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中国北方风沙沉积物气候代用指标对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在浑善达克沙地和巴丹吉林沙漠各选择近NS走向的大断面采集表层样品,用筛析法对样品进行粒度分析,用Eijkelkamp碳酸钙测定仪测定其碳酸钙含量。两地沙质沉积物的粒度参数对比结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠沙总体上比浑善达克沙地沙粗,分选性比浑善达克沙地沙好,同时在粒度分布频率曲线上表现出明显的双峰,这应与其地处冬夏季风交替地带、冬季风和夏季风搬运营力上的差别有关。巴丹吉林沙漠和浑善达克沙地沙质沉积物粒度参数上的差别反映了两地不同的风动力条件和下垫面性质。浑善达克沙地的沙粒较细在一定程度上也与该地区较湿润条件下的成土作用有关。气候差异应是导致两地沙质沉积物粒度参数区别的主导因素。碳酸钙测量结果说明,浑善达克沙地的碳酸钙含量明显低于巴丹吉林沙漠。巴丹吉林沙漠沙的碳酸钙含量从北往南呈增加趋势,与该地区年降水量的南北方向变化相一致。从对这两个地区沙质沉积物的碳酸钙含量对比中可以看出,即使在干旱背景下,当多年平均降雨量达到一定临界值时,地表碳酸钙含量将达到一最大值,随后则呈降低趋势 相似文献
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洱海沉积物粒度记录与气候干湿变迁 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
通过对洱海现代沉积物的精细采样,将放射性核素精确计年与沉积物粒度研究相结合,重建了 6 0 0多年来洱海区域气候的干湿变迁,为恢复百年尺度的气候干湿变化提供了一条新途径。研究结果表明,15世纪是洱海地区最为湿润的一个世纪;洱海区域存在 10 0a、2 0 0a两种时间尺度的气候干湿准周期波动;自 19世纪末以来洱海区域气候整体上向干旱化方向发展,目前正处于干旱期末期,预计气候将由干旱转向湿润。 相似文献
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1964,1975及1986年三个137CS时标计算出红枫湖和洱海沉积物平均堆积速率完全一致,说明1975年和1986年次级蓄积峰作为计年时标的可靠性。洱海沉积物平均堆积速率为0．047±0．002g／(cm2·a),与210Pb方法所获得的结果一致;红枫湖为0．17±0．01g／(cm2·a),与其建湖以来沉积物实际堆积的观察结果吻合。洱海1964年沉积物中137CS的比活度(校正到沉积年代)仅46．4Bq／kg,而红枫湖达145Bq／kg。由于红枫湖沉积物堆积速率约为洱海的3．7倍,所以其1964年层节沉积物中137CS蓄积量比洱海大11.5倍。红枫湖沉积物中137CS累计值的99．4％分配于1985年以前,而洱海的19．4％分配于1986年以后,显示出137CS在洱海沉积物中的较大扩散能力。 相似文献
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利用Mapgis的空间分析功能和多元统计分析等方法,对清江流域4 180个水系沉积物样品中重金属元素Cd质量分数与区域出露地层的对应关系进行了研究,并结合区内部分地层岩石样品Cd的质量分数特征来揭示清江流域水系沉积物中Cd的物质来源.研究结果表明,高Cd沉积物(>0.3 mg/kg)样品采样点主要分布于二叠系和三叠系等地层,二叠系和三叠系的贡献因子分别为2 318.40和2 230.36(mg·km2)/kg,占所有地层贡献因子的65%.水系沉积物Cd高质量分数主要受二叠系和三叠系岩层的控制,同时还受到Cd自身地球化学性质和铁锰等氧化物吸附作用的影响.高Cd沉积物(>0.3 mg/kg)的元素共生组合特征与黑色岩系的元素富集程度相关,清江流域水系沉积物中的Cd主要来源于黑色岩系.石煤风化土壤的流失和石煤矿点开采过程中尾渣、废水的排放可能是清江流域水系沉积物Cd的重要点污染源. 相似文献
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西峰晚更新世黄土剖面高分辨元素记录 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用仪器中子活化分析方法（ＩＮＡＡ）对西峰晚更新世黄土剖面８１个样品进行了测定，获取了３０个元素高分辨深度变化曲线，并与＾１０Ｂｅ变化曲线进行了对比研究，表明了一些元素与＾１０Ｂｅ相类似，也具有与深海沉积物ε＾１８Ｏ变化相关的深度变化规律，因而可作为气候环境变迁标志。 相似文献
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石笋是古气候重建的重要地质载体,文石与方解石是石笋碳酸钙晶体的常见矿物形态。根据现代洞穴监测数据分析洞穴新生碳酸钙沉积物 (Active Speleothem: AS)的矿物形态的研究较少。本文在重庆武隆芙蓉洞三个滴水点 (MP2、MP5、MP9)下放置玻璃片,收集新生碳酸钙沉积物和滴水样品,监测新生碳酸钙沉积物矿物形态、滴水的Mg/Ca比值、pH、滴率和洞穴环境等指标,分析玻璃片正面和反面新生碳酸钙沉积物的δ18O、δ13C和Mg/Ca比值。研究发现:(1) MP2滴水点下的玻璃片正反面新生碳酸钙沉积物的矿物形态均为方解石;MP5和MP9滴水点的正面沉积方解石和文石-方解石混合两种情况,反面沉积文石-方解石,且反面文石多于正面。 (2) MP2滴水Mg/Ca比值小于MP5和MP9,说明滴水Mg/Ca比值是影响新生碳酸钙沉积物矿物形态的重要因素;而滴水pH值对AS矿物形态的影响在不同滴水点有差异。(3) 不论是玻璃片正面还是反面,文石-方解石混合的新生碳酸钙沉积物δ18O和δ13C比以方解石为主的沉积物偏正,说明AS矿物形态的变化会导致δ18O和δ13C发生变化。通过在芙蓉洞的系统监测和分析,发现新生碳酸钙沉积物的矿物形态与地表环境、洞穴上部岩溶水文地质条件密切相关,并验证了洞穴新生碳酸钙沉积物的矿物形态对石笋δ18O和δ13C具有重要影响。 相似文献
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137Cs和210Pbex是湖泊沉积物断代常用的两种核素,沉积物中核素的深度分布,不但随核素的大气沉降量变化,也与流域环境变化和沉积后核素的再分布有关.我国环境复杂,人类活动强烈,137Cs和210Pbex深度分布的非理想曲线常见于我国一些湖泊的沉积物.本文简要介绍了湖泊沉积物137Cs和210Pbex深度分布理想曲线和断代基本原理,在参阅大量有关中国湖泊沉积物137Cs和210Pbex断代文献的基础上,讨论了137Cs和210Pbex非理想深度分布曲线的解泽和沉积物断代的几个常见问题.主要观点如下:1)我国湖泊沉积物不存在所谓的1974年和1986年蓄积峰;2)一些湖泊沉积出现的非单峰型137Cs深度分布曲线,可能与人类活动或湖流扰动湖泊底泥、流域侵蚀产沙环境变化和137Cs主要来源于冰川融水补给等因素有关;3)沉积物中的核素垂向运移,不改变剖面中1963年137Cs蓄积峰的位置,不影响其断代标志意义;4)流域环境突发事件引起的沉积剖面中的137Cs和210Pbex明显异常,是断代的可靠标志等.最后介绍了根据沉积剖面137Cs和210Pbex总量与本底值对比,求算沉积速率的核素质量平衡法. 相似文献
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湖泊沉积,特别是内陆高山封闭湖泊沉积是古气候研究的重要载体,可以高分辨率、敏感地记录连续的古气候环境变化。选取祁连山中段天鹅湖沉积岩芯TEB孔的10个陆生植物残体进行AMS 14C测年并建立年代框架,结合对总有机碳（TOC）含量、矿物成分及元素相对含量等指标的分析结果,重建了天鹅湖3 500年来的沉积环境变化特征。初步研究结果表明:碳酸盐含量变化主要受控于地下水补给量的变化,进而反映区域降水量,1 534 BC~1 300 AD期间,天鹅湖区降水呈减少的趋势,尤其是中世纪暖期（720~1 300 AD）,是3 500年来最干旱的时期;小冰期开始于1 300 AD,共出现三次降水较多的时期,1 600~1 730 AD为小冰期最盛期。受西风环流影响,天鹅湖沉积记录了该区域中世纪暖期相对暖干,而小冰期较为冷湿的变化特征。同时,该湖记录的小冰期气候相比于中世纪暖期更不稳定。 相似文献
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兹格塘错是一个内陆封闭型湖泊,位于藏北高原腹地,处于西南季风作用边缘地带。由于流域内无冰川分布,湖泊补给主要靠大气降水,因此水体的扩张与收缩能够直接反映西南季风的变化。半干旱气候地区湖泊沉积物碳酸盐含量能够敏感地反映水体的扩张与收缩。兹格塘错沉积物碳酸盐含量高,与可溶盐(氯离子与硫酸根离子)含量变化结合能更好地揭示水体的演化阶段。分析结果表明,在9.3～8.9calkaBP、8.3～7.8calkaBP、5.0～4.7calkaBP、4.0～3.8calkaBP和3.1～2.7calkaBP碳酸盐含量出现大幅度下降,指示湖泊淡化、水位升高。但在3.8calkaBP左右碳酸盐含量和可溶盐(氯离子与硫酸根离子)含量同时出现峰值,指示出湖泊水体盐度升高、水位出现下降;近1calkaBP以来,碳酸盐与可溶盐含量都呈现逐渐下降趋势,表明湖泊水体逐渐淡化、水位缓慢上升的过程。但近100a来可溶盐含量上升,指示出湖泊水体的不断浓缩和水位下降过程,这和近百年的气候暖干化过程是一致的。兹格塘错沉积岩心碳酸盐含量全新世以来5次极低事件,有力地证明青藏高原西南季风在全新世期间的不稳定性。 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物色度在短尺度古气候研究中的应用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在ODP对大西洋海洋沉积物的研究中,色度作为最直观和简便的指标被普遍用于反映千年尺度的气候环境变化。能否用湖泊沉积物色度反映短时间尺度的气候环境变化？利用CIE／L a b表色系,通过青藏高原可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物的 L、a和 b值与有关地球化学指标的统计相关关系分析,对湖泊色度指标在短尺度古气候研究中的意义进行了探讨,并据此分析了 1440年以来苟仁错地区的古气候演变。研究表明,L值（亮度）与沉积物
碳酸盐含量正相关,L高时,气候冷干,碳酸盐含量较高;反之,气温上升,湿度增加;a值（红-绿彩度）与沉积物中Mg含量相关,高 a值对应于沉积物中高MgO含量和高Mg／Ca比值,反映气温较高;b（黄-蓝彩度）值与三价铁的含量相关,较高的 b值代表了湖泊处于较强的氧化条件下,因此 b值可以用于反映湖水深度变化,反映有效湿度的变化,b值高,湖水浅,氧化作用增强;苟仁错沉积物 a值和 b值曲线镜像对称进一步反映了冷干-暖湿的气候组合特征。根据沉积物的色度意义,判断苟仁错地区自 1430年进入小冰期,至1890年结束。近40年来气候变化与邻近气象站的器测相吻合。 相似文献
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Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kandasamy Selvaraj Bao Zhi Lin Jiann‐Yuh Lou Wei Lan Xia Xiang Tong Huang Chen‐Tung A. Chen 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(1):165-179
Reconstruction of modern climate and environmental changes in east Asia using inland natural climate archives can provide valuable insights on decadal–multidecadal climate and environmental patterns that are probably related to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Here we investigated an 89‐cm‐long sediment core (TH1) from Tian Lake, southeastern China, for sedimentological, physical and geochemical parameters in order to understand climate and environmental changes for the latest two centuries. 137Cs‐ and 210Pb‐based age models show that the fine sand–coarse silt‐dominated core contains ~170 years (c. AD 1842–2011) of continuous sedimentation. Sediments with fine sands, low MS values, high water content, high TOC content and a high C:N ratio from c. AD 1842 to 1897 suggest intense hydrological conditions and strong runoff in the catchment, probably because of a humid climate. From AD 1897 to 1990, sediments with very fine sand and coarse silt, high MS values, low water content and unchanged TOC and C:N ratios indicate normal hydrological conditions and in‐lake algae‐derived organic matter. During this interval, the chemical weathering indicators show stronger weathering conditions compared with sediments deposited during AD 1842–1897, supporting the dominance of weathered surface soil input in the earlier interval and physical erosion dominance in the later period, respectively. Since AD 1990, the continuous decrease of geochemical proxies suggests human‐interacted Earth surface processes in the catchment of Tian Lake. A PCA revealed four dominant geochemical controlling factors – detrital input, trophic status, grain size and early diagenesis –, accounting for 26, 20, 18 and 16% of total variance, respectively. This study for the first time provides lacustrine geochemical evidence for the most recent two centuries of climate and environmental changes in coastal southeastern China, a region that is currently undergoing an inversion of critical zone, i.e. an overturning of its soil profile, owing to swift modernization. 相似文献
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我国南方岩溶区和北方黄土区的大气CO2效应 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
我国南方岩溶区与北方黄土区都是巨大的碳库。碳酸盐的溶蚀及再结晶是两个碳库与大气ＣＯ２交换的重要过程;碳的区域平衡是评价化学风化消耗或逸散ＣＯ２的基础,岩溶区与黄土区在地球化学风化的环境背景。溶蚀过程,产物运移和归宿等差异很大。黄土区化学风化消耗大气ＣＯ２通量较岩溶区小。目前评价两类地区土壤与大气ＣＯ２的源汇关系尚不成熟,需要定量认识土壤ＣＯ２与下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀或与下伏黄土次生碳酸盐化作用。岩溶区湖 相似文献
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Sediment particle size distribution and its environmental significance in Lake Erhai, Yunnan Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A closed or semi-closed plateau lake, whose sediment records can provide us with plenty of fine and high resolution information,
is a sensitive indicator of climatic and environmental changes. During the reconstruction of various short-time-scale climatic
and environmental changes, the geochemical records in plateau-lake sediments are superior to other natural files. Based on
fine dissection of the vertical profile of sediment particle sizes, this paper reveals the quasi-periodical changes of sediment
particle sizes, which indicates the quasi-periodical fluctuations of the regional climate. A synthetic analysis of multiple
indexes shows that sediment particle size is a more sensitive and more effective index of climatic and environmental changes
than other geochemical indexes. High content of >20μm sediment particles and low content of 2–10μm sediment particles indicate a warm-dry climate and conversely a cold-humid climate, and their ratio can be used as an effective
index of climatic changes. The basic climate succession in the region of Lake Erhai is characterized as being alternatively
warm-dry and cold-humid and it has been developing into a warm-dry climate as a whole. There exist at least 2 time-scale quasi-periodical
fluctuations of the regional climate in Lake Erhai. At present, the region of Lake Erhai is at the end of the warm-dry period
and at the beginning of a cold-humid period, so the temperature will go down and the water level will rise.
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 49894170, 49773207). 相似文献
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云南洱海沉积物粒度组成及其环境意义辨识 总被引：40，自引：2，他引：38
高原封闭,半封闭湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器,其沉积物记录具有连续性,敏感性和高分辩率的特点,在恢复和重塑各种短时间凡度的气候和环境演化序列上,具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势。 相似文献
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Paleolimnological techniques were used to identify environmental changes in and around Lake Dudinghausen (northern Germany) over the past 4800 yr. Diatom-inferred total phosphorus (DI-TP) changes identify four phases of high nutrient levels (2600-2200 BC, 1050-700 BC, 500 BC-AD 100 and AD 1850-1970). During these high DI-TP phases, fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and archaeological records indicate human activities in the lake catchment. Although the same paleo-indicators suggest increased human settlement and agriculture activity during the late Slavonic Age, the Medieval Time and the Modern Time (AD 1000-1850), DI-TP levels were low during this period. In the sediments, iron and total phosphorus were high from ∼AD 100 to 1850, likely due to increased inflow of iron-rich groundwater into the lake. Increased iron input would have lead to a simultaneous binding and precipitation of phosphate in the upper sediment and overlying water column. As a result, anthropogenic impact on Lake Dudinghausen was masked by these phosphorus-controlling processes from AD 1000 to 1850 and was not evident by means of DI-TP. In accordance with fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and limited archaeological records, DI-TP levels were low from AD 100-1000. Groundwater levels likely rose during this period as the climate gradually changed toward colder and/or moister conditions. Such climate change likely led to reduced settlement activities and forest regeneration in the catchment area. Our results are concordant with similar studies from central Europe which indicate rapid decreasing settlement activities from AD 100 to 1000. 相似文献
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As one of the lakes on the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Lake Chenghai, which is a typical closed lake with the precipitation accounting
for one-third or more of the annual water input, has a high total salinity (almost like a saline lake). The inorganic C, O
isotopic composition of lake sediments bears much sensitive information about environmental change in the catchment, while
their correlations revealed the hydrological conditions under which the lake was closed. Their compositional variations are
controlled by temperature, precipitation, photosynthesis, dissolving equilibrium of the carbonate system and hydrological
condition. According to our research on inorganic C, O isotopic composition of Lake Chenghai sediments, we investigated the
environmental change of this catchment several decades ago. The results showed that Lake Chenghai has kept good hydrological
closing conditions in the past several decades, as indicated by the good correlation of inorganic C, O isotopic composition
of sediments; and that the environmental change in this catchment shows a tendency of periodical evolution on a 10−11-years scale, although the signal noise is relatively high at the bottom of the sediment core. And we also can extend C, O
isotopes, a sensitive environmental indicator, to nearly saline lake environments with a high degree of mineralization. 相似文献