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1.
根据已有研究将黄土高原按地貌及土的性质分为8个区,在各区现场识别出极限状态边坡,共测得510个极限状态黄土边坡断面,分区建立坡高与坡宽的拟合方程。取极限状态边坡的稳定系数Fs=1.0,基于拟合方程给出的坡高和坡度,用Morgenstern-Price法逐级反演获得各区20~120 m坡高的综合c、φ值。结果表明,随着边坡高度增加,c值线性增高,φ值非线性减小,并基于三轴试验结果揭示了该现象的本质是强度参数随应力变化的体现。不同高度边坡的反演结果都表明,黄土高原自西向东,自北而南,c值增大,φ值减小,这一变化规律与其成分及物理性质反映的特点一致。 相似文献
2.
高地应力软岩隧道围岩流变效应明显,形变压力导致的仰拱和边墙连接处的应力集中是导致隧道底鼓破坏的重要原因,合理的隧道断面形态有利于减小应力集中,保证隧道长期安全运营。在考虑软岩流变效应的情况下,以有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,通过Python编程实现隧道断面参数化设计和有限元计算,基于结合罚函数的Nelder-Mead函数建立隧道断面优化算法,并以隧道开挖面积,隧道最大仰拱隆起,围岩蠕变损伤区面积,衬砌最大轴力和衬砌最大弯矩为优化目标,对宜-巴（宜昌至巴东）高速峡口隧道断面形态进行优化,为高地应力软岩隧道断面设计提供科学指导。 相似文献
3.
用常规的分段求和法完成标准U形断面渠槽水面线计算不但存在误差累积而且计算工作量大、效率低。依据优化拟合理论,以标准剩余差最小为目标函数,在工程适用参数范围内,经拟合计算获得了由一个简化通用算式替代原积分中的分段且不可积函数,并通过积分获得了该种断面水面线的解析计算模型,且由于正、负拟合误差的相互抵消,使最终计算成果的精度进一步提高。利用该模型完成标准U形断面水面线计算可使求解过程大大简化,工作效率明显提高,具有实用推广意义。 相似文献
4.
城市地铁隧道开挖引起过大的地表沉降会对隧道工程本身及地表建筑物造成危害。有效预计并合理控制隧道开挖引起的地表沉降具有重要的实践意义。以武汉地铁虎名区间隧道开挖工程为背景,运用有限元数值模拟软件MIDAS/GTS建立隧道断面开挖的数值模型,计算隧道开挖引起的地表沉降量,与实测沉降量进行拟合; 根据隧道开挖过程中对应地表及临近建筑物的实际情况,优化开挖断面围岩预处理方案,建立优化后的断面开挖模型。模拟结果表明,优化后地表沉降仍在安全范围内,可以为类似工程沉降控制提供参考。 相似文献
5.
基于乌鞘岭隧道几种典型断面优化的结果,运用有限差分程序FLAC3D,对支护结构的锚杆参数进一步进行优化,包括锚杆的最优长度、横向间距和纵向间距等.研究表明,隧道的拱顶下沉量随锚杆长度的增加而逐渐减小.隧道的拱顶下沉量和墙腰收敛值随锚杆横向间距或者纵向间距的增加而增大,而且当锚杆横向间距超过0.8 m或者纵向间距超过1 m后,锚杆的作用就不明显了. 相似文献
6.
地震动作用下小净距隧道双洞之间存在动力放大效应,依托某强震区小净距盾构隧道工程,基于傅里叶贝塞尔级数展开法,给出了平面P波垂直入射下地下半空间弹性介质中圆形双洞复合式衬砌洞室动应力解析解,深入研究了洞室间距、隧道全环注浆加固参数对衬砌动应力集中的影响。研究表明：洞室间距对衬砌的动应力有显著影响,随着洞室之间距离减小,左右洞室衬砌动应力明显放大;2.5倍洞径可以作为双洞洞室动力临界净距,当洞室间距小于2.5倍洞径时,应进行抗减震设计;注浆全环加固隧道周边土体,可以明显降低衬砌动应力,随着注浆加固区土体刚度增加,衬砌动应力幅值减小;结合工程实际,建议注浆加固区厚度取0.5倍的洞室半径值,加固区岩体和围岩剪切波速度之比取1.2。 相似文献
7.
在新奥法隧道施工中,隧道位移监测对于评价围岩稳定性和支护结构合理性起重要作用。目前大都采用AR模型对隧道位移进行时间序列分析,避开了非线性估计,致使拟合精度和模型实用性较差。为此,介绍了具有较高预测精度和较好适用条件的ARMA模型及其常用参数估计方法,基于其参数非线性估计带来的不便性,提出一种ARMA模型参数估计近似线性方法,把残差用Taylor级数一阶展开,将非线性估计线性化,用线性最小二乘法估计参数最终值。用该方法对重庆市大足县南环二路南山隧道位移监测数据进行时间序列建模分析,预测与实测值吻合较好,证明了该方法的实用性。 相似文献
8.
本文对工程测试数据的常用异常值判别方法作简要的论述，分析了其优缺点；根据土性参数的特点，说明判别方法在处理土性参数粗差方面的局限性，并作了改进；提出利用极值对方差的影响来确定异常值。 相似文献
9.
隧道衬砌结构内力计算中,围岩的力学参数和结构的参数具有不确定性,同时,其不确定性是有界的。对于这些参数的不确定性,在工程上可以用一个合理的区间数值来估计。对于单个随机变量,可以采用有限元方程来求解结构内力;而对于多个随机变量的情况,考虑到计算模型的不确定性和数学求解的复杂性,利用有限元程序来导出各变量对结构内力的作用效应,进而得到不同参数组合的区间值,最终确定隧道衬砌的结构内力区间值,为隧道衬砌结构内力的计算和工程应用提供一种新方法。 相似文献
10.
管道中固液两相流水击对管道和输送系统可能产生严重的破坏,而固液两相在这种非恒定流中的运动特性是计算最大水击压力变化的重要依据。采用粒子图像测速技术（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）,通过试验研究水击发生时,水平圆管中不同平均流速、颗粒粒径条件下,流体介质和粗颗粒在管道断面的速度分布以及粗颗粒跟随性的变化规律。研究结果表明:①在水击发生的不同时刻,圆管流中粗颗粒的流速在管道断面分布呈不规则的抛物线型分布,主要表现为靠近管道壁面底部的颗粒流速略小于靠近管道顶部流速,当颗粒粒径大于1.5 mm,平均流速小于2.5 m/s时,粗颗粒表现出明显的沉降特性;②粗颗粒的跟随性与颗粒受力有密切关系,其中颗粒速度与流体速度的变化量是影响颗粒受力的重要参数;③基于试验数据拟合得到了水击条件下粗颗粒跟随性系数k的经验公式,并分析了颗粒粒径、管道直径、两相流平均流速以及水击发生时间等不同参数对粗颗粒跟随性系数的影响,公式计算值与实测值之间的误差在5%以内。 相似文献
11.
Many rocks contain ellipsoidal objects (such as pebbles or reduction zones) which display a variety of shapes and orientations. In deformed rocks such objects may be used for strain analysis by using the concept of an average ellipsoid (here called the “fabric ellipsoid”). Two fabric ellipsoids are defined which are the results of two different algebraic averaging processes. During deformation of ellipsoidal distributions, the fabric ellipsoids change as if they were themselves material ellipsoids and are therefore of fundamental importance in strain analysis.In most studies to date, such 3-D fabric ellipsoids have been obtained from 2-D average ellipses determined on section planes cut through the rock sample. Previous work has assumed that the average ellipses will approximate to section through a single fabric ellipsoid. I show here that this is not the case as sectioning introduces a systematic bias into the section ellipse data. This bias is distinct from the statistical errors (due to finite sample size and measurement errors) discussed in other work and must be considered in any method of strain analysis using section planes. 相似文献
12.
在采用双侧壁导坑法施工的双向八车道特大断面连拱隧道中,施工步繁多,临时支护设置的时间长,隧道全断面的变形量测只能在临时支护拆除后进行。由于全断面变形数据获取得较晚,故较难将其用于围岩力学参数的反演。将有限元计算和BP神经网络技术相结合,并在有限元计算过程中考虑实际的施工步,建立起所有临时支护拆除之前这一施工状态下导坑的变形量与围岩力学参数之间的非线性映射关系,并通过对应状态下实测的导坑变形值反演了围岩的力学参数。将反演的结果用于正分析验算,验证了该方法是可行的。 相似文献
13.
The response of a massif to stresses generated by tunnel excavation depends essentially on the geological conditions, the geometry of the tunnel and its underground position. The major problem related to the construction of these structures is to ensure the stability of the whole tunnel-ground, by controlling the various deformation generated during the construction. In this context, the present paper examines the effect of these conditions on the behavior of tunnels and the surrounding soil. The study is applied to a real tunnel, in this case the tunnel of Djebel El Ouahch, Algeria was taken as a reference model. The research includes a parametric study to evaluate the effect of several parameters on the behavior of the tunnel and surrounding soil such as the tunnel anchoring depth, the tunnel-soil interface rate, and the shape of the tunnel cross section. The analysis is performed using the PLAXIS 3D TUNNEL calculation code with an elastoplastic Mohr–coulomb model for the soil behavior. The results show that the strongest and most stable position is the mid-deep tunnel with a circular section, with a non-slip interface between the tunnel and the ground. These outcomes can help to understand the effects of various influences parameters which control the stability of the tunnel in a soil with bad characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Accurate estimation of geotechnical parameters is an important and difficult task in tunnel design and construction. Optimum evaluation of the geotechnical parameters have been carried out by the back‐analysis method based on estimated absolute convergence data. In this study, a back‐analysis technique using measured relative convergence in tunnelling is proposed. The extended Bayesian method (EBM), which combines the prior information with the field measurement data, is adopted and combined with the 3‐dimensional finite element analysis to predict ground motion. By directly using the relative convergence as observation data in the EBM, we can exclude errors that arise in the estimation of absolute displacement from measured convergence, and can evaluate the geotechnical parameters with sufficient reliability. The proposed back‐analysis technique is applied and validated by using the measured data from two tunnel sites in Korea. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
In the highway tunnel project, due to the uncertainty and complexity of geotechnical parameters, it is difficult to design and optimize the anchorage parameters. In order to solve this problem, based on the Zhenfengling tunnel project as the research object, 3D tunnel model was established by ANSYS software, the model was imported into FLAC3D software for numerical analysis and calculation for the displacement and stress of surrounding rock during construction, using orthogonal experiment methods to analyze factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock. The influence of anchor length, anchor spacing, anchor diameter, the thickness and elastic modulus of spray layer on the displacement of arch waist, arch crown and arch bottom of the tunnel was obtained by using range and variance analysis. The regression model of the relationship between arch surrounding rock displacements and anchorage parameters was determined by fitting regression. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the anchorage parameters in combination with the tunnel section cost formula, and the parameters were compared with those not optimized. Finally, the anchor length is designed as 3 m, the anchor spacing is designed as 1.4 m, the anchor diameter is designed as 21 mm, the thickness of spray layer is designed as 24 cm, and the elastic modulus of spray layer is designed as 24 GPa. The stability requirements can be met, and the economic efficiency is also greatly improved. The cost of support with optimized parameters is 19.4% lower than that of the original design parameters. 相似文献
16.
Stress reduction factor, λ, is a dimensionless coefficient in two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on convergence confinement method (CCM) of tunnel which represents stress relaxation in the tunnel walls at different excavation steps. The aim of this paper is to look into the influencing factors on parameter λ around the tunnel walls using finite difference code in order to improve the accuracy of the CCM. For this purpose, four different ground types with various tunnel radii, depths and cross section shapes are considered. Finally, the 2D analysis using uniform and variable stress reduction factors determined in this paper is compared with the 3D analysis of the tunnel. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the role of geometrical and soil material parameters of tunnel on stress relaxation around tunnel walls. The tunnel depth, soil type and tunnel shape have great influence on λ. Variable stress reduction factor enables the convergence–confinement method to predict the realistic behavior of third dimension of the tunnel and can also be used as the best alternative to 3D models. 相似文献
17.
隧道洞口围岩大多为软弱围岩,加之浅埋、偏压等不良地质地形因素的影响,洞口施工过程中易发生边仰坡的滑塌。厦蓉高速公路水都线的瑞坡隧道在进洞后不久就发生围岩失稳,致使仰坡开裂滑塌和洞内支护变形很大。利用FLAC3D软件模拟了隧道施工全过程,从围岩塑性区分布以及位移情况结合现场实际状况分析了隧道仰坡坍塌和支护变形发生的原因,并通过数值模拟优化了CRD法的开挖工序。最后参考数值分析结果结合工程实际提出了有效的治理措施,得到的结论可供今后类似工程参考与借鉴。 相似文献
18.
福龙路横龙山隧道采用新奥法施工,介绍了横龙山隧道超大断面喇叭口段施工监测对围岩位移及受力变化的监控量测技术,介绍了该项目根据监控量测分析处理结果及时调整隧道预应力锚杆等支护系统设计参数。实施结果表明,周密的施工监控量测及分析工作对于确保隧道的施工安全、支护的经济合理,以及获得可靠的设计参数起到关键作用。 相似文献
19.
为客观评价隧道围岩安全状态,结合围岩岩体结构及地质特征等影响因素,建立隧道围岩安全评价指标体系。用ANP法应用Super Decision软件建立指标因素关联图并计算出各指标权重。在传统TOPSIS法的基础上结合相对熵原理,用Kull-back-Leibler距离计算贴近度,构建隧道围岩安全评价模型。运用该模型对张吉怀铁路兰新乡隧道进口段七处隧道段的围岩进行安全性评价,得出各隧道段围岩安全等级,评价结果切合实际,对隧道施工有一定的指导意义。该评价模型简单可操作,可运用于隧道围岩安全性评价研究中。 相似文献
20.
A method is presented for the determination of the shape and orientation of the ellipse on a central plane section across a triaxial ellipsoid (such as a strain ellipsoid) of known orientation and magnitude. Conditional extremal values of longitudinal strain (λ) are obtained in the plane section and these are the principal axes of the strain ellipse. In solving this variational problem, the arbitrary cosntants (two undetermined Lagrange multipliers) are found to have physical meaning in themselves as proved in a complementary geometric solution. The two roots of the first constant directly determine the magnitude of the principal axes of the strain ellipse in terms of the normal to the cross section. The two arbitrary constants together define shear strains and orientation of these axes. Strain computation uses simple, single-line equations in either frames of strained or unstrained states. 相似文献
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