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不同类型烃源岩气态烃的生成特征研究——来自差热—色谱联机热模拟实验方法的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用差热—色谱联机分析仪对不同煤阶的标准煤样及泥岩和碳酸盐岩烃源岩的热模拟研究表明,低成熟的煤具有更强的放热反应和较大的失重量,其放热反应第一峰温度和失重温度相对较低。低煤阶煤在热模拟过程中比高煤阶煤具有更强的生烃能力。烃源岩气态烃的生成量和特征不仅受控于烃源岩中有机质的丰度而且与其岩石类型、干酪根类型、成熟度等存在着密切关系。成熟度较高的烃源岩属耗尽了的烃源岩,其生烃能力相对较弱。含Ⅰ、Ⅱ型干酪根烃源岩生成的气态烃中重组分含量普遍较高,含Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生成的气态烃中甲、乙烷等轻组分含量普遍较高。碳酸盐岩烃源岩在热模拟的高温阶段往往能生成比较大量的气态烃。 相似文献
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不同类型烃源岩气态烃的生成特征研究--来自差热-色谱联机热模拟实验方法的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用差热-色谱联机分析仪对不同煤阶的标准煤样及泥岩和碳酸盐岩烃源岩的热模拟研究表明,低成熟的煤具有更强的放热反应和较大的失重量,其放热反应第一峰温度和失重温度相对较低。低煤阶煤在热模拟过程中比高煤阶煤具有更强的生烃能力。烃源岩气态烃的生成量和特征不仅受控于烃源岩中有机质的丰度而且与其岩石类型、干酪根类型、成熟度等存在着密切关系。成熟度较高的烃源岩属耗尽了的烃源岩,其生烃能力相对较弱。含Ⅰ、Ⅱ型干酪根烃源岩生成的气态烃中重组分含量普遍较高,含Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生成的气态烃中甲、乙烷等轻组分含量普遍较高。碳酸盐岩烃源岩在热模拟的高温阶段往往能生成比较大量的气态烃。 相似文献
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东营凹陷沙四段是渤海湾盆地优质烃源岩层,具有丰富的油气资源。选取沙四段烃源岩,运用IH-Tmax图,进行了演化趋势分析。采用溶胀实验对烃源岩的留烃能力进行模拟研究,结合该地区的生烃特征和生烃过程,对沙四段留-排烃史进行了恢复。部分样品是由同一生烃母质演化而来的,而且随着成熟度不断增加,可以视为一自然演化剖面。留烃量模拟显示,随着成熟度的增加,溶胀比下降,留烃量随之降低,其中未成熟样品留烃能力最强。液态烃中各组分的留烃量也不同,饱和烃留烃量最低,最容易从烃源岩中排出,而NSOs留烃量最大。将留烃史与盆地生烃史结合,得到东营凹陷沙四段的整个留-排烃过程。建立了自然演化系列样品留烃量的实验与评价方法。 相似文献
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<正> 在实际勘探中,碳酸盐岩既可作为烃源岩,也可作为储集岩存在。确定碳酸盐岩中含有的烃类是原生的,还是从它处运移而来的,这在勘探实践中有着指导意义。为此目的,许怀先等用岩石热解分析方法做了大量研究工作。结果表明岩石中原油的热蒸发烃高峰温度和干酪根热解烃高峰温度具有显著差异:干酪根热解产烃高峰温度 T_(max)为400～600℃;原油热蒸发烃最高峰温度 T_(max)为300～400℃。由此可以区分原油的热蒸发烃和干酪根的热解烃,并进一步判定当最高热解峰温 T_(max)>400℃时,该岩石为烃源岩,而当T_(max)<400℃时,则为储集岩。对干酪根热解的进一步研究表明,不同成熟度的干酪根在不同的热降解温度范围内的产烃量是不同的。低成熟度的干酪根在450～600℃范围内所产生的烃占热解烃的5% 相似文献
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九十年代煤系烃源岩研究新进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
综述了９０年代煤系烃源岩研究取得新成果：未成熟－低成熟油气研究和勘探实践的成功突破了传统的干酪根热降解生烃理论,形态有机质分类体系更加完善,只有无定形体的分类仍有待进一步探讨,大量研究表明烃源岩的所有组分都有一定的生烃能力,但不同组分因其化学组成和结构不同而生烃能力相差悬殊,除了镜质体之外的其它有机组分的反射率（加沥青和动物碎屑体）和包裹体均一温度等多种方法均可用来确烃源岩成熟度,以有机岩石学研究为基础,应用组分组合概念划分的有机质类型,弥补了有机地球化学方法的局限性。 相似文献
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Pr/Ph比值一直作为重要的生物标志物参数,其不仅与生源、沉积环境条件有关,而且在一定程度上还受成熟度影响。本论文对取自南海珠江口盆地西部不同有机相的陆相烃源岩样品进行了生排烃热模拟实验,获取了不同温度点的可溶有机质（油）,结合对不同成熟度地质烃源岩样品抽提物的分析,较系统的研究了油/抽提物的Pr/Ph比值随着成熟度的变化规律。研究结果表明,在Ro为0.6%～1.8%阶段,中深湖相Ⅱ型和浅湖相-河沼相Ⅲ型烃源岩生成油的Pr/Ph比值随着成熟度的增高而降低,并且Ⅲ型烃源岩降低的幅度明显大于II型烃源岩,而到高成熟度阶段,两类烃源岩的Pr/Ph比值相近。应用Pr/Ph比值进行油-油对比、油-源对比、判识古沉积环境等,需要充分考虑成熟度对该比值的影响,尤其是对于含有陆相Ⅲ型烃源岩的沉积盆地,应结合其它地球化学参数综合对比分析。 相似文献
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苏单格庙气田煤系烃源岩生烃特征评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过热解法对苏里格庙气田煤系源岩的有机质丰度、生烃潜力及其有机质类型进行了研究。结果表明：苏里格庙气田太原组、本溪组以及山西组的煤和碳质泥岩为非烃源岩，大部分山西组煤系泥岩属于差-中等烃源岩，少部分为非烃源岩，太原组则为非烃源岩。源岩中有机碳含量和生烃潜量不受其成熟度的影响，且有机碳含量和生油潜量呈明显的正相关关系。苏里格庙气田太原组和本溪组源岩为Ⅲ型干酪根；山西组源岩中1个样品为Ⅱ：型干酪根，其余都为Ⅲ型干酪根。 相似文献
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瓦窑堡煤系有机岩石学特征及煤成烃潜力研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
瓦窑堡煤系是我国重要的含煤岩系之一,陆相生油的观点最早可能源于瓦窑堡煤系含油性特征。通过对瓦窑堡煤系煤和暗色泥岩有机质的显微岩石学和宏观煤岩学特征的分析,提出了瓦窑堡煤系煤主要形成于深覆水森林泥炭沼泽相,类脂组含量高,且镜质组的主要类型为富氢的基质镜质体,有机地球化学结果表明瓦窑堡煤系煤具有Ⅱ型有机质的特征,处于低熟-成熟阶段,热模拟实验证明其具有良好的油气生成潜力。但由于瓦窑堡煤系规模小,煤层厚度薄,煤系泥岩有机质类型偏差,且煤中主要生油显微组分尚末进入大量生油期,因此难以形成油藏。 相似文献
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Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments were used to investigate the petroleum composition and quality of petroleum generated from a Brazilian lacustrine source rock containing Type I kerogen with increasing thermal maturity. The tested sample was of Aptian age from the Araripe Basin (NE-Brazil). The temperatures (280–360 °C) and times (12–132 h) employed in the experiments simulated petroleum generation and expulsion (i.e., oil window) prior to secondary gas generation from the cracking of oil. Results show that similar to other oil prone source rocks, kerogen initially decomposes in part to a polar rich bitumen, which decomposes in part to hydrocarbon rich oil. These two overall reactions overlap with one another and have been recognized in oil shale retorting and natural petroleum generation. During bitumen decomposition to oil, some of the bitumen is converted to pyrobitumen, which results in an increase in the apparent kerogen (i.e., insoluble carbon) content with increasing maturation.The petroleum composition and its quality (i.e., API gravity, gas/oil ratio, C15+ fractions, alkane distribution, and sulfur content) are affected by thermal maturation within the oil window. API gravity, C15+ fractions and gas/oil ratios generated by HP are similar to those of natural petroleum considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. API gravity of the HP expelled oils shows a complex relationship with increasing thermal maturation that is most influenced by the expulsion of asphaltenes. C15+ fractions (i.e., saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) show that expelled oils and bitumen are compositionally separate organic phases with no overlap in composition. Gas/oil ratios (GOR) initially decrease from 508–131 m3/m3 during bitumen generation and remain essentially constant (81–84 m3/m3) to the end of oil generation. This constancy in GOR is different from the continuous increase through the oil window observed in anhydrous pyrolysis experiments. Alkane distributions of the HP expelled oils are similar to those of natural crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. Isoprenoid and n-alkane ratios (i.e., pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18) decrease with increasing thermal maturity as observed in natural crude oils. Pristane/phytane ratios remain constant with increasing thermal maturity through the oil window, with ratios being slightly higher in the expelled oils relative to those in the bitumen. Generated hydrocarbon gases are similar to natural gases associated with crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous, with the exception of elevated ethane contents. The general overall agreement in composition of natural and hydrous pyrolysis petroleum of lacustrine source rocks observed in this study supports the utility of HP to better characterize petroleum systems and the effects of maturation and expulsion on petroleum composition and quality. 相似文献
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海相烃源岩二次生烃潜力定量评价新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
烃源岩二次生烃的演化过程是残余干酪根热解演化与残留油热裂解转化两个既相互联系又完全不同的物理化学反应过程的叠加。本文利用自制高压釜热压生烃模拟实验装置,采取分阶段连续递进模拟实验方式,以海相烃源岩样品为例分别评价了残余干酪根的生烃潜力与残留可溶有机质转化油气潜力,建立了一套不同起始与终止成熟度海相烃源岩二次生烃潜力的定量评价方法,并首次明确提出了干酪根生油指数KIo、干酪根生气指数KIg、干酪根生烃指数KIh等评价烃源岩生烃潜力的参数,弥补了ROCK EVAL热解评价方法无法分别评价烃源岩在不同生烃演化阶段所生成的“油”或“烃气”潜力的不足。 相似文献
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Determination of thermal maturity and organic matter type by principal components analysis of the distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The thermal maturity and organofacies sensitivity of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) distributions was explored by examination of the aromatic fractions of solvent extracts from a diverse set of 53 shales, coals and kerogen macerals which have undergone either natural or artificial maturation and which represent all three principal sedimentary organic matter (OM) types. Systematic changes with maturation were observed in the following groups of isomers: tri- and tetramethylnaphthalenes, methyl- and dimethylphenanthrenes, methyl- and dimethyldibenzothiophenes, methylpyrenes, and methylchrysenes. The maturity differences were quantified by mathematical ratios of the relative concentrations of the more thermally stable isomers to the less stable, on the basis of theoretical considerations and empirical observations. The PAC maturity parameters, unlike those derived from saturated biomarker stereoisomers, are typically effective across the entire oil generation window. To compensate for the effects of OM type on the maturity parameters, they were combined using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component was in good agreement with independent indicators of maturity. The relative distributions of C0–C3 alkylphenanthrenes, dibenzothiophene, methyldibenzothiophenes and methyldibenzofurans were evaluated by a separate principal components analysis. The results permitted an independent grouping of the samples by OM type and suggested additional, simple molecular ratios that allow graphical recognition of OM type, including the ratio of dibenzothiophenes to dibenzofurans and a ratio using C2-alkylphenanthrene isomers. 相似文献
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Fariborz Goodarzi Thomas Gentzis Shimon Feinstein Lloyd Snowdon 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1988,10(4)
The variability in reflectance of huminite (texto-ulminite, eu-ulminite A and B, different types of corpohuminite) and liptinite groups of macerals in subbituminous coals was examined using reflected light microscopy. All macerals were selected from coal and interbedded carbonaceous shale and carbonate sediment samples from the 515-m-thick coal deposit No. 2 located in the Hat Creek valley of south-central British Columbia. The measurements obtained reveal that, in addition to burial depth, reflectance distribution depends on maceral subtypes and associated mineral matrix.Huminite in the coals and sediments (kerogen) consists mainly of humotelinite, with eu-ulminite B being the dominant maceral sub-type. Reflectance values determined on huminite in coals and Type IIIb kerogen increase from eu-ulminite A and phlobaphinite type 1 through eu-ulminite B and phlobaphinite type 2 to gelinite. The reflectance of all five huminite maceral subtypes studied increases with depth. However, the increase of phlobaphinite type 1 and gelinite reflectance with depth is irregular.A comparison of the reflectance values obtained for the same maceral subtype (eu-ulminite B) from the interbedded coal, shale and carbonate samples records consistent differences, implying some dependence of the reflectance (and perhaps rate of organic maturation) on the mineral matrix. Generally, the highest eu-ulminite B reflectance was recorded from carbonate rocks and the lowest from shale, whereas coal matrix produced intermediate values.At present, it is not known whether differences in reflectance of eu-ulminite found in the above lithologies are due to differential retention, efficiency of reaction products removal, thermal conductivity of the lithologies, or existence of a calcium carbonate catalyst. 相似文献
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煤岩组分化学结构随热演化变化与生烃性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用显微傅立叶红外光谱分析，研究了胜利油田附近的石炭系太原组煤烃源岩中主要生烃有机组分化学结构特征。结果表明，荧光镜质体富含芳烃结构和含氧有机结构，而树脂体和角质体富含脂肪烃结构，荧光镜质体和树脂体烷基烃碳链短或支化程度高。随热演化程度增高，荧光镜质体和树脂体红外光谱参数(CH2 CH)／C=C和CH2／CH3比值逐渐减小，而孢子体和角质体的这两个参数先增后减，反映出荧光镜质体与树脂体具早期生烃特点，而孢子体与角质体生烃演化具弱-强-弱特性，具生烃高峰期。 相似文献
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The petroleum generation potential and effective oil window of humic coals related to coal composition and age 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A worldwide data set of more than 500 humic coals from the major coal-forming geological periods has been used to analyse the evolution in the remaining (Hydrogen Index, HI) and total (Quality Index, QI) generation potentials with increasing thermal maturity and the ‘effective oil window’ (‘oil expulsion window’). All samples describe HI and QI bands that are broad at low maturities and that gradually narrow with increasing maturity. The oil generation potential is completely exhausted at a vitrinite reflectance of 2.0–2.2%Ro or Tmax of 500–510 °C. The initial large variation in the generation potential is related to the original depositional conditions, particularly the degree of marine influence and the formation of hydrogen-enriched vitrinite, as suggested by increased sulphur and hydrogen contents. During initial thermal maturation the HI increases to a maximum value, HImax. Similarly, QI increases to a maximum value, QImax. This increase in HI and QI is related to the formation of an additional generation potential in the coal structure. The decline in QI with further maturation is indicating onset of initial oil expulsion, which precedes efficient expulsion. Liquid petroleum generation from humic coals is thus a complex, three-phase process: (i) onset of petroleum generation, (ii) petroleum build-up in the coal, and (iii) initial oil expulsion followed by efficient oil expulsion (corresponding to the effective oil window). Efficient oil expulsion is indicated by a decline in the Bitumen Index (BI) when plotted against vitrinite reflectance or Tmax. This means that in humic coals the vitrinite reflectance or Tmax values at which onset of petroleum generation occurs cannot be used to establish the start of the effective oil window. The start of the effective oil window occurs within the vitrinite reflectance range 0.85–1.05%Ro or Tmax range 440–455 °C and the oil window extends to 1.5–2.0%Ro or 470–510 °C. For general use, an effective oil window is proposed to occur from 0.85 to 1.7%Ro or from 440 to 490 °C. Specific ranges for HImax and the effective oil window can be defined for Cenozoic, Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous coals. Cenozoic coals reach the highest HImax values (220–370 mg HC/g TOC), and for the most oil-prone Cenozoic coals the effective oil window may possibly range from 0.65 to 2.0%Ro or 430 to 510 °C. In contrast, the most oil-prone Jurassic, Permian and Carboniferous coals reach the expulsion threshold at a vitrinite reflectance of 0.85–0.9%Ro or Tmax of 440–445 °C. 相似文献
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Since the mid-1980s, Texaco has used the transmittance color index (TCI) of amorphous kerogen as an indicator of kerogen thermal maturation. The technique simply involves the direct measurement of a white-light spectrum as it is transmitted through a particle of amorphous organic matter (AOM). In brief, TCI values are obtained by the analysis of white light originating from a 100-W 6-V tungsten lamp attached to a photometric microscope. The assignment of particular TCI values is based on the increasing curvature of spectra with increasing maturity. TCI curves shift from an average wavelength around 580 nm for samples of immature, amorphous kerogen (i.e., material with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 0.20%) to about 660 nm for samples containing very dark brown to some black particulate material (i.e., kerogen with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 2.15%). The range of TCI values covers all zones of petroleum generation and preservation. In our opinion, TCI can provide as accurate a basis for maturation interpretations as is available from vitrinite reflectance (or from the mean random reflectance of some zooclasts, such as graptolites and chitinozoans), or the widely used visual estimate the thermal alteration index (TAI) or the similarly determined conodont color index (CAI). TCI is probably most useful, however, in those situations where the rocks to be examined have not yet reached the semianthricite coalification stage (≈2.0% vitrinite reflectance). 相似文献
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In recent years the widespread occurrence of microorganisms was demonstrated in deep marine and terrestrial sediments. With this discovery inevitably the question of the potential carbon and energy sources for this deep subsurface microbial life arises. In the current study a new method for the investigation of low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids linked to the kerogen matrix is presented. These LMW organic acids form a potential feedstock for deep microbial populations. Twelve coal samples of different maturity (vitrinite reflectance (R0) of 0.28–0.80%) from several coal mines on the North and South Island of New Zealand (NZ) were examined to assess the amount of bound LMW organic acids. Formate, acetate and oxalate were detected in significant amounts whereas the amounts of these compounds decrease with increasing maturity of the coal sample. This decrease of LMW organic acids mainly correlates to the phase of diagenetic alteration of the organic matter characterized by the release of oxygen containing compounds. Concomitantly, it coincides with temperature conditions assumed to be still compatible with microbial life in the deep subsurface. First assessments of the feedstock potential and generation rates of LMW organic acids indicate that the NZ coals investigated exhibit the potential to feed deep terrestrial microbial life with appropriate substrates over geological time spans. 相似文献