共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
城市生活垃圾填埋场地基沉降和垃圾堆体沉降受到的影响因素多,现行规范的计算方法直接采用与实际相差较大,为减少不均匀沉降对垃圾防渗层的影响、准确确定垃圾储量和保证垃圾堆体的稳定,开展垃圾填埋场沉降研究具有重要意义。垃圾填埋场沉降变形包括地基沉降和垃圾堆体沉降,垃圾堆体沉降又分为主沉降和次沉降,主沉降完成时间短于次沉降。通过对陕西省宝鸡市垃圾填埋场地基土进行沉降计算,最大沉降差超过100 mm,对垃圾防渗层不利影响较大;而对垃圾堆体沉降计算,修正后的计算值与沉降观测值非常接近。考虑不同地区地层差异和垃圾成分差异,积累沉降观测资料具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
城市垃圾填埋场有机物降解沉降模型的研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
研究城市垃圾填埋场的有机物降解沉降是非常重要的,有机物的降解沉降是填埋场的主要沉降,并且降解沉降将持续很长一段时间,较大的沉降能够导致防渗系统的渗漏并损坏覆盖系统。由于垃圾的非均匀性,其土工特性随地域及时间而改变,所以,计算垃圾填埋场的降解沉降是比较困难的。在试验及理论推导的基础上,提出了一种有机物的降解沉降模型,该模型参数较少,利用该模型预测了天子岭垃圾填埋场的库容及有机物的降解沉降。 相似文献
3.
垃圾填埋场传统封顶和ET封顶的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对传统压实黏土封顶系统存在易干燥开裂的问题,提出了一种新型的ET（蒸发传输）封顶系统。分析了压实黏土封顶系统和新型ET封顶系统的工作机制。在降水和蒸发循环补给的条件下,建立了水分在两种封顶系统中迁移的一维数学模型。以9次降水和蒸发循环补给为边界条件,分别模拟了576 h的水分在两种封顶系统中迁移变化规律。计算结果表明,距补给边界越近,含水率受降水、蒸发的影响越显著,且随着深度的增加出现明显的峰值滞后现象。传统封顶中的压实黏土层由于具有低渗透性,致使整层不能得到有效的水分补给。ET封顶中整个土层可以有效地从边界降水中得到补给,同时在蒸发的条件下,把土层中的储水释放。数值计算结果与试验数据的对比表明,计算值和试验数据基本吻合。这些研究成果有助于垃圾填埋场封顶系统的设计作进一步的改进。 相似文献
4.
挡土墙后黏性土处于主动土压力状态时，墙顶一定深度范围内会产生裂缝，使其较大范围形成零压力区即开裂深度，关于开裂深度问题一直没有得到很好解决。针对变分法求解黏性填土主动土压力中未考虑裂缝的情况，通过一个算例说明了黏性填土表面在主动土压力状态下会产生裂缝。采用折线简化摩尔?库仑强度包络线，利用实际的土体抗拉强度推导了墙背土体开裂深度的计算公式。根据滑裂面上端点的应力边界状态和几何边界条件，对土压力变分计算方法进行了改进，使主动土压力的不确定问题变成了确定性问题。分析了填土内摩擦角、黏聚力、抗拉强度对开裂深度的影响，结果表明，随着内摩擦角和内聚力的增大，土体开裂深度逐渐增加，滑裂面向墙背方法偏移，土压力减小；随着土体抗拉强度的增加，开裂深度逐渐减小，土压力减小，当抗拉强度大到足以抵抗土体的开裂破坏，墙后土体开裂深度为0，这时土压力不再受抗拉强度的影响。 相似文献
5.
This paper presents some experimental results on desiccation cracking tests conducted on thin layers of clay soils. Observation
of the evolution of cracking patterns was examined to clarify the transient mechanisms of the crack formation of clay soils.
Laboratory experimentation on desiccation cracking was carried out to examine experimentally the quantitative relationships
between the characteristics of soil cracks and the prevailing controlling conditions. Five desiccation cracking tests for
slurried clay soils were carried out using shrinkage moulds in a humidity chamber, which was capable of controlling relative
humidity and temperature. The soil used in the experimental studies was residual basaltic clay and was classified as a highly
reactive soil. In order to provide simple conditions for theoretical modelling, the tests were conducted in perspex and metal
moulds with rectangular cross-sections. The lengths of the moulds were considerably larger than their widths so that parallel
cracking were generated in thin layers. In each cracking test, several rectangular moulds of different thicknesses and widths
were used. Some of these tests were used for observation, crack initiation and evolution, and others for moisture content
measurement during desiccation. The test results include evolution of the cracking pattern, influences of speed of desiccation
and typical crack spacing to depth ratios for soil layers. 相似文献
6.
Jason Timmons Young Min Cho Timothy Townsend Nicole Berge Debra Reinhart 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):95-105
Commercially available hydraulic total overburden pressure cells were installed in the sand drainage layer of a municipal
solid waste landfill and monitored for a period of 3,110 days. Both overburden pressure and temperature were measured in the
landfill as it was filled with compacted waste. Topographic surveys of the landfill were periodically conducted to measure
the height of waste above the pressure cells and to determine the landfill volume for indirect unit weight estimation. The
average ratio of measured to theoretically-predicted overburden pressure was 0.6, indicating that on average the pressure
cells underestimated the load. The overburden pressure measured near the toe of the landfill was greater than that predicted
by the unit weight of landfilled material, while most of the overburden pressure measurements further inside the landfill
were less than predicted. Several possible causes for this phenomenon are discussed, including the uneven distribution of
forces resulting from the heterogeneous nature of the waste and cover soil. The earth pressure cells were capable of detecting
the placement of individual waste lifts. 相似文献
7.
Preventing the penetration of rainwater into a landfill site is the main purpose of the final cover in landfill sites. Conventional designs of landfill covers use geotextiles, such as geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liners, and clay liners to lower the permeability of the final cover of landfill sites. However, differential settlement and climatic effects in landfill sites instigate crack development or structural damage inside the final cover. This study therefore investigates the field applicability of a self-recovering sustainable liner (SRSL) as an alternative to the landfill final cover. The SRSL utilizes the precipitation reaction of two chemical materials to form precipitates that fill the pores and thereby lower the overall permeability of the liner. To examine the field applicability of the SRSL system, uniaxial compression tests and laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests were performed under various climatic effects such as wet/dry and freeze/thaw processes. Furthermore, field-scale hydraulic conductivity tests were performed with intentionally induced cracks to demonstrate the self-recovery performance for practical applications. Extensive laboratory and field test results confirmed the capability of the SRSL final cover system to fulfill the strength and hydraulic conductivity requirements, even in harsh field conditions. 相似文献
8.
The primary objective of bioreactor landfill is to achieve adequate and rapid distribution of moisture in landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) to accelerate the anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction within MSW. A horizontal trench system (HT) is commonly adopted for leachate distribution in MSW under pressurized conditions. However, this approach should be implemented carefully due to the potential instability of landfill slopes that comes from the generation and distribution of excessive pore fluid pressures. In this study, HT design charts are presented that determine the optimal location of horizontal trench systems from the side slope (i.e., minimum lateral setback distance) under continuous leachate addition with maximum applied injection pressures, for which the landfill slopes remain stable [factor of safety (FOS) where FOS ≥ 1.5]. Use of any higher injection pressure and/or shorter lateral setback distance of HT than the one presented in the design charts would result in an unacceptable design of the bioreactor side slope (FOS < 1.5). The design chart was developed based on a parametric study that used a numerical two-phase flow model that involved different slope configurations and landfill waste depths. MSW heterogeneity and anisotropy, as well as unsaturated hydraulic properties, were taken into consideration in these simulations. Transient changes in pore water and gas pressures due to leachate recirculation were accounted for dually in the slope stability computations. The importance of these design charts is illustrated using a practical example. Site-specific conditions and the expertise and prior experience of a designer or operator must also be adequately considered and utilized with the design charts presented here for the safe design of a horizontal trench system in a bioreactor landfill. 相似文献
9.
干湿循环条件下重塑膨胀土的裂隙发育特征及量化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
裂隙性是膨胀土的典型工程地质特性之一,对其工程性质有重要影响,直接或间接地导致各种工程问题。通过对重塑膨胀土开展室内干湿循环试验,对获得的裂隙数字图像采用图像处理技术进行一系列预处理操作,提出了表面裂隙率、裂隙条数、裂隙总长度、裂隙平均宽度和绝对收缩率等量化指标,定量描述裂隙的形态特征,分析干湿循环过程中压实膨胀土的裂隙发育规律。结果表明:含水率和干湿循环次数是影响膨胀土裂隙发育的重要因素。随着含水率的减小,重塑膨胀土的裂隙发育程度总体上有增加的趋势。表面裂隙率、裂隙条数和总长度随含水率的减小逐渐增加,绝对收缩率随含水率减小而增大,而裂隙宽度与含水率之间没有明显的规律;随干湿循环次数的增加,裂隙进一步发育,裂隙条数、裂隙总长度、表面裂隙率增加,绝对收缩率总体增大,但裂隙平均宽度存在减小的现象,这与后期发育的大量微裂隙有关。 相似文献
10.
During leachate recirculation, a bioreactor landfill will experience more rapid and complete settlement, which is mainly attributed to the weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its biodegradation. The settlement of MSW may cause the decrease of void ratio of MSW, which will influence the permeability of MSW and the leachate quantity that can be held in bioreactor landfills. In this study, a new one-dimensional model of leachate recirculation using infiltration pond is developed. The new method is not only capable of describing leachate flow considering the effect of MSW settlement, but also accounting separately leachate flow in saturated and unsaturated zones. Moreover, the effects of operating parameters are evaluated with a parametric study. The analyzing results show that the influence depth of leachate recirculation considering the effect of MSW settlement is smaller than the value without considering the effect. The influence depth and leachate recirculation volume increase with the increase of infiltration pond pressure head and MSW void ratio. This indicates that the field compaction of MSW has a great influence on the leachate recirculation. 相似文献
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在工程建设与自然环境中,土体因失水而产生收缩、开裂的过程受多重因素的影响,且各因素之间的相互作用关系十分复杂。其中,环境温度在土体开裂的起始与结束中,起至关重要的影响;同时,鲜见关于土体内部黏土、砂粒配比对于裂隙发育影响的研究。故本研究设置了不同环境温度、含砂率条件,展开一系列室内蒸发试验,通过记录试验过程中土体内部水分散失以及表面裂隙发育、发展情况,利用相关图形分析软件,对裂隙率、裂隙网络的几何形态进行定量分析,进而探究不同温度、含砂率对土体干缩、开裂的影响机理。研究结果表明：（1）砂粒的存在,导致土体内部的结构发生改变,部分输水通道被堵塞,从而延长了自由水的运移路径,水分蒸发速率随着含砂率的增加而降低。（2）砂粒的存在将导致土体表面提前产生开裂,此现象受含砂率的影响较小,与是否含砂有关。（3）土体内部含砂率越高,裂隙发育纵深越小,延伸长度越短,同时裂隙的宽度与含砂率呈反比。（4）相同含砂率条件下,环境温度越高,水分蒸发速率、土体表面形成的裂隙宽度越大,且在一定程度上促使表面裂隙提前产生。 相似文献
14.
淮河大堤老应段土体蠕变特性研究及工程应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文依据工程需要, 采取淮河大堤老应段的原状和扰动土样, 在室内对堤体及堤基土的剪切蠕变和拉伸蠕变特性进行了试验研究。粘土的蠕变剪切强度远低于瞬时剪切强度, Ｃ值仅是Ｃ值的４０％左右;相同含水条件下粘土的长时抗拉强度大于瞬时抗拉强度, 长时拉伸应变量远大于瞬时拉伸应变量, 约为２倍。 相似文献
15.
填埋场扩建是增大库容的重要手段,而其引起的沉降变形对填埋场及内部构筑物的稳定性有重大影响。针对扩建填埋场自重应力作用下的沉降变形问题,采用能够模拟我国固废工程特性的人工固废开展了平原型填埋场竖向扩建的离心模型试验。结果表明,堆体自重应力沉降随固废龄期增大而减小,最大沉降可达到堆体初始高度的20%。新老堆体界面不均匀沉降随老堆体龄期增大而减小,界面水平位移最大值出现在新堆体坡肩附近,且随坡比增加和龄期减小而增大。坡比越小,龄期和垃圾坝的作用越明显。垃圾坝对填埋堆体变形的影响随其相对高度减小而减弱。试验结果略大于常用的填埋场一维沉降计算结果,为填埋场增容及中间衬垫设计和稳定评估等提供了参考。 相似文献
16.
章君政唐朝生巩学鹏周启友程青吕超施斌 《岩土力学》2023,(2):392-402
土体在气候作用下发育干缩裂隙是一种常见的自然现象,裂隙的存在会极大弱化土体的工程性质,诱发许多岩土与地质工程问题。为了实时掌握黏性土中干缩裂隙网络的发展状态,提出了一套基于高密度电阻率层析成像技术（ERT）的土体干缩裂隙动态发展过程精细监测方法。分别开展模型试验及原位试验,利用自行研制的测定系统持续采集电流-电位差数据,随后利用自行开发的有限元法电阻率层析成像（FemERT）系统进行数据处理,获取了裂隙网络在不同发育阶段的空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）ERT可以实现土体裂隙发育过程的精细监测,具备监测三维裂隙网络几何形态的能力,裂隙宽度的识别精度达到毫米级,裂隙深度的识别精度达到厘米级;（2）ERT的感度分布特征解释了裂隙发育对于土体电阻率的影响规律,测定电阻值时程曲线因裂隙产生位置的不同而呈现不同的变化规律;（3）反演电阻率及其相对变化率（Rev）可以直观表征裂隙网络在不同阶段的空间几何形态,凸显裂隙动态发育过程对于土体导电性的影响。 相似文献
17.
膨胀土湿干胀缩裂隙演化及其定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨胀土是一种分布广泛且具有明显胀缩性的裂隙土，其裂纹萌生及裂隙扩展会受到诸多因素的影响。此试验利用基于MATLAB开发的图像处理与裂隙定量分析程序，研究了膨胀土裂隙开展的尺寸和温度效应。制备25个不同初始状态的膨胀土泥浆试样，利用拍照台对其失水收缩过程中试样表面裂隙演化过程以及对应含水率进行记录。运用裂隙定量分析程序，分别对两类效应单独作用、耦合作用下的膨胀土裂隙度 、长径比C、裂隙平均宽度 、分形维数值等指标进行定量化分析发现：膨胀土裂隙的分形维数值具有较好的稳定性，其指标仅受试样厚度轻微影响，分形维数与含水率ω的关系呈近似对数曲线；在失水收缩过程中膨胀土最终裂隙指标主要受到试样厚度的影响，表面尺寸对裂隙长径比、宽度最终值也有一定影响，温度影响主要体现在促使裂隙更早、更快的发育并稳定，对最终指标影响相对不明显，影响显著性顺序为：厚度>表面尺寸>温度；此外还对膨胀土失水收缩开裂过程机制进行分析，进一步研究膨胀土的裂隙发育以及两类效应对其裂隙扩展的影响规律。 相似文献
18.
垃圾填埋场对周边地质环境影响与防治对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
垃圾填埋场对周边地质环境的污染越来越受到研究人员的重视,其影响因素复杂,不仅与MSW的性质有关,还与垃圾填埋场的类型及其所处地质环境有密切关系。为分析垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液、重金属以及其他有害物质对周边地质环境(地下水环境、土壤环境)的影响规律,对大量相关文献和实验资料进行研究分析。研究结果表明:渗滤液是垃圾填埋场影响周围地质环境最为重要的因素,对渗滤液污染地表水及地下水情况和防治方法进行了探讨;同样渗滤液也是重金属污染土壤的载体,重金属在土壤剖面中的滞留量一般随深度的增加而逐渐减少;重金属对土壤的污染具有积累性和滞后性特点,随着填埋时间的延长污染加重。最后,根据其污染途径和污染规律,提出了相应具体防治对策。 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a numerical study on the desiccation cracking process of clayey soil. The initiation and propagation of cracks were investigated using finite element code, including the damage-elastic cohesive fracture law to describe the behaviour of cracks. The coupling between the hydraulic behaviour (moisture transfer in the soil matrix and in the cracks) and the mechanical behaviour (volume change of the soil matrix and development of cracks) were also considered. The results of a laboratory experiment performed on clay soil, taken from a literature review, were used to evaluate the numerical modelling. The results show that the code can reproduce the main trends observed in the experiment (e.g., shrinkage related to drying, crack development). In addition, the numerical simulation enables the identification of other phenomena, such as the evolution of suction and stress related to drying and the development of a single crack. These phenomena are difficult to observe experimentally. 相似文献
20.
Ground fissuring is a recurrent problem in many countries where water extraction surpasses the natural recharge of aquifers. Due to differential settlement, the soil layer undergoes deformation and cracks with serious consequences for civil infrastructure. Here, we propose an approximate analysis of the fissuring process that can be used to predict the location of cracks, which increasingly affect some middle- and large-sized cities in the world. For that purpose, the ground loss theory is applied to sediments overlying a sinusoidal-shaped graben. This analysis shows the existence of a tensile zone at the border of the graben with maximal values on its shoulder where tension cracks are more likely to appear. It also shows that soil deformation under differential settlement may evolve into ground faulting if water withdrawal continues. Finally, when a crack has completely developed, the tensile zone shifts towards the center of the graben, creating a new area for potential cracking and faulting. 相似文献