共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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激光全息干涉法研究混凝土的损伤演化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将实时激光全息于涉试验系统与静态承压装置相结合，在单轴连续静态荷载作用下分别对不同混凝土试块连续进行激光实时全息于涉试验动态观测，同时测量受压混凝土的应力应变关系曲线，通过数码摄像机将全息于涉条纹图传输至计算机，获取实时全息于涉条纹图。根据于涉条纹的分布规律及其路径，直观地再现了混凝土的损伤演化过程，描述了混凝土构件的损伤演化断裂特征。为混凝土结构损伤分析与诊断的深入研究探索出了有效的试验方法。 相似文献
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试验研究了相同配合比下素混凝土、层布式钢纤维混凝土和层布式混杂纤维混凝土弯拉性能，采集三者试件荷载-挠度曲线和90天龄期的极限荷载，并对比三者的28天龄期及90天龄期的弯拉强度，分析其弯拉强度增强机理，得出由于聚丙烯腈纤维和钢纤维的双重阻裂效应，使层布式混杂纤维混凝土的弯拉强度比素混凝土和层布式钢纤维混凝土的弯拉强度更高。 相似文献
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介绍了预应力轨枕生产工艺，分析了预应力轨枕在工作时的受力状况，对预应力轨枕进行了疲劳试验，对试验结果进行了分析，基于试验研究的结论，提出了在预应力轨枕中掺入体积率为1％的钢纤维作为改进的设计方案，并对改进的轨枕进行了试验研究，试验研究证明因钢纤维自身阻裂效应及其与预应力阻裂能力的复合，大幅度地减少了在疲劳荷载作用下轨枕的加载最大裂宽和裂高，剩余最大裂宽和裂高，由此可见，预应力钢纤维高强度混凝土轨枕比原轨枕的性能要高。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(6)
用大直径分离式霍普金森压杆冲击砂岩的压缩单裂纹圆孔板,成功地监测到Ⅰ型动态断裂的全过程。实验中由裂纹扩展计分别纪录了动态起裂、扩展、止裂、和再起裂时刻,采用分形裂纹扩展模型分析曲折裂纹的扩展速度,最后用实验-数值-解析法确定砂岩的动态起裂韧度、动态扩展韧度、动态止裂韧度以及二次动态起裂韧度。动态断裂全过程的实验结果表明:裂纹扩展路径为不规则曲线,此时裂纹动态扩展速度表征的普适函数值会比假设裂纹路径为直线时小;利用分形模型得到更加接近真实的动态扩展韧度;砂岩的动态起裂韧度大于动态止裂韧度;由于初次动态起裂时的裂纹实为人工切槽,而二次动态起裂时为天然形成的裂纹因而非常尖锐,初次动态起裂韧度略大于二次动态起裂韧度。 相似文献
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利用新型数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,采用有机玻璃板试件进行模型试验,研究了含预制不同形状空孔对岩石定向断裂控制爆破的影响规律。试验结果表明：在定向断裂控制爆破中,设置菱形空孔更有利于实现精细化定向断裂控制爆破,可有效保证巷道周边眼爆破的成型效果;对比含3种不同形状空孔试件爆生主裂纹扩展速度可知,含菱形空孔的扩展速度最大,含圆形空孔的次之,含带刻槽圆形空孔的最低;含圆形空孔试件爆生主裂纹端部动态应力强度因子总体比含菱形和切槽圆形空孔试件爆生主裂纹端部动态应力强度因子大;主裂纹扩展中后期阶段,含菱形空孔试件爆生主裂纹端部动态应力强度因子相对较小。 相似文献
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冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以自行研制的可调速落锤冲击试验机进行加载,通过高速相机搭建数据采集系统,采用数字散斑相关方法作为试验的观测方法,开展5组不同预制裂纹长度的花岗岩试件在冲击载荷作用下的动态断裂试验。并对岩石I型裂纹在冲击载荷作用下的位移场演化、裂纹动态断裂的裂尖张开位移、裂纹尖端的扩展历史、动态断裂的应力强度因子进行了定量研究。试验结果表明：对于单一试件而言,在落锤开始与岩石试件的边界接触到试件的预制裂纹开始扩展整个过程中,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KI呈递增趋势,KII与KI相比,相差1～2个数量级。对于不同预制裂纹试件,在落锤冲击加载作用下,总体表现为一定的预制裂纹长度范围内,随着预制裂纹的长度增加,裂纹尖端应力强度因子呈增加的趋势。 相似文献
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采用中心裂纹圆盘-霍普金森压杆(CCCD-SHPB)试验系统对大理岩中心裂纹圆盘试件进行不同加载速率下的纯Ⅰ型加载试验,研究岩石材料动态断裂韧性的加载速率相关性。考虑到试验中所使用的圆盘试件是带有中心切口的非理想裂纹,结合试件的实际加工情况,提出采用切口尖端形状为小圆弧形的预制裂纹,介绍了试件的制作方法,并利用有限元计算论证了采用这种形状非理想裂纹试件的试验可行性。结果表明,采用圆弧形裂尖、裂纹宽度为1 mm的中心切口非理想裂纹圆盘试件来代替理想裂纹圆盘试件是可行的,误差不超过2.13%。分析试验数据得出：非理想裂纹圆盘试件在纯Ⅰ型加载条件下,其断裂韧度表现出明显的速率相关性,且随着加载速率的增大而增大。 相似文献
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非连续面发育是非常规油气储层的显著地质特征之一,水力裂缝能否穿越非连续面扩展会关系到压裂的改造效果。为研究水力裂缝穿越非连续面扩展时断裂过程区（fracture process zone,简称FPZ）发育特征,采用自主设计的可视化压裂试验装置对含预制摩擦界面的砂岩平板试件开展水力压裂试验。基于数字图像相关法实时监测了水力裂缝正交穿越界面扩展过程中的位移及应变场特征。试验结果表明,水力裂缝穿越界面扩展之前,断裂过程区已经开始跨越界面发育;裂缝能否穿越界面扩展在FPZ的初始发育阶段已经注定,不受FPZ内应力软化过程影响。基于Renshaw-Pollard准则建立了考虑FPZ边界范围的裂缝穿越非连续面扩展准则,并通过前人及文中试验数据进行了可靠性验证。相比而言,改进准则更准确地考虑了裂缝前端线弹性断裂力学的适用范围。研究发现FPZ长宽比对裂缝穿越界面扩展准则有显著影响,相同条件下,FPZ长宽比越大,裂缝正交穿越界面扩展所需要的摩擦系数下限值越小。 相似文献
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The paper presents a solution for calculation of the surface uplift field of a semi-infinite elastic solid embedded with a pressurized elliptical crack oriented at any angle, and at any depth. The results presented are those for a uniform pressure loading on the crack face, simulating a static pressurized hydraulic fracture, but the mathematical technique developed can be extended directly to non-uniform normal loads or general shear loads in the form of a polynomial up to the third order. The result of a special case of the new solution, where the crack is penny shaped and parallel to the free surface, is compared with results from Sun's solution and from experiments which were designed and performed by the authors. The experiments involved pressurization of a penny-shaped crack in a polyurethane material which is linear elastic under low stresses, and measurement of surface deformation by holographic interferometry and Fizeau interferometry. The correspondence between theory and experiment is excellent. 相似文献
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Summary The Fracture process zone in compact tension specimens of Indiana limestone was investigated to study its effect on the fracture mechanics parameters in such materials. Specimens were tested up to the peak load, and propagation of the crack from a preexisting notch was monitored. Experiments were designed to study the two features of the fracture process zone in rocks: ligament connections and microcracking.To observe this zone with high sensitivity and accuracy, laser interferometry methods were adopted. Holographic Interferometry was used to observe initial crack propagation. To obtain more quantitative measurements of the displacement field, in realtime, the recently developed technique of electronic speckle pattern interferometry was applied. This technique can provide continuous video recording of the interferometric fringe pattern, depict the evolution of the fracture process, and measure profiles of crack opening displacements.The macroscopic observations of full-field displacement by the laser techniques were supplemented by post mortem observation of the fracture region under a scanning electron microscope. Regions around the crack were studied after the test for possible presence of microcracks.An interactive finite element code was used to compute the stress intensity factors of the propagating crack-tip and displacements. Finite element computations were used to evaluate the effect of the process zone on crack propagation. 相似文献
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为从根本上解决常规钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道因运行期的裂缝过宽而带来的结构耐久性问题,采取将常规混凝土改性为高性能的钢纤维混凝土或钢纤维自应力混凝土的方法。以某水电站全背坝面管为原型,以1：10缩尺制作了钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道模型和钢衬钢筋钢纤维自应力混凝土压力管道模型。试验结果表明,改性为钢纤维混凝土的压力管道表现出很好的限裂能力,其初裂荷载有一定的提高,管道裂缝宽度显著下降;改性为钢纤维自应力混凝土的压力管道表现出很好的抗裂能力,管道的初裂荷载有了大幅度的提高,钢材的性能也得到了较充分的利用。模型试验的结果显示了改性钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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根据断裂动力学理论及弹性P波与裂缝相互作用的分析,利用混凝土的动态断裂韧度,研究了大体积混凝土深层或贯穿裂缝在爆炸应力波P波作用下的扩展,得到了含裂缝混凝土的安全质点振动速度,并讨论了P波频率及其入射角对安全质点振动速度的影响。结果表明,频率越低、入射角越大的应力波对混凝土裂缝的扩展作用越大,频率为10 Hz垂直入射条件下,混凝土裂缝不扩展的安全质点振动速度仅为0.95 cm/s,与水利水电工程施工组织设计手册中规定的混凝土重力坝、混凝土闸墩等大体积混凝土结构的安全振速5 cm/s有较大差距,含裂缝混凝土更加容易被破坏。 相似文献
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Concrete cracking in reinforced concrete structures is governed by two mechanisms: the activation of bond forces at the steel–concrete interface and the bridge effects of the reinforcement crossing a macro‐crack. The computational modelling of these two mechanisms, acting at different scales, is the main objective of this paper. The starting point is the analysis of the micro‐mechanisms, leading to an appropriate choice of (measurable) state variables describing the energy state in the surface systems: on the one side the relative displacement between the steel and the concrete, modelling the bond activation; on the other hand, the crack opening governing the bridge effects. These displacement jumps are implemented in the constitutive model using thermodynamics of surfaces of discontinuity. On the computational side, the constitutive model is implemented in a discrete crack approach. A truss element with slip degrees of freedom is developed. This degree of freedom represents the relative displacement due to bond activation. In turn, the bridge effect is numerically taken into account by modifying the post‐cracking behaviour of the contact elements representing discrete concrete cracks crossed by a rebar. First simulation results obtained with this model show a good agreement in crack pattern and steel stress distribution with micro‐mechanical results and experimental results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Holographic interferometry has been applied in various fields of science and engineering. One of the most important functions of the technique is the capability of measuring displacement of any surface with a high accuracy without emplacing any gauges. In this study, the real-time technique of holographic interferometry was utilized as a new creep-testing method of rock and coal. Shale, sandstone and coal specimens were collected from the Alabama coal mines, and they were tested on a specially designed three-point loading apparatus. The results showed that the relationship of creep deflection vs. time generally followed the classical form of creep, and it varied according to physical conditions of the rock and coal specimens. This study proved that the new method can be successfully applied to the study of time-dependent behaviour of rock and coal with a high resolution and a low cost. 相似文献
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In this study, three‐point bending tests were carried out on notched beams to investigate mode I crack propagation in plain concrete under fatigue. The first part of the study focused on microscopic observations of the crack growth features. Microscopic observations were made using the replica method associated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations of fatigue crack growth both on the surface and inside the specimens are presented as a comparison between the observed crack lengths and those estimated by the compliance calibration method. In the second part, a finite element model of mode I crack propagation under fatigue is presented. According to the cohesive crack concept, a cohesive force distribution on the crack at various loading stages is assumed, according to both the stress‐crack opening relation worked out by Hordijk (1991; Thesis, Technische Universiteit) and a new proposed relation with hysteresis loop. Finite element computation is used to evaluate the crack extension in the bending beams. Numerical predictions are discussed in comparison with experimental results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献