifeng Yang Chao Jiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(6):2027-2036
On longitudinal dunes in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert, the vegetation was investigated, and the texture, water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, salt content and pH of aeolian sand soil were measured. By means of geostatistical methods, the spatial heterogeneity for vegetation and aeolian sand soil properties was analyzed. The vegetation pattern and aeolian sand soil properties were moderately to strongly spatially heterogeneous as a whole, with a spatially dependent range of 8.8–74.8 m. Because both of them had a nest structure of grading system, their spatial heterogeneity needed to be described by the fractal dimensions at different sampling scales. The autocorrelated spatial range A 0 and fractal dimensions of the cover of vegetation and the diversity of herberious synusium were similar to these of soil water contents (SM). The coarse grain size (φ1) and sorting (σ) of soil, the diversity of herbaceous synusium and the cover of vegetation had a closer dependent range A0, being 37.8–57.8 m. The trends of spatial variation for organic matter and total nitrogen contents were very similar to that of vegetation cover. The spatial heterogeneities of soil pH and salt content were mainly restricted by terrain and basically not related to vegetation. 相似文献
16.
西南岩溶地区是我国主要岩溶带之一，也是世界岩溶研究重点地区，区内因人口众多，植被破坏严重，部分地区因人为作用已经产生一系列的环境问题，本文从岩溶地区植被演替规律出发，针对不同植被生态条件，通过对比不同表层岩溶泉的水化学特征和表层土壤空气CO2（g)（表示呀以气相形式存在）的含量，分析了植被在岩溶区，特别在表层岩溶带的喀斯特效应，由此，一方面可以推动岩溶研究的进一步发展；另一方面可以提高人们的岩溶环境保护意识，从而为西南地区生态恢复提供基础资料。 相似文献
17.
A comparison of the predictive potential of various vegetation indices for leaf chlorophyll content 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Leaf chlorophyll is an important indicator of nutritional stress, photosynthetic capacity, and growth status of plants. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate leaf chlorophyll content over a range of spatial and temporal scales. However, traditional methods for chlorophyll measurement mainly rely on chemical analysis, which is not universally applicable to dynamic monitoring of plants in large areas because it is time consuming and requires destructive measurements. Hyperspectral remote sensing has enormous potential for accurate retrieval of plant biochemical parameters. Therefore, it has become the most popular means to retrieve chlorophyll content, by establishing empirical relationships between different vegetation indices and chlorophyll content. In recent years, many vegetation indices have been developed for the inversion of chlorophyll content. Only the vegetation indices that are less affected by the external environment are used, in order to establish a strong and robust model. Therefore, it is very important to assess the anti-disturbance ability of different vegetation indices. In this paper, a new method is proposed to quantitatively assess the anti-disturbance ability of vegetation indices. The anti-disturbance ability of several vegetation indices that are commonly used for chlorophyll estimation was evaluated using this method. We concluded that the anti-disturbance ability of VogD, TCARI/OSAVI, and Datt99 is stronger than the other vegetation indices tested. However, if a vegetation index is not sensitive to chlorophyll content, predicting chlorophyll content holds no value even though it has a strong anti-disturbance ability. Therefore, we used the slope of the best fitting function between the vegetation index and chlorophyll content (defined as d(VI)/d(Chlorophyll content)) to measure the sensitivities of different indices to chlorophyll content. Finally, we found that TCARI/OSAVI was one of the best vegetation indices to estimate chlorophyll content at the leaf level. However, we have only considered three factors to evaluate the anti-disturbance ability of different vegetation indices, which is still far from enough because the canopy reflectance is affected by many factors. Therefore, we should account for more factors in the future. 相似文献
18.
植被和活动层水热关系是青藏高原冻土生态环境的重要组成部分,对气候变化和工程活动积极响应,是目前全球变化研究的热点之一.为了解植被差异对活动层水热过程的影响,以场地监测和植被调查数据为基础,分析了黄河源区高温高海拔多年冻土区同一地貌单元内局地条件相似而植被差异显著的3个场地活动层温度和水分变化.初步结果表明:植被盖度较低时,活动层水分含量也低,且含水量高值区趋于中下部;植被盖度较高时,冷季地气温差和温度位移都减小,暖季地气温差增大;随着植被盖度增大,冻融开始和结束时间明显滞后,冻融持续时间延长.初步揭示了黄河源区地表植被对活动层水分和温度的影响过程,对研究和保护高寒生态环境稳定具有重要意义. 相似文献
19.
Ying Cheng Hongyan Liu Hongya Wang Qian Hao Keqin Duan Zhibao Dong 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(1):99-108
Large amounts of carbon in alpine sediments have been expected to be sensitive to climate change, but how carbon accumulation responds to climate change remains unclear. Thus, we explored the impact of different factors on the carbon accumulation rate (CAR) of alpine sediments by combining a variety of climatic variables, vegetation data and erosion indicators based on two alpine sediment successions on Taibai Mountain, the highest peak in central and eastern mainland China. One succession is near the modern treeline (Paomaliang Swamp, PML) and the other is located at the upper forest line (Sanqing Chi, SQC, a small lake). We used our previously published organic carbon content data and for the first time calculated the CAR, and further used pollen and physicochemical indicators to quantify the contributions from climate, vegetation and soil. We found that their contributions varied during different periods and between the two sediment successions. For the PML succession, from 5850 to 4000 calendar years before present (cal. a BP), the CAR was low, which was related to low annual temperatures, low vegetation cover and strong soil erosion. From 4000 to 2400 cal. a BP, a high CAR coincided with high annual temperatures, high vegetation cover and weak soil erosion. From 2400 to 200 cal. a BP, the CAR decreased, mainly attributed to low vegetation cover. Local vegetation cover had major impacts on the CAR in the SQC succession during the Middle–Late Holocene. In general, the local factor interpretation rate in SQC (83%) was higher than that of PML (47%), related to the vegetation stability of continuous forest and the treeline. This study highlights the important role of the local environment in determining carbon accumulation in the alpine region. 相似文献
20.
冻融循环条件下生境基材中三种功能微生物数量变化规律研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为揭示高寒地区典型生境基材中功能微生物数量变化的规律,以黄棕壤土为试验土样,在两种初始含水率条件下,分别制备客土、植被混凝土以及加菌植被混凝土三种不同类型的生境基材进行冻融循环模拟试验,探讨生境基材类型、初始含水率和冻融循环次数对基材中功能微生物数量的影响。试验结果显示：三种基材中功能微生物数量均受冻融循环影响显著,且随冻融循环次数增加总体呈"下降~上升~下降"趋势;冻融循环过程中,三种基材中功能微生物总量存在显著性差异,排序为：加菌植被混凝土 > 植被混凝土 > 客土,且固氮、解钾微生物数量显著低于解磷微生物;含水率为22%的基材中功能微生物总量普遍高于含水率为18%的基材。研究结果表明,加菌植被混凝土的肥力、抗冻性相比客土和植被混凝土有一定程度提升,但仍需对现有功能菌剂配方加以改进,以适应高寒地区冻融环境。 相似文献