共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
针对柴窝堡盆地与河谷区水资源开发过程中引起的水质恶化,湖泊面积萎缩及生态环境恶化等一系列问题,设计了地下水开发的情景模拟方案:现状开采方案,增加补给量方案,减少开采量方案和增补减采联合方案。运用柴窝堡盆地与河谷区数值模型对这些方案进行了模拟,分析了各种开采方案下地下水水均衡状态以及地下水水位的动态变化。结果表明:增补减采联合方案既实现了最大开采量的目标,又保证了最小入湖量和最低水位的约束条件,是可持续开发方案。因而,柴窝堡盆地与河谷区水资源开发利用的重点应放在恢复天然河道水流增加地下水的补给量,充分利用地下水库的调蓄功能保证城市供水安全,同时改善水生态环境。 相似文献
2.
地下水可持续开采量的确定与评价既是合理开发地下水资源的基础,又是水文地质学研究中的难点.为克服没有统一的评价标准以及对众多约束条件难以定量化计算的难点,本文从提高流域内整体水资源的利用率出发,综合考虑了流域水资源整体开发利用效益和生态环境需水,以及人工调蓄作用对地下水系统的影响作用,提出了流域地下水可持续开采量的概念;论述了所提出概念的内涵;建立了由流域水循环模拟模型、水资源开发综合效益模型和可持续开采量优化模型组成的流域地下水可持续开采量的评价体系,将流域水循环模拟模型作为研究平台,以水资源开发的综合效益模型作为选优依据,以不同生态环境需水条件为约束条件,对施加其上的各种不同调控措施进行模拟,最后通过性价比的综合分析与评估,得到可持续开发方案下的流域地下水可持续开采量.以吉林省饮马河流域为例展开实例应用,确定饮马河流域最满意的开发模式下,即水库高比例供水(水库供水4.850×108m3),保证河道适宜生态需水时,饮马河流域地下水可持续开采量为2.516×108m3/a. 相似文献
3.
汪民 《水文地质工程地质》2010,37(5):1-7
乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原局部地区出现了地下水水位下降和生态环境退化等问题。为了实现地下水可持续开发利用,结合《乌鲁木齐市水资源综合规划报告》和《米东新区水资源规划报告》设计了现状开采方案、增加补给量方案、减少开采量方案和增加补给量与减少开采量联合方案。运用北部平原地下水非稳定流模型对这四个地下水开发情景模拟方案进行了模拟,模拟的时间段为2007～2050年。对预测期间地下水水位的动态变化、地下水水位降深及水均衡进行了分析,确定了增加补给量与减少开采量联合方案是乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原地下水的可持续开采方案。实施该方案应从北水南调引0.7×108m3/a地表水用于北部倾斜平原的农业灌溉,同时要减少地下水超采地区的地下水开采量0.50×108 m3/a。 相似文献
4.
乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原局部地区出现了地下水水位下降和生态环境退化等问题。为了实现地下水可持续开发利用,结合《乌鲁木齐市水资源综合规划报告》和《米东新区水资源规划报告》设计了现状开采方案、增加补给量方案、减少开采量方案和增加补给量与减少开采量联合方案。运用北部平原地下水非稳定流模型对这四个地下水开发情景模拟方案进行了模拟,模拟的时间段为2007～2050年。对预测期间地下水水位的动态变化、地下水水位降深及水均衡进行了分析,确定了增加补给量与减少开采量联合方案是乌鲁木齐河流域北部平原地下水的可持续开采方案。实施该方案应从北水南调引0.7×108m3/a地表水用于北部倾斜平原的农业灌溉,同时要减少地下水超采地区的地下水开采量0.50×108 m3/a。 相似文献
5.
在水文地质勘探试验的基础上,正确圈定出地下水最佳的开采地段。利用地下水模拟模型和水资源平衡模型,反复计算、验证地下水补给量和可开采量,再利用供需平衡模型,确定出地下水开采量并编制地下水开采规模。 相似文献
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7.
近十年来，智利Santiago地区的地下水使用量在显著地增长，因此需要准确评价Santiago谷地上部含水层的地下水供水能力。为了确定水的可持续开采量，进行了该含水层特性的研究。利用最近48年不同开采方案下的补给资料，应用数值模型模拟了水位埋深。利用这些地下水水位数据，通过拟合时间系列模型和交叉理论确定了地下水水位概率分布函数，并评价了开采量。应用这些信息，能够评估可持续开采量不能满足地下水供水要求的风险，90％保证率下的可持续开采量仅占要求水量的67％，并且，所得到的结果表明该方法能够确定地下水的保证率。 相似文献
8.
地下水过量开采已经引起北京平原地下水位持续下降,降落漏斗逐年扩大以及一系列环境问题。控制地下水开采,增加地下水补给以达到地下水可持续开采应当成为北京市水资源管理的重要任务。本文根据北京市中长期供水规划、水资源特点和地下水开采现状设计了4种地下水开发利用开采方案:即维持现状开采、增加补给量、减少开采量以及联合方案。运用已建北京平原地下水数值模拟模型对4个方案进行了模拟,分析了地下水系统水均衡量变化,地下水流场变化以及地下水动态变化,以此确定可能的可持续开发方案。结果表明,维持现状开采必将使含水层地下水疏干;增补和减开单独实施虽能改善现状,但难以实现。只有应用增补和减开的联合方案,才有可能实现地下水可持续开发。其为北京平原地下水资源的合理开发提供重要的依据。 相似文献
9.
可靠度分析在确定地下水允许开采量中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于地下水实际开采量超过允许开采量时将引起不良环境地质问题的前提，利用水均衡原则建立有限状态方程，并应用改进一次二阶矩法进行可靠度分析，确定地下水的允许开采量。结果表明，用可靠度分析确定的地下水可开采量要比传统方法确定的更精确和符合实际情况，可靠度分析为地下水资源评价提供了一种有效方法。 相似文献
10.
地下水可持续开采量评价的前沿问题 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
地下水可持续开采量是允许开采量发展的必然,与允许开采量不同,地下水可持续开采量突出了环境因素,同时强调了地下水资源的可更新和可持续利用性。地下水可持续开采量评价是实现地下水可持续利用的前提。本文在综合调研基础上,探讨了地下水可持续开采量的内涵与特点,分别从地下水更新能力、环境需水、动态性等方面,综述了目前国内外实现地下水可持续开采量评价的前沿问题及发展动态。 相似文献
11.
淄博市大武水源地地下水水位总体预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用水均衡法对淄博市大武水源地地下水位变动进行研究，并对降水量与人渗补给量的关系以及平均给水度随地下水位的变化关系进行了分析。通过历史资料的验证，表明本文所建立的水均衡模型对于地下水位变动的预测是可靠的，而且简单可行，随后根据不同的地下水开采量等对未来地下水位的变动趋势进行了预测。 相似文献
12.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):113-123
Regional aridity is increasing under global climate change, and therefore the sustainable use of water resources has drawn attention from scientists and the public. Land-use changes can have a significant impact on groundwater recharge in arid regions, and quantitative assessment of the impact is key to sustainable groundwater resources management. In this study, the changes of groundwater recharge after the conversion of natural lands to croplands were investigated and compared in inland and arid region, i.e., the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain. Stable isotopes suggest that soil water in topsoil (< 2 m) has experienced stronger evaporation under natural lands than croplands, and then moves downward as a piston flow. Recharge was estimated by the tracer-based mass balance method, i.e., chloride and sulfate. Recharge rates under natural conditions estimated by the chloride mass balance (CMB) method were estimated to be 0.07 mm/a in deserts and 0.4 mm/a in oases. In contrast, the estimated groundwater recharge ranged from 61.2 mm/a to 44.8 mm/a in croplands, indicating that groundwater recharge would increase significantly after land changes from natural lands to irrigated croplands in arid regions. Recharge estimated by the sulfate mass balance method is consistent with that from the CMB method, indicating that sulfate is also a good tracer capable of estimating groundwater recharge. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of groundwater resource potential by using water balance model: A case of Upper Gilgel Gibe Watershed,Ethiopia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Abebe Wondmagegn Taye 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):209-222
Groundwater resource potential is the nation’s primary freshwater reserve and accounts for a large portion of potential future water supply. This study focused on quantifying the groundwater resource potential of the Upper Gilgel Gibe watershed using the water balance method. This study began by defining the project area’s boundary, reviewing previous works, and collecting valuable primary and secondary data. The analysis and interpretation of data were supported by the application of different software like ArcGIS 10.4.1. Soil water characteristics of SPAW (Soil-plant-air-water) computer model, base flow index (BFI+3.0), and the water balance model. Estimation of the areal depth of precipitation and actual evapotranspiration was carried out through the use of the isohyetal method and the water balance model and found to be 1 664.5 mm/a and 911.6 mm/a, respectively. A total water volume of 875 829 800 m3/a is estimated to recharge the aquifer system. The present annual groundwater abstraction is estimated as 10 150 000 m3/a. The estimated specific yield, exploitable groundwater reserve, and safe yield of the catchment are 5.9%, 520 557 000 m3/a, and 522 768 349 m3/a respectively. The total groundwater abstraction is much less than the recharge and the safe yield of the aquifer. The results show that there is a sufficient amount of groundwater in the study area, and the groundwater resources of the area are considered underdeveloped. 相似文献
14.
Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(3):719-728
Numerical models are capable of simulating various groundwater scenarios and relate it towards groundwater management. This
paper focuses on numerical modeling and water balance approaches in the search for a sustainable management plan in Manukan
Island. The impacts of pumping and recharge rates represented by groundwater scenarios were investigated by means of hydraulic
heads, chloride concentrations and water balance components. Overpumping and inconsistency in recharge rate are the stresses
shown in Scenario A. Scenario B involved with reduction pumping rate by 25% has shown an increase in groundwater levels, chloride
concentration and groundwater storage. Scenario C showed the most promising finding compared with Scenarios A and B. Highest
hydraulic heads, lowest chloride concentration (1,552.2 mg/L) and positive groundwater storage (254.3 m3/day) were obtained in Scenario C. Chloride concentration in pumping wells still exceeds World Health Organization International
Standard limit in Scenario C which illustrates an additional water treatment is needed. Nevertheless, in view of a compromise
groundwater management plan in study area, Scenario C is the best plan so far to protect the groundwater resources in the
study area. More understanding of the artificial recharge method (percolation tank) and study site by means of modeling studies
is needed. Additionally, further progress is needed in obtaining the water usage data from each part to determine the best
pumping rate. A sustainable groundwater management plan is crucial to maintain the natural resources and social benefits as
well as to protect the ecological balance of Manukan Island. 相似文献
15.
华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近万年以来华北平原地下水演化经历了百年、千年尺度的早全新世增雨、中全新世多雨和晚全新世干旱频发过程, 地下水净补给与降水、蒸发及径流之间水分通量随之变化, 并且在时空上呈现明显的差异性。基于全新世以来华北平原浅部地下水循环演化过程中水量均衡, 280~350 mm年降水量是阈值。当小于该阈值时, 地下水系统呈现负均衡; 现阶段不是区域地下水净补给最少时期, 而是处于全新世多年平均水平。目前, 华北平原区域地下水位不断下降是人类耗用地下水的强度远超过自然水循环的更新能力所致, 急需规范人类用水行为。 相似文献
16.
北京市平原区地下水更新能力变化的动态均衡证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对北京市地下水更新能力的时空变化进行分析,为地下水资源管理提供依据。用地下水动态均衡法对北京市平原区地下水,尤其是开采层地下水的补给量、更新周期、更新速率和补给速率等参数做了计算,进而对地下水更新能力及其时空变化做评价和分析。研究结果表明：在自然状态下,地下水更新能力总体上自山前至平原区腹地由强变弱,但总体上更新能力较强;含水层接受外来水源补给的边界条件和赋水条件良好,降水量的多寡是影响地下水更新能力的瓶颈因素;2001－2008年的地下水平均补给速率（0.28 m/a）比1981－2000年减少了35.6%,更新能力明显减弱;近些年地下水开采强度连年大于其更新能力,导致与自然状态下相比地下水位埋深平均下降幅度已达19.73 m,含水层中地下水减少量达101×108 m3。以上证据表明,在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,北京市未来的地下水资源可持续供水问题十分严峻。 相似文献
17.
Sergey Grinevskiy Elena Filimonova Victor Sporyshev Vsevolod Samartsev Sergey Pozdniakov 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(8):2753-2767
Groundwater pumping and changes in climate-induced recharge lead to lower groundwater levels and significant changes in the water balance of a catchment. Water previously discharged as evapotranspiration can become a source of pumpage. Neglecting this effect leads to overestimated streamflow depletion. A small river basin (Sudogda River Basin, Russia) with a boreal climate and with long-term records of groundwater head and streamflow rate (showing that the measured stream depletion is less than the pumping rate) was investigated. The role of evapotranspiration in the water balance was analyzed by a hydrogeological model using MODFLOW-2005 with the STR package; the annual variation in recharge was obtained with the codes Surfbal and HYDRUS. The Sudogda River Basin was classified according to landscape and unsaturated-zone texture classes, and for each classified zone, the unsaturated-zone flow simulation was used to calculate the annual recharge dynamics for the observation period. Calibration of the regional flow model was conducted using flow and head observations jointly for two steady-state flow conditions—natural (before pumping started) and stressed (pumping). The simulations showed that pumped water originates from three sources: intercepted baseflow (75% of the annual total pumping rate), the capture of groundwater evapotranspiration discharge plus increased groundwater recharge (17%), and induced stream infiltration (8%). Additionally, multi-year precipitation records were analyzed to detect any long-term recharge and pumping water-budget changes. The results showed that increasing groundwater recharge by natural precipitation leads to (1) decreased intercepted baseflow and induced streamflow infiltration and (2) increased intercepted evapotranspiration discharge, thereby reducing stream depletion. 相似文献
18.
山东省集雨增补地下水与水资源可持续利用探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析了山东省水资源特点、开发利用状况以及水资源持续利用所面临的形势，在阐述山东省降雨、地理等自然特点的基础上，认为集雨增补地下水是实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径，提出了集雨增补地下水的技术措施。 相似文献