共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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在第二松花江傍河开采适宜性评价的基础上,根据研究区的地质和水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型,建立了基于Visual MODFlow的地下水流数值模型;以地下水水位降深不大于含水砂层厚度的1/3为准则,通过使预测流场与允许降深条件下的流场尽量接近,给出了第二松花江干流傍河开采条件下的地下水允许开采量。结果表明:现状年条件下区域地下水资源开采强度较小,而傍河开采条件下各适宜区地下水开采潜力巨大,在多年平均降水保证率条件下,地下水允许开采量可达140×104 m3/d;适度规模傍河开采可引起地表水与地下水转化关系的变化,但不会对河流生态功能产生不利影响。 相似文献
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在分析研究区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,根据对各类水样资料的研究,发现在都思兔河中段,对于相对惰性的组分,河水的化学成分由湖水与地下水混合形成;但对于易发生化学反应的组分,湖水在向下游运动的过程中,其化学成分明显受到了化学反应的影响。论文使用Cl-质量平衡方法,计算出该段河水中地下水的补给比例在50%以上;并且根据研究区的具体条件及矿物饱和指数的计算结果,确定石膏的溶解、方解石和白云石的沉淀以及CO2逸出是河水化学成分形成的主要化学作用,通过对化学反应量的计算,恢复了湖水与地下水仅发生了简单混合作用的混合水的成分。 相似文献
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岩溶地区矿井水对环境的影响复杂,它不仅对地表水体产生不利影响,而且由于落水洞、地下河发育,地下水体与地表水体之间水力联系密切,若矿井水若处置不当,还将对地下水环境产生不利影响.以典型的岩溶地区——贵州省金沙县为例,通过收集目前正常生产的部分矿井水水质资料,调查区域的基本水文状况,认为研究区地表水体规模普遍较小,落水洞、暗河等较为发育,地表水体与地下水体之间的水力联系较为密切,矿井水不仅容易污染地表水,而且容易对地下水产生不利影响.针对其影响方式、范围、程度及特点提出了源头控制、源头控制、矿井水资源化、优化排放方式等一系列的综合防治对策,以供类似地区矿井水的污染防治参考. 相似文献
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为研究蒙陕接壤区浅埋煤层开采下矿井水水化学特征与来源,通过采集研究区内的矿井水、不同含水层地下水及地表水样,综合利用水化学特征研究、数理统计、离子比例系数法以及氢氧同位素,探究该区矿井水水化学特征及其形成作用。基于此,对研究区矿井水的主要来源进行了识别。结果表明,矿井水与第四系萨拉乌苏组、侏罗系直罗组和延安组地下水水力联系紧密。矿井水主要离子形成受水-岩作用影响,主要阴阳离子来源于硅酸盐矿物与方解石的溶滤作用;受到反向阳离子交换作用影响,使矿井水中Na+含量高于浅部地下水;混合作用对矿井水水化学成分形成影响较小。矿井水受延安组、直罗组地下水与萨拉乌苏组地下水共同补给,三者在矿井水补给水源中所占比例分别为86.39%、1.59%与12.02%。研究成果可为该区的矿井水害防治与水资源处理利用提供依据。 相似文献
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马莲河河水与地下水的相互关系:水化学和同位素证据 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
查明地表水与地下水的转化关系是建立区域水循环模式、揭示水资源形成机制、评价水资源总量以及可持续开发利用水资源的必要环节.马莲河位于我国西北干旱半干旱气候区,流域内水资源时空分布不均,生态环境脆弱,水资源问题严重.受到区域气候、地质构造和自然地理环境的影响,河水与地下水的转化频繁、关系复杂.在分析了流域内地下水动力场特征的基础上,应用水化学方法和同位素技术相结合的方法分析了马莲河河水与地下水的相互转化关系.马莲河河水主要以接受地下水补给为主,仅在中游个别河段与地下水的水力联系较弱. 相似文献
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河水入渗补给是傍河水源地的主要补给来源,确定河水补给强度对于促进水源地长期安全的开采具有十分重要的意义。以沈阳黄家水源地为研究区,通过对比研究区河水、地下水的水化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征,分析了水源地地下水的补给来源及强度。结果表明:傍河水源地地下水主要接受河水的入渗补给和区域地下水的侧向补给;受河床沉积物和含水介质的岩性及结构在空间上的差异影响,河水入渗补给后在向地下水位漏斗中心流动的过程中具有浅层和深层两条地下水流路径,深层地下水与河水的水力联系更为紧密;河水对地下水的补给强度具有明显的时空变化特点,表现为雨季河水入渗强度明显大于旱季,并且随着与辽河距离的增加,水源地地下水获得的河水补给量呈逐渐减小的趋势。 相似文献
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为了有效提升大清河流域平原区地下水水位,亟需在此区域开展地下水人工补给工程,并确定合理的建设位置及有效的补给方式。首先基于研究区可利用补给水源、地下水位、地表高程、地表坡度及与河道距离5个指标的分布特征,构建地下水补给潜力评价体系,采用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区进行了地下水人工补给潜力区划;然后在此评价体系基础上,在典型人工补给高潜力区进一步开展系列野外现场试验,探讨适宜可行的地下水人工补给方式。结果表明：研究区西北部及南部河道附近区域开展人工补给工程潜力较高,而中部、北部及西南部远离河道的区域潜力较低。高潜力区——白沟引河地段包气带及含水层渗透性良好,整体渗透系数均在5 m/d左右或更高,适宜地表补给,但河床渗透性较差,渗透系数基本在0.01~0.09 m/d间,若通过河道补给需配合清淤等措施。其中,在上游及中游沿岸适宜将河道水通过生态水渠引至修建的地表入渗池或借助天然渗坑内入渗补给,在中下游沿岸区域适宜将补给水进行严格的水处理后采用井灌方式补给,在白沟引河中下游河道适宜修建拦水坝,利用河道进行入渗补给。 相似文献
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本文对长江三角洲扬-泰-靖地区第四系松散层地下水中环境同位素(D、18O、34S)的分布特征进行了分析,旨在揭示大气降水、长江水、潜水及承压水之间的水力联系,辨别地下水中硫酸盐的来源及其污染状况。研究结果表明潜水含水层接受大气降水及长江水的补给,硫酸盐主要为农业污染来源或与海源硫酸盐的混合。承压含水层主要接受大气降水的补给,与潜水含水层及长江之间的水力联系较差,硫酸盐来源不同。在研究区顶部和沿江地段的浅层孔隙承压水中,硫酸盐来源于硫化物的氧化;在东部的深层孔隙承压水中,硫酸盐主要来源于硫酸盐岩的溶解或海源硫酸盐的滞留,基本未受到潜水或地表水中硫酸盐的污染。 相似文献
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重点分析了研究区潜水、浅层承压水、泉水及地表水δD、δ18O的分布特征,并对5组水文钻探井地下水样品进行分析.潜水δD变化范围为-97.32‰~-67.51‰,平均值为-80.34‰;δ18O为-15.85‰~-10.66‰,平均值为-12.08‰.浅层承压水δD为-111.93‰~-68.38‰,平均值为-84.79‰;δ18O为-16.01‰~-10.52‰,平均值为-12.30‰.泉水δD为-102.06‰~-71.63‰,平均值为-84.10‰;δ18O为-14.21‰~-9.70‰,平均值为-12.24‰.地表水δD为-90.53‰~-60.99‰,平均值为-72.58‰;δ18O在-13.20‰~-9.54‰,平均值为-11.21‰.地下水δ13C为-9.4‰~-5.6‰,平均值为-8.3‰,极差为3.8‰.结果表明:地下水与地表水均起源于当地大气降水.潜水与浅层承压水水力联系较强,潜水与浅层承压水属于同一含水系统.与浅层承压水相比,深层承压水年龄较大,在20 ka左右,属于沉积埋藏水.深层承压水与浅层承压水的水力联系较弱.潜水与浅层承压水的δ13C值较为接近,且接近大气CO2的δ13C值-7‰.研究区地下水中碳的主要来源为大气CO2. 相似文献
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桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址地下水示踪及污染来源分析 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
桂林甑皮岩遗址周围地带地下水中污染物的种类及来源复杂。为了查明地下水系统的结构特征,分析地下水的污染物运移路径和追溯污染源,采用在线高分辨率示踪技术与人工采样相结合的方法。选取荧光素钠和罗丹明B两种示踪剂,在桂林甑皮岩遗址周围进行了三次示踪试验。根据试验结果分析地下水流场,计算地下水平均流速。结果表明地下水流速在1.6~33.91 m/d,平均值为12.92 m/d。流场内岩溶以溶蚀裂隙为主,且裂隙发育呈网络式,存在西北向东南方向的主径流带,但大型岩溶管道存在的可能性小。三次示踪试验结果均显示,投放点所在的污染源区与遗址周围地下水存在水力联系,因此,遗址附近的居民小区、学校、原砖厂等污染源对遗址下部的地下水存在潜在污染,需更大程度地划分遗址的保护范围。特别是甑皮岩景区化粪池密闭情况较差,严重危害遗址环境,必须对化粪池进行防渗处理。 相似文献
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宝鼎矿区深部水文地质条件研究及涌水量计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宝鼎矿区浅部资源行将枯竭,深部开采已迫在眉睫,而预测深部涌水量成为其首要解决的问题。通过对矿区深部水文地质条件研究与矿井充水因素的分析,认为矿区各含水间水力联系差,同一含水层组的不同地段间的含水裂隙的连通性亦差;断层多为高角度压性逆断层,导水性差,富水性弱;矿区上部水平及下部水平的浅埋区的充水水源主要为大气降水和老窑水,而下部水平主要的充水水源为上覆水平的采空区积水和地下水。运用比拟法和地下水动力学对延深的第一接替水平四个区段的较大涌水量和一般涌水量进行了计算,经过比较,采用了比拟法的计算结果：矿井的一般涌水量为2860.88m3/d,据此提出了切实可行防治水措施,从而为矿井深部建设提供了水文地质依据。 相似文献
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深层地下水的属性、深浅层地下水的水力联系(越流)是水文地质工作者一直研究和争论的问题。在对邯郸、邢台东部四县深、浅层地下水的氢、氧同位素样品的采集与测试中,发现该区地下水中氚同位素含量较高(15～30 TU,最高达51.1 TU)。本文利用区域大气降水中氚同位素衰减规律与特征,结合研究区地下水的水位和水质动态特征、含水层及隔水层的岩性特征,对特定水文地质条件下浅层地下水向深层地下水越流的可能性进行了分析研究,认为:本区存在浅层地下水越流至深层地下水的可能,在深层地下水中出现的高氚含量是其重要的证据。 相似文献
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The Jharia coalfield is the most important and active minig region; it experiences groundwater inflow and affects groundwater levels in overlying aquifers, and it provides the basis for a conceptual model of the hydrogeological impacts of coal mining. The several sandstone aquifers of the overburden are separated by aquitards that limit vertical hydraulic connection, but the inflow responds to seasonal events and seems to be linked to shallow groundwater behavior. The mine drainage behavior suggests a hydraulic connection between the mine and the shallower groundwater system. The greatest declines are directly above the panels, with an immediate response to coal mining. The inflow is localized by natural and induced fracture zones and is mostly into recent workings. The groundwater behavior is controlled by hydraulic property changes caused by mine-induced fracturing. The hydrological and chemical qualities of the shallow groundwater regime in 13 mining collieries in Mukunda Block have been investigated. Water samples collected from 30 shallow monitoring dug wells were chosen for the study. Rainfall, runoff, and infiltration rates have been calculated in the area. The water-quality plottings were used to interpret the distribution of individual chemical parameters and in predicting the water quality. The underground mine water has been classified as: (1) unconfined groundwater in the calcareous siltstone and sandstone—its composition is Na, Ca, SO4 and Na-MgHCO3 with moderate total dissolved solids (TDS) 200–1480 ppm; (2) the deep groundwater originating from the coal seams and associated sediments in the near-surface environments—this is a Na-HCO3 water with higher TDS; and (3) spoil dump waters are essentially Na-HCO3 with high TDS. This article presents some hydrologic results and conclusions relating to the hydrogeological and environmental impacts of the coal mining in the Jharia coalfield. 相似文献
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Analyses of environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, and 87Sr/86Sr) are applied to groundwater studies with emphasis on saline groundwater in aquifers in the Keta Basin, Ghana. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater and surface water of the Keta Basin primarily reflect the geology and the mineralogical composition
of the formations in the catchments and recharge areas. The isotopic compositions of 18O and 2H of deep groundwater have small variations and plot close to the global meteoric water line. Shallow groundwater and surface
water have considerably larger variations in isotopic compositions, which reflect evaporation and preservation of seasonal
fluctuations. A significant excess of chloride in shallow groundwater in comparison to the calculated evaporation loss is
the result of a combination of evaporation and marine sources. Groundwaters from deep wells and dug wells in near-coastal
aquifers are characterized by relatively high chloride contents, and the significance of marine influence is evidenced by
well-defined mixing lines for strontium isotopes, and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, with isotopic compositions of seawater
as one end member. The results derived from environmental isotopes in this study demonstrate that a multi-isotope approach
is a useful tool to identify the origin and sources of saline groundwater.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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P. K. Sikdar P. Sahu S. P. Sinha Ray A. Sarkar S. Chakraborty 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1863-1879
A heterogeneous anisotropic steady-state groundwater flow model for the multi-aquifer system of a part of southern Bengal Basin shows that human intervention has changed the natural groundwater flow system. At present, the shallow groundwater flow is restricted within the aquifer, with very short travel time of tens of years and vertical path length. The deep aquifer is fed by surface water or rainwater from distant locations with travel time of thousands of years and has no hydraulic connection with the arsenic-rich shallow aquifer. Numerical simulations indicate that the future pumping of deep groundwater is not likely to drive in arsenic from the shallow aquifer. Therefore, new wells may be installed in the deep aquifer. High pumping of shallow unpolluted aquifer consisting of brown sand will drive in groundwater containing organic matter from the post-Last Glacial Maximum aquifer-aquitard system. The organic matter drives reduction of manganese oxides at strip interfaces between palaeo-channel and palaeo-interfluve. After the completion of manganese reduction, FeOOH reduction may take place in the marginal palaeo-interfluvial aquifer and release sorbed arsenic. Arsenic then moves into the interior of palaeo-interfluvial aquifer polluting its fresh groundwater. Arsenic migration rates ranges between 0.21 and 6.3 and 1.3 × 10?2 and 0.4 m/year in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Therefore, palaeo-interfluvial aquifer will remain arsenic-free for hundreds to thousands of years to supply safe drinking water. 相似文献
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A sound understanding of groundwater recharged from various sources occurring at different time scales is crucial for water management in arid and semi-arid river basins. Groundwater recharge sources and their geochemical evolution are investigated for the Heihe River Basin(HRB) in northwest China on the basis of a comprehensive compilation of geochemical and isotopic data. Geochemical massbalance modeling indicates that mountain-block recharge accounts for a small fraction(generally less than 5%) of the shallow and deep groundwater sustaining the oasis, whereas infiltration of rivers and irrigation water contribute most of the groundwater recharge. Dedolomitization is the primary process responsible for the changes in groundwater chemical and carbon isotope compositions from the piedmont to the groundwater discharge zone, where the dedolomitization is very likely enhanced by modern agricultural activities affecting the shallow groundwater quality. Analysis of radioactive isotopes suggests that these primary recharge sources occur at two different time scales. Radiocarbon-derived groundwater age profiles indicate a recharge rate of approximately 12 mm/year, which probably occurred during 2000–7000 years B.P., corresponding to the mid-Holocene humid period. The recharge of young groundwater on the tritium-dated time scale is much higher, about 360 mm/year in the oasis region. Infiltration from irrigation canals and irrigation return flow are the primary contributors to the increased young groundwater recharge. This study suggests that groundwater chemistry in the HRB has been influenced by the complex interaction between natural and human-induced geochemical processes and that anthropogenic effects have played a more significant role in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality. 相似文献