共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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多孔介质污染物运移对于明晰地下水污染很重要,但在多孔介质中粒径变异系数(coefficientofvariation,COV)对内部微观孔隙结构中污染物运移过程影响的研究还存在不足.为此,基于随机算法,提出了一种不同COV且孔隙度一致的多孔介质几何模型构建方法,通过对Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程和对流-扩散方程(advection-diffusion equation,简称ADE)进行耦合求解得到多孔介质地下水流场及污染物浓度场,引入克里斯琴森均匀系数,定量评价流场流速分布的均匀性,基于MIM(mobile and immobile)模型和ADE模型分析耦合求解得到的穿透曲线特征.结果表明：随着粒径COV的增大,流场流速分布的不均性增强,MIM模型中的溶质流动区域占比β、无量纲传质率α*均增大;MIM模型拟合优度高于ADE模型,且随COV增大,ADE模型的拟合全局误差Ei逐步增大.总体上,粒径COV控制了溶质流动区域和非流动区域的大小及其之间的溶质交换强度,造成了多孔介质内部溶质运移的“非费克”行为,使得ADE模型的误差逐步增大,对于较大COV的多孔介... 相似文献
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拖尾分布是溶质运移规律研究的热点和难点。死端孔隙、透镜体等空间结构形成的非均质性以及密度变化产生的指状流会导致溶质运移拖尾分布。论文选择保守性溶质氯化钠作为示踪剂,采用砂柱实验系统地研究了以死端孔隙导致的非均质性以及由不同浓度和温度形成的变密度条件对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响。实验结果表明:死端孔隙的存在会延迟溶质运移穿透曲线出峰时间,降低峰值及出现拖尾分布,随着死端孔隙介质体积或数量的增加这一现象越明显;随着溶液浓度的增加拖尾现象越明显,且温度的升高会加剧这一现象。对比死端孔隙、温度和浓度三者对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响,其中影响最大的是死端孔隙,其次是浓度和温度。 相似文献
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为深入探究含水层中多孔介质的不规则形态和分布对于地下水流场及溶质运移的作用,根据沉积环境中已被发现的倾斜交叉分层地质单元结构,人为构造多孔介质双层交叉鱼骨结构,使其形成宏观各向异性水力传导特征,通过数值模拟研究该结构及其空间位置对于流场和溶质运移的影响。研究发现:宏观各向异性多孔介质引发了螺旋状流动,导致流线的拉伸和折叠,使得溶质羽发生不规则变形,显著提升了非反应性溶质的稀释程度;宏观各向异性结构和溶质羽在三维空间中的垂向相对位置对于溶质运移具有显著影响。 相似文献
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基于CFP的岩溶管道流溶质运移数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多重岩溶含水介质的复杂性导致岩溶地下水流动及溶质运移的数学模拟成为地下水研究难点之一。为了探讨岩溶多重含水介质中地下水流溶质运移特征,文章构建了管道流CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移三维耦合数值模型。在阐述管道流CFP和MT3DMS基本原理的基础上,通过建立水文地质概念模型算例（1个落水洞、4个直管道）,探讨岩溶管道水流及溶质运移规律,分析讨论不同水文地质参数对浓度穿透曲线的影响。研究结果表明:管道流CFP模型能够刻画岩溶管道与基岩裂隙水流交换特征,MT3DMS模型能够模拟穿透曲线的拖尾现象,符合实际岩溶区特征。随着水力梯度、管道直径及管道渗透系数增大,孔隙度减小,浓度曲线峰值越大,峰值到达时间越快,浓度穿透曲线越对称。得出结论:耦合CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移模型能够刻画岩溶管道流溶质运移规律,为研究岩溶复杂介质污染物运移特征提供一种思路和途径。 相似文献
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多孔介质的微观结构对可溶性污染物的运移具有重要影响。文章利用随机生长四参数生成法(Quartet Structure Generation Set, QSGS),构造具有各向异性孔隙结构的黏土多孔介质,且其固相颗粒具有随机性的粗糙表面。通过Stokes方程与对流扩散方程（ADE）耦合计算得到微观孔隙结构的非均匀水流场与浓度场。对黏土微观结构的非均匀水流场和浓度场进行分析,研究不同截面位置上水流分布情况,在脉冲注入的条件下讨论黏土微观结构对于可溶性污染物运移的影响。结果表明:具有随机性的黏土微观孔隙结构是导致水流场水流速度分布不均匀的主要因素;黏土中微小空隙或死端孔隙往往容易残留高浓度污染物,造成污染穿透曲线的“托尾”现象,也是污染后期的主要污染残留位置。 相似文献
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为了获取非饱和带水流过程的信息,借助流动电位正演模型,通过数值实验探讨非降雨和降雨两种条件下非饱和带流动电位和水流过程的关系,然后用南京中山植物园试验场地野外观测的流动电位和张力数据加以对比和验证。野外试验表明:流动电位可以有效地反映非饱和带水流过程。在夏季无降雨入渗的条件下,日周期变化的地表地下温度差导致水分的运动,流动电位准确地指示了非饱和带含水量和毛细压力的变化情况,从而指示出了水分运移的方向;在夏季有降雨入渗的条件下,降雨锋面推进之处,含水量和流动电位同时有明显的响应,进而根据不同位置的流动电位对降雨入渗响应的时刻差,直接求出入渗锋面的推进速度。 相似文献
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岩溶地下水系统单元网络数学模拟方法研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文提出的单元网络数学模拟方法,即用大单元块段及管道网络分别代表岩溶区相对均匀的裂隙化区域及非均匀分市的岩溶管道,地下水流动特征按渗流运动规津及管流运动规律分别表达,耦合求解。拟对难以用常规数学方法解决的复杂多重岩溶含水介质及其裂隙流与管道流并存、快速流与慢速流并存、线性流与非线性流并存以及非连续流等特殊水流规律的水文地质特性作定量评价。文中以北山矿迳流排泄区裂隙管道水系统为例,介绍了该方法的基本原理及处理线性流与非线性流并存水流运动规律的方法。 相似文献
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以基岩渗流方向与裂隙轴向呈45度角为例，探讨了当裂隙轴向与基岩水流斜交时，裂隙流的非达西程度对流场及溶质运移的影响.使用Comsol Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件构建了一个在中部包含水平单裂隙的正方形多孔介质模型，裂隙中的非达西流用Izbash方程去刻画，裂隙的上游基岩中存在持续的溶质源.随着裂隙水流的非达西程度逐渐增强，流场及污染物分布表现出如下特征:（1）裂隙中水流流速逐渐增大；流线在裂隙与基岩界面处的折射逐渐偏离折射定律；（2）裂隙水流的流向逐渐偏向基岩水流的渗流方向；（3）溶质羽宽度变宽但对称性逐渐降低；（4）溶质在水平方向上的浓度峰值逐渐降低，右侧浓度逐渐升高；（5）裂隙产生的回弥散对溶质运移作用逐渐增强，使裂隙中更多的溶质运移到了上层基岩中.总体而言，裂隙流的非达西程度对流场及污染物分布有着显著的影响. 相似文献
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探讨了土壤水非均匀流动特性和描述方法,通过染色示踪剂调查了三种试验尺度条件下非均匀流动模式,并采用随机层叠模型对不同实验尺度条件下非均匀流动模式进行了模拟。随机层叠模型中具有对数正态分布性质的随机层叠发生器被用来描述水流入渗过程,不同的方法被用于模型参数求解。试验观测和模拟计算结果均表明,尺度特性是非均匀流动的重要影响因素之一,准确的描述不同研究尺度下的非均匀流动特征,须同时考虑流动在水平和垂直方向的变异性。随着研究尺度的增加,流动的非均匀性变异程度更加明显。 相似文献
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Modeling preferential water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soil using the active region model 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Preferential flow and solute transport are common processes in the unsaturated soil, in which distributions of soil water
content and solute concentrations are often characterized as fractal patterns. An active region model (ARM) was recently proposed
to describe the preferential flow and transport patterns. In this study, ARM governing equations were derived to model the
preferential soil water flow and solute transport processes. To evaluate the ARM equations, dye infiltration experiments were
conducted, in which distributions of soil water content and Cl− concentration were measured. Predicted results using the ARM and the mobile–immobile region model (MIM) were compared with
the measured distributions of soil water content and Cl− concentration. Although both the ARM and the MIM are two-region models, they are fundamentally different in terms of treatments
of the flow region. The models were evaluated based on the modeling efficiency (ME). The MIM provided relatively poor prediction
results of the preferential flow and transport with negative ME values or positive ME values less than 0.4. On the contrary,
predicted distributions of soil water content and Cl− concentration using the ARM agreed reasonably well with the experimental data, with ME values higher than 0.8. The results
indicated that the ARM successfully captured the macroscopic behavior of preferential flow and solute transport in the unsaturated
soil. 相似文献
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The active region model (ARM) has been developed as a practical and effective approach for characterizing and representing
preferential flow patterns in unsaturated soils. However, studies on methods to determine the ARM parameter (γ) are very limited. The major objective of this work was to refine the methods for determining the ARM parameter (γ) using the data from field-scale dye staining experiments. For this purpose, 13 field-scale dye staining experiments were
conducted in silty clay, loam and sand with various initial and boundary conditions. The distributions of soil water content
and fraction of stained region were measured to determine the ARM parameter (γ). Three determination methods of ARM parameter (γ) were presented according to the different distribution patterns of the soil water content of stained region. The efficiency
of these approaches was demonstrated with the results from 13 field-scale dye staining tests that were directly related to
preferential flow patterns. Impacts of soil texture on soil water redistribution, and effects of initial soil water content
and infiltration amount on the preferential flow heterogeneity were also discussed in this research. 相似文献
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以模拟农田尺度降雨入渗—重分布条件下阿特拉津(atrazine)在非饱和土壤中的淋溶动态为数值算例,通过在北京东郊的一块27m×27m的农田采集100个土壤样品,测定其主要理化性质,间接计算获得各土壤样品的van Genuchten型水力学参数、溶质运移的弥散度及atrazine在土壤中吸附的分配系数,进而基于柱模型假设,运用HY DRUS 1D软件得到不同时刻采样区内土壤水负压和atrazine浓度的平均分布。在此基础上,重点探讨了应用幂平均算法计算不同的等价有效参数对农田尺度下土壤水负压和atrazine浓度平均分布的数值模拟精度的影响。就所设计的降雨入渗—重分布条件下atrazine淋溶的算例而言,土壤水力学参数、溶质运移参数和吸附特性参数取几何平均或调和平均作为有效参数值,空间平面上呈正态分布的土壤水负压的初值采用算术平均值作为流场模拟的初始条件,可以获得满意的数值模拟结果。 相似文献
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Numerical model and flume experiments of single- and two-layered hillslope flow related to slope failure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A hillslope flow model is developed considering 3D saturated and unsaturated flow of water during rainfall events. A finite difference-based numerical model of hillslope flow processes is developed. Four different experiments are done to see the effects of a single- and double-layered soil in pore-water pressure dynamics and slope failure. Results from the numerical model are verified with experimental results. The numerical and experimental values of the pore-water pressure and moisture contents are in good agreement. The results show that the hillslope heterogeneity caused by multiple layers of soil has greater influence on hillslope pore-pressure dynamics and slope failure patterns. The depth of slope failure shows high dependency on layering characteristics of the soil slope and pattern of rainfall. The proposed model provides a perspective on failure mechanism of a single- or double-layered slope under rainfall infiltration. 相似文献
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深入探究孔隙尺度下的流体流动特性和溶质运移规律对石油开采、农田养分管理、地下水污染修复有着重要意义。以人工构建的多孔介质结构和同步辐射X射线显微CT扫描的土壤团聚体(分辨率3.7μm)为研究对象,在空间节点数多达64 000 000的情况下,基于格子Boltzmann模型和GPU并行技术计算得到多孔介质流体运动和溶质运移过程的关键参数,并据此探究多孔介质空间异质性对水力学特性的影响。通过对3组不同结构的多孔介质比较发现,结构复杂程度最高的土壤样品和不规则堆叠的圆球结构的渗透率在100 mD(即10^-13m^2)量级,远低于规则堆叠的圆球结构(>20 000 mD);土壤的迂曲度为1.40~1.60,明显高于规则堆叠的圆球结构。研究结果表明,渗透率大的样品具有较小的迂曲度,这与结构的空间异质性有较强的关系;土壤的渗透率和迂曲度呈现各向异性;在水力梯度一定的前提下,渗透率较大的样品,纵向弥散系数也较大;同时,结构的异质性也会影响溶质的穿透曲线。本研究提出的模拟方法可在土壤结构中进行高效的水流运动和溶质运移模拟,可用于土壤多孔介质在孔隙尺度下的水力学特性研究。 相似文献
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Application of multiple-point geostatistics on modelling groundwater flow and transport in a cross-bedded aquifer (Belgium) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Sedimentological processes often result in complex three-dimensional subsurface heterogeneity of hydrogeological parameter values. Variogram-based stochastic approaches are often not able to describe heterogeneity in such complex geological environments. This work shows how multiple-point geostatistics can be applied in a realistic hydrogeological application to determine the impact of complex geological heterogeneity on groundwater flow and transport. The approach is applied to a real aquifer in Belgium that exhibits a complex sedimentary heterogeneity and anisotropy. A training image is constructed based on geological and hydrogeological field data. Multiple-point statistics are borrowed from this training image to simulate hydrofacies occurrence, while intrafacies permeability variability is simulated using conventional variogram-based geostatistical methods. The simulated hydraulic conductivity realizations are used as input to a groundwater flow and transport model to investigate the effect of small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity on contaminant plume migration. Results show that small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity has a significant effect on contaminant transport in the studied aquifer. The uncertainty on the spatial facies distribution and intrafacies hydraulic conductivity distribution results in a significant uncertainty on the calculated concentration distribution. Comparison with standard variogram-based techniques shows that multiple-point geostatistics allow better reproduction of irregularly shaped low-permeability clay drapes that influence solute transport. 相似文献
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土壤中优势流的几个基本问题研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
优势流是指土壤在整个入流边界上接受补给,但只通过少部分土体的快速运移,优势流是一种普遍存在的现象,而不是一种特例,它受许多因素的控制,如土壤中的大空隙,土壤结构,土壤质地,土壤水分含量,土壤初始水分含量,水和溶质的施加速率及溶质的施加方法等,优势流的产生机理主要有两种,一种是由土壤介质的非均质所驱动的优势流;另一种是湿润锋的不稳定性所驱动的优势流,目前优势流的监测方法主要取土壤原状土,实验室内的土 相似文献