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1.
为了探究渤海湾盆地新生代沉降过程与西太平洋板块俯冲过程的对应关系,作者收集整理27口钻孔和1条地震地质
剖面数据,并运用回剥技术和应变速率反演方法,模拟出渤海湾盆地中北部裂陷期地壳应变速率变化,分离出裂后期异常
沉降。模拟获得裂陷期地壳应变速率曲线具有明显的三次大的波动,可指示三次构造沉降事件：裂陷Ⅰ幕（60~42 Ma）,对
应于渤海湾盆地孔店组-沙四段沉积过程,平均构造沉降速率为4.6 m/Ma;裂陷Ⅱ幕（42~36 Ma）,对应沙三段-沙二段沉
积过程,平均构造沉降速率为5.5~30.5 m/Ma;裂陷Ⅲ幕（36~24.6 Ma）,对应于沙一段-东营组沉积过程,平均构造沉降速
率为14.7~54.7 m/Ma。研究区内裂后期观测构造沉降与模拟的理论值存在明显的差异,即存在异常沉降。盆地北部异常沉
降值在100~200 m,中部渤海海域异常沉降值在500~700 m,裂后期异常沉降向海域增大。作者推测渤海湾盆地裂后异常沉
降主要是太平洋板块俯冲诱发的深部地幔物质流动导致向下拖拽力引起的。因此,渤海湾盆地中异常沉降可能是一种动力
沉降。 相似文献
2.
莺歌海盆地异常裂后沉降的动力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了理解莺歌海盆地形成与演化的动力过程, 用回剥法和应变速率反演方法对该区的钻井和地层剖面资料进行了研究.研究结果表明莺歌海盆地观测得到的裂后沉降和模拟预测的理论裂后沉降结果存在较大差异, 其中在西北部为300~500 m, 中部和东南部为900~1200 m, 其异常裂后沉降明显呈现向东南和向海方向递大的趋势.地幔对流模型预测的结果表明, 20 Ma以来南海北部边缘的动力地貌沉降量为300 m, 因此, 莺歌海盆地裂后异常沉降在300 m左右的地区可以用动力地貌沉降机理来解释, 但是盆地中部和东南部的巨厚的异常沉降远大于动力地貌沉降量, 它是自晚中新世以来盆缘断层的右旋走滑作用、裂后热回沉和动力地貌沉降共同作用的结果. 相似文献
3.
松辽盆地南部埋藏史 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
盆地沉降史和埋藏史分析是油气评价的重要组成部分,根据松辽盆地南部测井资料,在地层剥蚀量计算的基础上,开展了沉积速率、沉降速率和埋藏史研究。沉积速率和沉降速率模拟结果表明:沙河子组、营城组沉积速率和沉降速率最高,泉头组、明水组较高,而登娄库组、青山口组、姚家组、四方台组较低。埋藏史研究结果表明:沙河子组-营城组时期,具有快速沉降、快速沉积和快速埋藏特征;营城组末期遭受剥蚀,地层缺失和剥蚀自西向东有增大的趋势;登娄库组-明水组时期,埋藏史特征表现为较快速的沉降、沉积和埋藏;姚家组以下的地层保存相对完整,嫩江组上部-明水组地层剥蚀较大,东南隆起区基本缺失嫩江组三段-明水组;古近纪-新近纪,总体特征是缓慢抬升,之后缓慢下降、缓慢沉积、缓慢埋藏。 相似文献
4.
琼东南盆地构造沉降的时空分布及裂后期异常沉降机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为考察琼东南盆地构造沉降的时空分布及裂后期异常沉降机制,利用回剥技术计算了盆内68口井的构造沉降史,并选择15口代表井进行拉张应变速率反演及拉张因子计算。结果表明:琼东南盆地构造沉降空间上表现为中央凹陷带和南部凹陷带强于北部凹陷带;时间上在裂陷期出现局部快速沉降-整体慢速沉降—局部快速沉降的阶段特征,进入裂后期逐渐减缓并在15.5～10.5Ma期间减至最低值,但自10.5～5.5Ma以来又明显增大。裂后期异常沉降在盆地东西部都有明显表现,在北部凹陷带较小,在中央凹陷带内往东区有逐渐增大趋势;时间上裂后异常构造沉降随时间增大,增长过程具有快-慢-快的阶段性。分析认为:裂后阶段早期的快速沉降可能是裂陷期非均匀拉张的结果,而晚中新世以后的快速构造沉降主要与岩浆活动有关。 相似文献
5.
松辽盆地是我国白垩纪时期的一大水盆地,仅白垩纪的沉积物厚度竞达4000～500米。七十年代后期,由于能源开发的需求,曾对储集层(泉头组)沉积环境作过不同的分析;笔者曾在《松辽盆地东南部泉头组沉积环境分析》一文中曾论及泉头组为高密度河流沉积。1978年长春地院王东坡付教授曾有水下河流的认识。一年来,笔者深入研究第 相似文献
6.
三江盆地绥滨坳陷现有4口钻井的一维正、反演构造沉降模拟结果表明,绥滨坳陷显示出张裂盆地的特征,表现为120Ma之前张裂阶段和之后的裂后热沉降阶段。张裂阶段沉降速率大约为80.37m/Ma,沉降量达1300m,拉张因子大约为1.16。热沉降阶段的沉降速率降到了6.6m/Ma,沉降量也只有200m左右。 相似文献
7.
松辽盆地北部埋藏历史对大庆长垣油藏成藏的控制 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用890余口钻井资料,综合应用埋藏历史、盆地数值模拟、成藏年代学研究方法,查明了松辽盆地北部埋藏历史对大庆长垣油藏成藏过程的控制．松辽盆地北部普遍经历了3次沉降、2次抬升．青山口组到嫩江组、四方台组到明水组、新第三系泰康组到第四系沉积时期,构成3次沉降,其中以嫩江组沉积后期(嫩三～五段沉积时期)和明水组沉积时期沉积速率最大,分别达160m／Ma和180m／Mm而2次区域抬升分别发生于嫩江组沉积后和明水组沉积后,大庆长垣背斜构造主要是在这2次构造抬升过程中形成的．青山口组主力烃源岩具有漫长的生排油历史,而且生排烃过程与构造活动及圈闭增长过程在时间和数值上具有良好的匹配关系．在73Ma左右和65～40Ma之间为大庆长垣油藏的成藏高峰期．盆地沉降过程是油气生成量积累的过程,盆地抬升、构造定型阶段是油气排出和成藏高峰期． 相似文献
8.
介绍了瞬时均匀拉伸模型、挠曲悬臂梁模型和多幕伸展模型,特别强调各种模型的基本假设和适用条件,以及基于这些模型发展出的二维正反演模拟和一维应变速率模拟的方法。这些方法在计算岩石圈伸展系数和盆地张裂的过程中,具有一定的优越性。在盆地的数值模拟中,有时需要综合运用多种数值模型来突破单个模型假设条件的约束。为了研究南海北部白云凹陷的裂后沉降特点,分别应用二维正反演和一维应变速率正反演方法计算岩石圈的伸展系数,并计算理论热沉降,与实测裂后沉降进行对比。模拟结果表明,白云凹陷岩石圈的伸展系数大致呈钟形分布,在凹陷中心处最大,大约为3.5;凹陷的实测裂后沉降远大于理论值,即存在裂后异常沉降,裂后期的异常沉降总量在凹陷中心和南部在2km以上。 相似文献
9.
《海相油气地质》2021,26(3)
为探究珠江口盆地开平凹陷构造沉降特征以及主控因素,以2条地震剖面的最新解释成果为基础,在地震剖面上共选取43个虚拟井进行构造沉降史计算,并进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)开平凹陷裂陷期(49～30 Ma)构造沉降量较大,各洼陷构造沉降差异性较大;裂后期(30 Ma至今)构造沉降量相对较小,各洼陷构造沉降差异性较小;(2)开平凹陷文昌组沉积期(裂陷一幕,49～39 Ma)为最大构造沉降期,恩平组沉积期(裂陷二幕,39～30 Ma)构造沉降速率显著减小,漂移期(30～17.5 Ma)和新构造运动期(17.5 Ma之后)构造沉降量均出现了不同程度的增大;(3)差异性沉降是开平凹陷的一个基本特征,多期次构造运动和拆离断层分段性、差异性活动是主控因素。 相似文献
10.
世界上许多张性沉积盆地存在远大于McKenzie模型理论值的裂后异常沉降, 南海北部陆缘的沉积盆地也是如此; 确定裂后异常沉降的特征和分布是认识其成因机制和对油气成藏影响的前提.介绍了估算裂后异常沉降的3种方法: 古水深比较法、应变速率反演法和沉降过程二维正反演法, 并指出了各方法的应用前提和优缺点.对于由作者提出的后一种方法还结合在珠江口盆地的应用实例进行了较详细的讨论, 表明这种方法能在考虑岩石圈挠曲强度的基础上正演模拟出单幕或多幕盆地沉降及相应的岩石圈伸展系数, 从而计算出盆地理论热沉降, 与通过回剥反演得到的实测构造沉降进行对比; 还指出了该方法存在的问题和需进一步研究之处. 相似文献
11.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101377
Tectonic transition from a syn-rift stage to subsequent post-rift stage is an important mechanism in the evolution of extensional basins. The sedimentary infill records the crustal response to this process. We have obtained new detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf signatures from the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic successions encompassing the commonly accepted syn- to post-rift transition boundary, the T4 unconformity, in the Songliao Basin, NE China. These constrain the Songliao Basin’s evolution from its center to distal margins, providing insights into the sediment provenance and dispersal pattern over the tectonic transition. Analysis of zircons from the syn-rift (the Shahezi and Yingcheng formations) and immediate post-rift (the Lower and Middle Denglouku Formation) stages reveals Phanerozoic age populations with positive ?Hf(t) values, which were derived from the proximal juvenile mantle-derived melt origin bedrocks of the Songliao Block. In contrast, the overlying samples from the Upper Denglouku Formation deposited in the subsequent post-rift stage contain exotic and ancient zircon populations with ages of 2.5 Ga & 1.8 Ga and complex hafnium signatures, characteristic of a mixed origin. These are interpreted to be transported from distant cratonic terranes via larger drainage networks. It is obvious that the sediment dispersal pattern switched from being a local and hydrologically closed “intraregional” pattern to a “transcontinental” pattern during the transition. The time lag between the development of the T4 unconformity and the drainage reorganization also ensures a distinguishable ～3 Myr (106103 Ma, Late Albian) transition period of regional extent. During this transition stage, syn-rift faulting was replaced by post-rift thermal subsidence, exhibiting a uniform sag configuration. Our new findings are important for understanding other continental rift basins during syn- to post-rift transition, which often demonstrates a complex interaction between the linkage and integration of sub-basins, and the reorganization of fluvial drainages and catchment systems. 相似文献
12.
铜钵庙组是蒙古国塔木察格盆地早白垩世发生初始裂陷的记录。铜钵庙组沉积早期,受强烈起伏的基底地貌和同生正断层活动的双重控制,塔南凹陷主要发育扇三角洲相;铜钵庙组沉积晚期,断裂活动趋于平息,研究区发育扇三角洲相和湖相。笔者系统总结了塔南凹陷铜钵庙组的扇三角洲相和湖相沉积特征,分析了沉积相带的平面展布特征。铜钵庙组沉积时期塔南凹陷出现雏形,沉积中心多且相对孤立,至南屯组沉积时期因同生正断层的进一步活动而连接成北东向条带状延伸的沉降带,盆地向西扩大。 相似文献
13.
鸡西盆地是松辽盆地外围东部勘探的重要目标区之一。早白垩世发育有多套煤系地层, 且分布面积广, 储量丰富, 是重要的烃源岩。本文在研究鸡西盆地地质构造特征的基础上, 恢复了鸡D1井区沉降史。沉降史曲线反映出该盆地经历了早期的快速断陷沉降, 但其间发生过三次短期抬升与剥蚀。从下白垩统上部猴石沟组沉积开始, 盆地进入了相对稳定沉降时期。海浪组沉积之后, 本地区发生了较长时间(约28 Ma) 的抬升与剥蚀, 而这一时期是鸡西盆地演化史上一次主要的构造变动期, 是盆地基本构造格局的形成期。根据早期的强烈快速断陷阶段形成的煤系相关参数并运用蒙特卡罗法计算的煤层气资源量在0.1、0.5、0.9的概率下分别为81.7 ×1011 m3、5.36 ×1011 m3、2.41 ×1011 m3。 相似文献
14.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(4):101386
The Songliao Basin in Northeast Asia is the largest and longest-lived rift basin and preserves a near-continuous continental succession of the most of the Cretaceous period, providing great material to investigate the adaption of the terrestrial systems to the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and tectonic events. However, the paucity of precise and accurate radioisotopic ages from the Early Cretaceous strata of the Songliao Basin has greatly held back the temporal and causal correlation of the continental records to the global Early Cretaceous records. Three tuff layers intercalated in the Yingcheng Formation have been intercepted by the SK-2 borehole, which offer excellent materials for radioisotopic dating and calibration of the chronostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequence of Songliao Basin. Moreover, the Yingcheng Formation recorded the largest and the last of the two major volcanic events in Songliao Basin, which also represents a turning point in the basin evolution history of Songliao from syn-rift stage to post-rift stage. Here we report high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS technique on three tuff samples from the Yingcheng Formation of the SK-2 borehole in the Songliao Basin to construct a greatly improved, absolute age framework for the Yingcheng Formation and provide crucial age constraints for the Songliao Lower Cretaceous Strata. The new CA-ID-TIMS geochronology constrained the Yingcheng Formation at 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma to ca. 113 Ma, correlating to the Albian Stage. Combined with the previous published Songliao geochronology, the Quantou Formation is constrained to between 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma and 91.923 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the Denglouku Formation is constrained to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma; the age of the Shahezi Formation is estimated at ca. 113 Ma to ca. 118 Ma, which could extend to ca. 125 Ma in some locations in Songliao Basin. The major unconformity between the Yingcheng Formation and the Denglouku Formation, which represents the transition of the basin from syn-rift to post-rift is thus confined to between 102.571 + 0.320/?2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/?0.086 Ma. This is roughly contemporaneous with the change in the direction of the paleo-Pacific plate motion from west-southwest to north or northwest in mid-Cretaceous, suggesting their possible connections. 相似文献
15.
Basin analysis study of block 10 in the Say'un-Masilah Basin, Yemen, using a 1D backstripping method
Geohistory analysis was carried out on block 10 in the Say??un-Masilah Basin. The present study is based on the analysis of the well logs of six exploration wells. In the Middle Jurassic to the Middle Eocene, Say??un-Masilah Basin exhibited a complex subsidence history over a period of about 155?Ma. Backstripped subsidence curves are constructed by removing the effects of decompaction to the water column and sediment loads. In the Middle Jurassic, slow subsidence was driven under the effect of sediment load as Kuhlan and Shuqra Formations were deposited as pre-rift deposits. The average total subsidence value of the basement during the deposition of Shuqra Formation was 276?m. The highest subsidence rates during this time are observed northeast of the study area. Rapid subsidence initiated in the Upper Jurassic driven by mechanical extension of the rift, resulting in the deposition of Madbi and Safer Formations, or the so-called Syn-rift deposits. The average tectonic subsidence value of the basements during the deposition of Madbi Formation was 368?m. The highest subsidence rates during this time are observed southwest of the study area. Mechanical extension ceased at about 145?Ma, being replaced by a phase of post-rift subsidence, resulting in more widespread uniform sedimentation, with reduced tectonic subsidence rates forming post-rift deposits represented by Nayfa Formation, Sa??ar Formation, Biyad Formation, and Mahra Group. The total subsidence value of the basement during the deposition of the post-rift sediments increases gradually due to the increase of the sediment load as the rate of deposition was high especially northeast of the area. 相似文献
16.
Zhong-Xian Zhao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):223-235
Deep hot mantle upwelling is widely revealed around the Qiongdongnan Basin on the northwestern South China Sea margin.However,when and how it influenced the hyper-extended basin is unclear.To resolve these issues,a detailed analysis of the Cenozoic time-varying residual subsidence derived by subtracting the predicted subsidence from the backstripped subsidence was performed along a new seismic reflection line in the western Qiongdongnan Basin.For the first time,a method is proposed to cal-culate the time-varying strain rates constrained by the faults growth rates,on basis of which,the pre-dicted basement subsidence is obtained with a basin-and lithosphere-scale coupled finite extension model,and the backstripped subsidence is accurately recovered with a modified technique of backstrip-ping to eliminate the effects of later episodes of rifting on earlier sediment thickness.Results show no residual subsidence in 45-28.4 Ma.But after 28.4 Ma,negative residual subsidence occurred,reached and remained ca.-1000 m during 23-11.6 Ma,and reduced dramatically after 11.6 Ma.In the syn-rift period(45-23 Ma),the residual subsidence is ca.-1000 m,however in the post-rift period(23-0 Ma),it is positive of ca.300 to 1300 m increasing southeastwards.These results suggest that the syn-rift sub-sidence deficit commenced at 28.4 Ma,while the post-rift excess subsidence occurred after 11.6 Ma.Combined with previous studies,it is inferred that the opposite residual subsidence in the syn-and post-rift periods with similar large wavelengths(＞102 km)and km-scale amplitudes are the results of transient dynamic topography induced by deep mantle upwelling beneath the central QDNB,which started to influence the basin at ca.28.4 Ma,continued into the Middle Miocene,and decayed at ca.11.6 Ma.The initial mantle upwelling with significant dynamic uplift had precipitated considerable con-tinental extension and faulting in the Late Oligocene(28.4-23 Ma).After ca.11.6 Ma,strong mantle upwelling probably occurred beneath the Leizhou-Hainan area to form vast basaltic lava flow. 相似文献
17.
准噶尔盆地侏罗系西山窑组沉降中心的分布及其构造控制 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
以准噶尔盆地21条典型的地震剖面上的329个取数据点资料为基础,应用EBM盆地模拟系统,对侏罗系西山窑组地层进行了沉降史回剥分析。从回剥的结果来看,盆地的沉降速率在不同时期显示出显著的不均一变化,其中在西山窑二段地层沉积时期的沉降速率在盆地南缘平均为70~90m/Ma,北缘及腹部地区只有30m/Ma左右;在西山窑一段地层沉积时期,盆地南缘的沉降速率则达到了120m/Ma,北缘及腹部相比前一阶段则没有太大变化。由此可以确定玛湖凹陷、乌伦古坳陷和昌吉凹陷是盆地在西山窑组地层沉积时期的沉降中心,盆地南缘的昌吉凹陷则是最主要和最大的的沉降中心。进一步分析,这些沉降中心的形成明显受到了周缘山系逆冲推覆作用的构造负载和盆地基底构造的制约,使盆地形成了隆坳相间的古地貌格局。由于沉降中心是低位三角洲砂体发育的重要部位,从而为隐蔽油气藏的勘探提供了方向。 相似文献