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1.
为研究青岛城区土壤的环境地球化学特征,对青岛市南区、市北区、四方区、李沧区、崂山区5区进行了广泛的土壤地质调查。在每1km2一个样品的取样密度下取得表层土样(0～10cm深度)319个,经前期处理后,利用多种仪器如X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等分析测得所有样品的72种元素的含量,本文探讨了重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn及类金属元素As的含量分布。结果表明,人类活动导致表层土壤中元素Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量的增加,而元素As、Cr和Ni主要是地质起源,但也会受到人类活动的影响。其中Zn的含量值变化较大,Zn元素含量值增高的地区是工业、交通密集处等人类活动频繁的地区。 相似文献
2.
Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments from lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River, southern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Longjiang Mao Duowen Mo Yuanyuan Guo Qiang Fu Jinghong Yang Yaofeng Jia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):765-771
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in 16 samples collected from the lower reach (Changsha–Xiangtan–Zhuzhou section) of the Xiangjiang River in southern China were determined by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICPMS). Multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was used to analyze the analytical data and to identify possible pollution sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the eight studied heavy metals accumulated in the sediments from the lower Xiangjiang River, especially Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd, which were 2.0–2.6, 1.7–2.6, 3.5–3.8, 3.2–3.6 and 189.5–152.8 times the soil trace element background for Hunan Province and UCC background values, respectively. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis, coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, revealed that the sediments from lower Xiangjiang River were mainly influenced by two sources: Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb mainly originated from industrial sources, whereas Mn was derived from both industrial and natural sources, but mainly from natural sources due to weathering and erosion. 相似文献
3.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1361-1368
Due to rapid urbanisation and scarcity of land, most of the urban parks and recreational areas in Hong Kong are built close to major roads or industrial areas, where they are subject to many potential pollution sources, including vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions. An extensive soil survey was conducted in urban parks of Hong Kong to study the current conditions of heavy metals contamination in soils. Soil samples and associated street dusts were collected from more than 60 parks and public amenity areas in old urban districts, industrial areas and New Towns of the territory. Soils were also sampled in the remote country parks to establish the baseline conditions. The total concentrations of heavy metals and major elements in the samples were determined. The results indicate that urban soils in Hong Kong have elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The parks with high metal concentrations are located in old urban commercial districts and industrial areas, indicating that the major contamination sources in these soils are traffic emissions and industrial activities. In addition, the application of Cd containing phosphate fertilizers may be an important source of Cd in urban park soils. The street dusts have highly elevated Zn concentration, particularly along the main trunk roads. The high Zn content in the street dusts may come from traffic sources, especially vehicle tyres. Selective soil and road dust samples were also analysed for potential chemical speciation by a sequential chemical extraction method. The chemical partitioning results show that Pb and Zn are mainly in the carbonate/adsorbed and Fe–Mn oxide phases, while Cu is largely associated with the organic and sulphide fractions. The high exchangeable Cd in urban soils and high concentration of Zn in street dusts need further investigation for their ecological and health implications. 相似文献
4.
Mufreh S. Al-Rashidi Mohamed F. Yassin Nawaf S. Alhajeri Marium J. Malek 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(3):59
There is a great demand for estimating the ambient air pollutant background concentrations in order to assess the effectiveness of different emission control strategies. In this paper, the background concentrations of four pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) pollutants in urban, suburban, and rural environments were investigated using Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter technique. Air quality data from monitoring stations over a period of 4 years (2007–2010) was analyzed for three locations in Kuwait, namely urban, suburban, and rural. The spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, and monthly) variations of the four pollutants were analyzed. The results show that the levels of ambient air pollutant background concentrations were high in the urban site compared to suburban and rural area. The diurnal variation of SO2 concentration showed an early morning peak, while the diurnal variation of NOx concentration constituted has two peaks, one was in the early morning hours (5 to 8 a.m.) and the second was in nighttime hours (8 to 11 p.m.). These two peaks were observed at all three locations. The monthly background NOx concentration reached a maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Diurnal variation of CO concentration showed a similar trend to SO2 concentrations in all three locations. Because of the photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere, the background concentration of O3 showed an inverse relation with respect to background concentration of NOx. 相似文献
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6.
María Teresa Rodríguez-Salazar Ofelia Morton-Bermea Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez Rufino Lozano Victor Tapia-Cruz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):899-905
This research presents and discusses information concerning the spatial distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ba, Co,
Cr, Ni and V) in the urban environments of Mexico City using geographical information system and statistical analysis. Superficial
soil samples (n = 146) were analyzed. The highest contamination indices were found in the north and center zone of the metropolitan area.
In contrast, the surrounding rural fields show a lower impact grade. The higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ba were observed
as being related to high vehicular traffic, nevertheless other elements such as Co, Cr, Ni and V do not show anthropogenic
influence and their content can be attributed to the parental rock. The results are compared with previous surveys carried
out in 2003 in order to evaluate temporal deposition trends. No changes were found on reported concentrations except for Cu
and Zn, whose concentration has increased in later years. The results suggest that spatial distribution analysis and results
in comparison with previous studies could be useful for the management and sustainable development of the metropolitan area
of Mexico City. 相似文献
7.
This paper assesses the agricultural land resources of Guiyang City by means of GIS,on the basis of the pressure-state-response model in which soil heavy metal contamination is selected as a pressure indicatror.he results suggest that most of the agricultural land resources are of good quality,However,there are 17.11km^2 dry land and paddy field,which belong to the region of serious heavy metal contamination and are not fit for planting crops.At the same time,the high quality plowland,which is suitable for cultivation,has decreased nearly by 1/3 due to soil heavy metal contamination.These findings may improve our understanding that it is very important to prevent and cure heavy metal contamination of Guiyang City. 相似文献
8.
F. Atabi F. Moattar N. Mansouri A. A. Alesheikh S. A. H. Mirzahosseini 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(2):283-294
This study investigates the variations of benzene concentration levels in district 1, situated in the north part of Tehran, capital of Iran. Thirty-three stations in five categories, namely roadsides, busy roads, residential areas, traffic intersections, and the vicinity of gas stations, were monitored during the rush hours in the afternoon once a week over a period of 1 year. Accordingly, benzene concentration levels were measured and predicted by inverse distance weight model. The recorded benzene concentration levels were then compared with those reported in other parts of the world. According to the results, the annual concentration levels of benzene was 13.85 ppb for roads with heavy traffic flow, 14.98 ppb for traffic intersections, 29.01 ppb for the vicinity of the gas stations, 3.26 ppb for residential areas, and 9.97 ppb for roadsides. The concentration of benzene in the vicinity of the gas station sampling point was higher than in the other stations, and at all locations was found to be so much more than the standard concentration levels (1.56 ppb) prescribed by Environmental Protection Agency for the ambient air quality. The results of the study revealed that the benzene concentration levels in Tehran are distinctly more than its standard level. This is mainly attributed to the poor quality of fuel and lack of a standard system for controlling petrol vapors in the gas stations. 相似文献
9.
首钢地区表层土壤重金属的分布特征及污染评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多元统计分析和空间分析相结合的方法,分析了首钢地区表层土壤中Fe、Cr、Ni、V、As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg 10种重金属元素的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,10种元素可以归结为4类:第一类Ni、V、As的含量低于自然背景值,主要受成土母质等自然因素的影响;第二类Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量已经超出自然背景值,其中Cu、Pb、Zn属于轻度污染,Cd属于中度污染,这一类元素主要受到交通和冶炼等人为因素的影响,高值区主要分布于居民区;第三类为Fe、Cr,同时受到自然因素和人为因素的共同影响,高值区集中分布在厂区和部分居民区;第四类为Hg,Hg因其是一种非点源污染的元素而单独聚为一类,主要受到人为因素的影响且高值样点位于河流区。总体而言,首钢地区表层土壤已经受到部分污染,需密切关注其对环境的危害及人群的潜在健康风险。本研究对该区域土壤污染风险评价和土地利用规划等具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
Accumulation of lead, cadmium, manganese, copper and zinc by sludge worms; Tubifex tubifex in sewage sludge 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
C. C. Kaonga M. Sc J. Kumwenda B.Sc H. T. Mapoma M.Sc 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(1):119-126
Tubifex tubifex has been shown to survive in organic polluted environments, however, not much has been done on its inorganic pollution tolerance. Samples of T. tubifex and their respective sewage sludge were taken from Soche wastewater treatment plant in Blantyre City, Malawi during July 2007 to November 2008. The total number of sludge samples taken was fifty one which was made into seventeen composite samples. A total of seventeen T. Tubifex samples were also collected. The samples were analyzed for copper, lead, manganese, zinc and cadmium using standard methods from American Public Health Association and Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The concentrations of metals in sewage sludge and T. tubifex were on dry weight basis and the metals determined were acid extractable. In general, heavy metals concentration was lower in T. tubifex than in sewage sludge. The range of heavy metals concentrations were (in sludge and (T. tubifex)): zinc 275.3–361.5 mg/kg (45.0–82.2 mg/kg), manganese 293.7–230.1 mg/kg (1.21–3.69 mg/kg), copper 86.5–120.1 mg/kg (1.6–4.7 mg/kg), lead 11.2–22.4 mg/kg (Below detection limit–0.95 ) and cadmium 1.12–2.31 mg/kg (1.08–2.18 mg/kg). The results showed significant differences between the concentrations of manganese, copper, lead and zinc in sewage sludge and T. tubifex (p < 0.05). However there was no significant difference between the concentrations of cadmium in sewage sludge and T. tubifex (p > 0.05). T. tubifex did not show the ability to accumulate heavy metals (attributed to its high defecation and metabolic rate) except for cadmium hence cannot be used as a bioindicator for heavy metal pollution in sludge. 相似文献