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橄榄岩-熔体的相互作用:岩石圈地幔组成转变的重要方式 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
橄榄岩-熔体/岩浆的相互作用常被用来解释蛇绿岩套橄榄岩、造山带橄榄岩、超镁铁质侵入杂岩体、地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中某些具有不平衡结构和矿物组成的岩石的形成过程。橄榄岩-熔体的反应主要有两种方式,即消耗橄榄石(和单斜辉石)生成斜方辉石或消耗斜方辉石生成橄榄石(和单斜辉石)。反应的结果不仅造成矿物百分含量的变化,而且造成矿物组成的变化;后者更重要但未引起足够的重视。华北东部中生代玄武质岩石中具有环带状结构的橄榄石和辉石捕虏晶,特别是具有环带状结构的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,暗示这种橄榄岩-熔体的相互作用在华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔中很可能普遍存在,为岩石圈地幔组成转变和快速富集的重要方式。这是全球首例由橄榄岩-熔体相互反应造成的岩石圈地幔大规模的组成变化。反应熔体来源途径主要有地壳来源和软流圈地幔来源。来源不同的熔体与橄榄岩的反应造成的组成变化完全不同。 相似文献
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在日本北海道神居古潭构造带岩内岳地方的橄榄岩体中,首次发现了作为阿尔卑新型超镁铁质岩类、含富镁铁橄榄石相钙镁橄榄石的钻毒砂。这种矿物的形成,据认为是由于局部氧化作用,及岩石中可使Ca/Si比增加的交代作用的结果。 相似文献
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新疆巴楚地区金伯利质角砾橄榄岩物质组成及含矿性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文讨论出露于新疆巴楚瓦吉里塔格地区的一种角砾状超镁铁岩,其结构、成分复杂,由超镁铁岩包体、斑晶（或捕晶）及基质三部分构成。超镁铁岩包体常见单辉辉石岩、纯橄岩,其次有少量橄榄辉石岩。研究表明均属基性岩浆结晶岩,本次研究未见幔源橄榄岩包体;斑晶主要为橄榄石,次为金云母,基质由微晶（10~40μm）单斜辉石、钙铁榴石、钙钛矿、磁铁矿（或含钛磁铁矿）、蛇纹石、碳酸盐及金属硫化物等组成;捕晶包括单斜辉石、褐色角闪石、磷灰石、含钛磁铁矿等。多种地球化学判别图均指示其属金伯利岩类,但低MgO和低Mg#比值、高TFe2O3和CaO等区别于世界典型金伯利岩。与典型金伯利岩有相似之处,该类岩石均具有向右陡倾的REE配分型式,但（La/Yb）n比值略偏低;微量元素蛛网图也与典型金伯利岩基本一致,仅显示更加富集不相容元素,具有更显著K, Ti负异常,且部分样品出现Rb, Zr, P负异常,指示其源区地幔交代程度偏低。鉴于岩石的产状、结构构造、矿物组合和地球化学性质近似于金伯利岩,但缺少高铬铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿等金伯利岩指示矿物,故不属典型的金伯利岩,可称之为金伯利质角砾橄榄岩。就少量研究样品所示信息,该类岩石不具有寻找金刚石的潜在远景,但鉴于巴楚及邻区尚有许多角砾状超镁铁岩岩墙和岩脉出露,该区金刚石成矿条件有待更进一步的研究。 相似文献
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(一)上地幔中为啥是二辉橄榄岩? 前人资料中指出:二辉橄榄岩代表了上地幔超镁铁质岩石的总成分。笔者认为言之有理,因为二辉橄榄岩在超镁铁质岩石中属于中间类型,它既有多量的辉石(5—90％或25—70％),又有多量的橄榄石(95—10％或75—30％),而且辉石中既有斜方辉石又有单斜辉石。它的形成环境为高温、高压、极低的应变速率。而且主要为比较均匀的静压环境。它的形成历史漫长,先为岩浆熔融体,后来逐渐变为固态或塑性体。这样的岩石在超镁铁岩的初期分异最差,矿物的分布也比较均匀,就其矿物的含量比例而言,相当于二辉橄榄岩类型,所以上地幔中超镁铁质岩石的总成分可以由二辉橄榄岩作为它的代表。 相似文献
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红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木陆块北部的欧龙布鲁克微陆块东北缘,呈岩墙状,出露面积约0.1km~2,由方辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、暗色橄榄辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长岩等组成,各岩相带在空间上呈渐变过渡关系。电子探针分析结果显示,岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、普通辉石和斜长石,并且各矿物的结晶温度为1 307~1 122℃。岩体钛铁矿化明显,主要金属矿物为钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿和磁铁矿。利用橄榄石Fo最高值反演出原生岩浆MgO含量为8.49%,FeO含量为10.03%,TiO_2含量为1.63%,为普通玄武质岩浆。通过综合研究各矿物形成的温度和氧逸度条件,认为岩浆从橄榄石结晶到普通辉石结晶,其氧逸度是缓慢升高的,并且氧逸度是控制红柳沟北岩体Ti-Fe氧化物结晶的主要因素。 相似文献
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The Zedang and Luobusa ophiolites are located in the eastern section of the Yalung Zangbo ophiolite belt,and they share similar geological tectonic setting and age.Thus,an understanding of their origins is very important for discussion of the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean.There is no complete ophiolite assemblage in the Zedang ophiolite.The Zedang ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotite and a suite of volcanic rocks as well as siliceous rocks,with some blocks of olivinepyroxenite.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of Cpx-harzburgite,harzburgite,some lherzolite,and some dunite.A suite of volcanic rocks is mainly composed of caic-aikaline pyroclastic rocks and secondly of tholeiitic pillow lavas,basaltic andesites,and some boninitic rocks with a lower TiO2 content （TiO2 ＜ 0.6％）.The pyroclastic rocks have a LREE-enriched REE pattern and a LILE-enriched （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,demonstrating an island-arc origin.The tholeiitic volcanic rock has a LREE-depleted REE pattern and a LILE-depleted （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,indicative of an origin from MORB.The boninitic rock was generated from fore-arc extension.The Luobusa ophiolite consists of mantle peridotite and mafic-ultramaflc cumulate units,without dike swarms and volcanic rocks.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite with low-Opx （Opx ＜ 25％）,and harzburgite （Opx ＞ 25％）,which can be divided into two facies belts.The upper is a dunite-harzburgite （Opx ＜ 25％） belt,containing many dunite lenses and a large-scale chromite deposit with high Cr203; the lower is a harzburgite （Opx ＞25％） belt with small amounts of dunite and lherzolite.The Luobusa mantle peridotite exhibits a distinctive vertical zonation of partial melting with high melting in the upper unit and low melting in the lower.Many mantle peridotites are highly depleted,with a characteristic U-shaped REE pattern peculiar to fore-arc peridotite.The Luobusa cumulates are composed of wehrlite and olivine-pyroxenite,of the P-P-G ophiolite series.This study indicates that the Luobusa ophiolite was formed in a fore-arc basin environment on the basis of the occurrence of highly depleted mantle peridotite,a high-Cr2O3 chromite deposit,and cumulates of the P-P-G ophiolite series.We conclude that the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean involved three stages：the initial ocean stage （formation of MORB volcanic rock and dikes）,the forearc extension stage （formation of high-Cr203 chromite deposits and P-P-G cumulates）,and the islandarc stage （formation of caic-alkaline pyroclastic rocks）. 相似文献
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福建漳州牛头山火山地质公园火山喷发层序及岩相 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
牛头山火山地质公园位于风景壮观秀丽的闽南漳州市海滨，构造位置处于平潭一东山北东向断裂带中段，火山口坐落在龙海市隆教乡白塘村附近，涨潮时古火山口部分被海水淹没成为孤立于海中的小岛，退潮时，火山口全貌再露海面，火山口附近有一深槽（凹地），直径约8m，低于周围岩石3m，火山岩地层为新第三纪佛昙组上段玄武岩，根据岩性分布特征及岩石结构构造和岩层的产状等。可划分为喷溢相和火山颈相，是省内保存较完好的新生代古火山机构。 相似文献
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广泛分布于中国西南川、滇、黔三省的峨眉山玄武岩是我国最早被国际认可的大火成岩省,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。前人对大火成岩省西区玄武岩已达成多项共识,而对东区玄武岩的岩石组合、火山活动时限、岩石成因等方面还存在诸多争议。本文以峨眉山大火成岩省东区贵州普安玄武岩系为研究对象,通过解析典型剖面,明确该区玄武岩系岩石类型从底到顶总体为第1旋回的爆发相火山角砾岩、第2旋回的溢流相玄武岩以及第3旋回的火山沉积相凝灰岩。玄武岩系顶部凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果限定了大火成岩省东区火山活动时间持续上限为250 Ma。主微量元素显示该区玄武岩系以高Ti碱性玄武岩为主。玄武岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化为轻稀土元素富集的右倾曲线模式,Rb和Sr亏损、Ba和Hf富集等特征与贵州地区玄武岩、峨眉山大火成岩省西区高Ti玄武岩以及OIB地球化学特征基本一致。微量元素显示该区玄武岩源区可能为受交代的石榴石地幔橄榄岩,由深部地幔柱上升至石榴石橄榄岩稳定区部分熔融产生熔融体,和富集交代流体的大陆岩石圈地幔混合形成,岩浆上升运移过程中发生了一定程度分离结晶作用和微弱地壳混染作用。研究表明,峨眉山大火成岩省东区普安玄武岩系形成于峨眉山地幔柱边部埋深较大、低程度部分熔融以及高压的环境。 相似文献
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New analyses for AU, Ir, Pd and Pt in the USGS rock standard PCC-1, carried out by two different radiochemical neutron activation procedures, are compared with similar analyses of a spinifex-textured komatiitic peridotite. Better precision obtained for most of these elements on the komatiitic peridotite, in conjunction with consideration of literature values for PCC-1, suggest that the volcanic peridotite is characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of noble metals than PCC-1, a plutonic peridotite. These results suggest that reference materials for the analysis of sulfur-poor mafic and ultramafie rocks with background levels of noble metals will be more satisfactory if volcanic rocks are selected. 相似文献
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工农超镁铁-镁铁岩带由橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩及基性火山岩组成,以构造岩片状产于工农断裂中,无就地分异现象。围岩中无明显热变质显示。橄榄岩的m/f比值为9.04~9.48,属镁质超镁铁岩。从超镁铁岩到镁铁岩,常量元素、稀土元素、微量元素有规律地变化,反映出岩石由同源岩浆分异而成。结合区域地质背景分析,工农超镁铁-镁铁岩是金沙江小洋盆向西俯冲消减过程中,攀天阁—崔依比弧间或弧后盆地扩张的产物,属科迪勒拉型蛇绿岩。 相似文献
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内蒙古正镶白旗碎斑熔岩岩石学特征及其岩相划分 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
白旗碎斑熔岩为不规则穹状体,可分为边缘玻质碎斑熔岩、过渡霏细碎斑熔岩、中心粒状碎斑熔岩和根部花岗斑岩四个岩性带。从玻质碎斑熔岩到粒状碎斑熔岩,斑晶碎裂度逐渐减弱,珠边结构在粒状碎斑熔岩中最发育,根部花岗斑岩与正常次火山岩相近。碎斑熔岩中钾长石有序度低,指示了岩石高温成因特征。白旌碎斑熔岩属太平洋岩系钙碱质系列,原始岩浆由来源于上地幔和下地壳熔体的混熔作用形成。 相似文献
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Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa 总被引：75，自引：0，他引：75
Laboratory experiments on natural, hydrous basalts at 1–4 GPa constrain the composition of “unadulterated” partial melts of eclogitized oceanic crust within downgoing lithospheric slabs in subduction zones. We complement the “slab melting” experiments with another set of experiments in which these same “adakite” melts are allowed to infiltrate and react with an overlying layer of peridotite, simulating melt:rock reaction at the slab–mantle wedge interface. In subduction zones, the effects of reaction between slab-derived, adakite melts and peridotitic mantle conceivably range from hybridization of the melt, to modal or cryptic metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle, depending upon the “effective” melt:rock ratio. In experiments at 3.8 GPa, assimilation of either fertile or depleted peridotite by slab melts at a melt:rock ratio 2:1 produces Mg-rich, high-silica liquids in reactions which form pyrope-rich garnet and low-Mg# orthopyroxene, and fully consume olivine. Analysis of both the pristine and hybridized slab melts for a range of trace elements indicates that, although abundances of most trace elements in the melt increase during assimilation (because melt is consumed), trace element ratios remain relatively constant. In their compositional range, the experimental liquids closely resemble adakite lavas in island-arc and continental margin settings, and adakite veins and melt inclusions in metasomatized peridotite xenoliths from the sub-arc mantle. At slightly lower melt:rock ratios (1:1), slab melts are fully consumed, along with peridotitic olivine, in modal metasomatic reactions that form sodic amphibole and high-Mg# orthopyroxene. 相似文献