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1.
宁芜火山岩的地球化学特征及其意义   总被引:40,自引:30,他引:40  
王元龙  张旗等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):565-575
宁芜早白垩世火山岩由中基性成分组成,与碱性玄武岩比较,火山岩贫Ti,Fe,富K和LREE,Na2O/K2O近似等于1,在SiO2-K2O图中龙王山组的全部和大王山组的大部落入橄榄玄粗岩区域,属于橄榄玄粗岩系列,为富集LILE和水的地幔部分熔融的产物。宁芜火山岩产于板内环境,富钾质岩浆的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈的伸展-减薄或裂谷作用有关。宁芜火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,Ti,Nb(Ta)具负异常。宁芜火山岩底部的龙王山组和主体大王山组具有不同的地球化学特征:与大王山组相比,前者更富Rb,Ba,K,而相对贫LREE(La,Ce,Nd),Eu,Sr,Isr较高,εNd(t)较低。由于龙王山组层位低,大王山组层位高,不可能解释为分离结晶作用的结果,而只能说明在火山岩喷发的早期阶段(龙王山组),岩浆穿过陆壳上升过程中与围岩发生过混染作用,从围岩中带入较多的K、Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素,从而使得Isr较高和εNd(t)较低。龙王山组SiO2-K2O不具相关性也说明陆壳混染的影响。至宁芜火山岩喷发的极盛时期(大王山组),岩浆与围岩的混染程度降低,Isr和Nd(t)值更接近岩浆的初始组成。据了解,在长江中下游地区有许多晚中生代的埃达克质岩出露,埃达克质岩来自加厚的陆壳底部,需要很高的温度才能使下地壳基性岩发生部分熔融。宁芜一带火山岩的大规模喷出,表明在早白垩世初期该区地幔处于十分活跃的状态,可能有大量橄榄玄粗质岩浆底侵到下地壳底部,烘烤下地壳使之熔融形成埃达克质熔浆。  相似文献   

2.
北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩成因及其地质意义   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩由底部(第1岩性段)玄武粗安岩、下部(第2岩性段)酸性火山碎屑岩和上部(第3、4岩性段)粗面岩、流纹岩组成。根据地球化学特征,东岭台组下部第1岩性段玄武粗安岩属于碱性系列,具有Coombs成分变异趋势,上部的中、酸性岩属于高钾钙碱性;东岭台组火山岩整体具有从碱质富集的基性岩向硅饱和的中酸性岩变化的跨越式成分变异趋势。东岭台组中—基性岩是富集Ba、Sr、LREE和K的幔源原始玄武质岩浆在中等压力条件下分离结晶的产物,岩石在成岩过程中受到了下地壳物质的混染。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的粗面岩或英安岩依据地球化学特征分为3大类——富铝钾质粗面岩、富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩与贫铝粗面岩或英安岩。富铝钾质粗面岩是玄武质岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩是内侵的基性岩含水熔融的产物;贫铝粗面岩或英安岩有可能由中—基性岩分异而来,成岩过程中受到围岩混染。东岭台组下部第2岩性段的酸性火山岩形成于下地壳低钾岩石在高氧逸度条件下的低程度部分熔融。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的酸性火山岩中的低硅端元是基性岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;高硅端元由低硅酸性火山岩分离结晶演化而来。燕山早白垩世早、中期大规模高钾钙碱性岩浆活动很可能是幔源岩浆与陆壳发生熔融反应的产物。东岭台组火山岩是早白垩世中期地壳被内侵玄武质岩浆加热,进而导致地温梯度增高的直观表征;地壳深部温度升高和部分熔融直接促使地壳发生侧向韧性流动,致使早白垩世时期的燕山地区由山地演变为高原。  相似文献   

3.
侯可军  袁顺达 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):888-902
宁芜火山盆地是长江中下游重要的火山盆地之一,在盆地内自下而上依次发育龙王山组、大王山组、姑山组和娘娘山组火山岩和若干个同源次火山岩或小侵入岩体。本文对宁芜盆地火山-次火山岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素地球化学研究。研究结果表明,大王山组粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄为130.3±0.9Ma,姑山组两个粗安岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±1.3Ma和128.5±1.8Ma,另外三个侵入岩年龄分别为127.1±1.2Ma、128.3±0.6Ma和128.2±1.0Ma,均为早白垩纪。综合前人成果,认为长江中下游地区火山盆地内火山活动的时限在135~124Ma之间,不存在侏罗纪岩浆活动。宁芜盆地火山岩和侵入岩的锆石176Hf/177Hf值在0.282502~0.282673范围内,εHf(t)变化为-6.9~-0.7,显示岩浆源自于岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融并在上升过程中受地壳物质的混染,为岩石圈伸展环境的产物。  相似文献   

4.
仁化安山玢岩分布在华南湘桂地洼系南东侧,位于广东韶关丹霞火山盆地中。来自仁化妙禅寺和石背两地的安山玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为105.0±0.7 Ma和104.3±0.8 Ma,表明其形成于中生代构造活化期最强烈的早白垩世晚期。妙禅寺和石背安山玢岩均具斑状结构,块状构造。斑晶主要为斜长石和角闪石或辉石,基质组成与斑晶类似。相关图解显示安山玢岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,其Mg#为49~61,K2O含量为3.07%~3.81%。微量元素地球化学特征研究表明,这些安山玢岩明显富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Th和U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti,无Zr、Hf异常。Zr/Y(6.56~9.10)、Th/U(3.72~4.31)、Nb/La(0.31)和(Th/Nb)N(10)等微量元素比值表明其源区为地壳物质加入板内玄武质岩浆的结果。结合前人已有的区域研究成果,作者认为仁化安山玢岩母岩浆应是在岩石圈伸展构造背景下由岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成,岩浆在上升或侵位过程中遭受了不同程度的地壳混染,经历一定程度结晶分异作用后最终形成安山质岩浆。其形成与早白垩世晚期太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲和后缘拉张有关。  相似文献   

5.
长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。  相似文献   

6.
华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩岩石类型及火山岩系列   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于大量的岩相学和岩石化学资料,作者认为,熊耳群火山岩的岩石类型主要为橄榄玄粗岩,安粗岩,粗面英安岩和流纹岩,其次为高钾玄武安山岩、橄榄粗安岩,高钾安山和高钾英安岩;火山岩系列主要为橄榄玄粗岩系,其次为高钾钙碱性岩系;熊耳群火山岩可能是大陆边缘弧弧后火山岩或碰撞后弧火山岩。同时,作者在文中列出了44个代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学资料和913个火山岩,次火山-侵入岩样品的平均化学成分资料。  相似文献   

7.
宁芜火山岩盆地是长江中下游成矿带中最重要的矿集区之一,以产出玢岩型铁矿而著称。盆地内的岩浆活动产物可分为龙王山组,大王山组,姑山组和娘娘山组4个旋回火山岩及相关浅成侵入岩。本文对该盆地中凹山铁矿的成矿母岩——辉长闪长玢岩进行了精确的锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测定。3个样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(123±1)Ma,(127±3)Ma和(125±2)Ma。前人已对该盆地中火山岩开展过较多的定年工作,获得大王山组的锆石U-Pb年龄为127~131Ma。因此,与成矿密切相关的辉长闪长玢岩与第二旋回大王山组火山岩同期,形成年龄相近或略晚于火山岩。辉长闪长玢岩中锆石εHf(t)值为-6.3~-8.6,结合前人的地球化学数据,该岩石的形成可能与软流圈地幔上涌、富集岩石圈地幔熔融并与地壳物质混合有关,这一过程发生于华南约125Ma时岩石圈强烈伸展时期。同位素组成特征表明,与盆地内火山岩相比,宁芜浅成侵入岩形成过程中有更多的地壳物质加入。  相似文献   

8.
安徽庐枞中生代富钾火山岩成因的地球化学制约   总被引:74,自引:7,他引:74  
庐枞中生代火山岩产于下扬子断裂坳陷带的继承式火山盆地中,主要为一套以粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-安粗岩-粗面岩为主体的偏碱质中基性岩石组合。化学成分上具有富碱、富钾、富轻稀土及大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Th、Pb)和贫高场强元素(如Nb、Ti)等特点。在郯庐断裂中南段及其邻近地区的中生代火山岩中,庐枞盆地火山岩的特征最接近钾玄岩系火山岩。这套火山岩具有较高的ISr值(0.70570-0.70653)及偏低的εNd(t)值(-5.01~-9.96)。火山岩产出地质背景的全面分析及元素-同位素的综合示踪,排除了岩浆上升过程中存在强烈的地壳物质的混染,富钾火山岩的岩浆源区应为受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用所形成的富集地幔(EMI),岩石主要起源于富集型地幔的部分熔融。  相似文献   

9.
宁芜盆地娘娘山组钾质火山岩为盆地内中生代最晚期火山喷发形成的火山岩,其矿物成分中钾长石主要为透长石;辉石均为透辉石;黑云母为镁质黑云母,黑云母结晶温度为650℃~750℃,氧逸度(logfo2)约为-12~-10。这些矿物的化学特征与庐枞钾质火山岩中矿物的化学特征非常接近,综合其全岩地球化学、同位素年龄数据,表明娘娘山组钾质火山岩形成于造山后的构造环境。对黑云母的成分分析表明其岩浆来源较深,应为幔源岩浆分异演化的产物,并推测与地壳发生了较弱的同化混染作用,同时娘娘山组钾质火山岩的岩相学和矿物化学特征揭示了其岩浆演化的过程。  相似文献   

10.
长江中下游成矿带溧水盆地(次)火山岩的年代学及其意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
溧水火山岩盆地是长江中下游地区众多中生代火山岩盆地之一,在盆地内自下而上发育有龙王山组、大王山组、姚家边组和甲山组粗面质火山岩和若干个同源的次火山侵入岩体。针对溧水盆地火山岩-次火山岩进行系统的锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果显示,龙王山组玄武质粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为135 Ma±1 Ma,大王山组粗安岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为131 Ma±1 Ma,姚家边组粗安岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为128 Ma±1 Ma,另外1个粗安斑岩体的年龄为131 Ma±1 Ma,它们均为早白垩纪岩浆活动的产物。上述年龄数据与长江中下游地区其他盆地火山岩的年龄基本一致,表明长江中下游地区中生代火山岩的喷发时代主要集中在135Ma~127Ma之间,均受制于中国东部岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。  相似文献   

11.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

12.
The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.  相似文献   

13.
正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style  相似文献   

14.
正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue.  相似文献   

15.
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new  相似文献   

16.
正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and  相似文献   

17.
正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment  相似文献   

18.
正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and  相似文献   

19.
正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important  相似文献   

20.
In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become "stay mine". Features of refi'actory gold ores are: gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid (alkali) oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.  相似文献   

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