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1.
地球化学动力学研究现状与趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球化学动力学是地球化学的一个重要分支学科,现在已经成为研究地球化学过程演化发展的必然途径之一。全面总结了国内外地球化学动力学形成发展与研究现状,并指出了地球化学动力学（特别是成矿作用动力学）的某些发展趋势。 相似文献
2.
杜乐天 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1989,(1)
本届学术年会地球化学方面的论文计90篇左右,包括一般理论问题、矿床地球化学、向位素地球化学、实验地球化学、天体地球化学、区域地球化学、勘查地球化学、深部地球化学、构造地球化学与环境地球化学等。一般理论问题自70年代以来,世界各地陆续发现了各类超大型矿床。它们常常不是成带成群而是单独出现,它们有特殊的形成条件和环境,例如多种成矿作用叠加、封闭的聚矿 相似文献
3.
表生地球化学研究现状及进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在界定表生地球化学研究对象及内容的基础上 ,总结了表生地球化学的五种研究方法 ,其中非常规研究方法将占据重要地位 ,整体论是各种研究方法的基础。同时 ,对国内外表生地球化学研究的现状及进展进行综述与分析。区分了狭义表生地球化学与广义表生地球化学的研究范围 ,提出二者协调与整合发展是 2 1世纪表生地球化学研究发展的趋势 ,也是其在地球系统科学研究和实施“可持续发展”战略中发挥重要作用的关键 相似文献
4.
本文对工程地球化学形式进行了分类，它们反映了由人类技术活动对地球化学环境所造成的不同类型的影响。基于已有的知识，对工程地球化学体系和过程的代表类型进行了分析。研究表明，工程地球化学的理论研究和实际应用可能集中于两大方向：（１）研究工程地球化学体系形成和发展的规律。这些体系起源于各种工农业活动与地球化学环境之间的相互作用，通常又是这些互相作用的结果；（２）发展地球化学优化方法来改善地质建造的工程性质 相似文献
5.
环境地球化学基线研究简介 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
作者在文中介绍了地球化学基线提出的背景及定义，阐述了地球化学基线与地球化学背景的区别，标准化方法是目前国际上常用的确定地球化学基线的方法，地球化学基线是判别地球表层物质中元素富集的重要参照基准，通过它可以计算元素的富集系统、地质累积指数，从而进行沉积物中元素分布的地球化学分析和环境污染的球化学分析。 相似文献
6.
深穿透地球化学对比研究两例 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为了寻找隐伏矿床,近些年提出了深穿透地球化学的概念和发展了深穿透地球化学方法。国际勘查地球化学家协会于1997年开始组织实施了“深穿透地球化学对比计划”。这里给出了四种深穿透地球化学方法,包括金属活动态提取方法、酶提取方法、活动金属离子法和电地球化学方法,在中国和美国的两个隐伏矿进行了对比试验,结果表明,深穿透地球化学方法可以在隐伏矿上方有效地发现异常。在干旱荒漠区,由于氧化作用和蒸发作用强烈,地表形成氧化地球化学障和大量盐类的蒸发地球化学障,这些地球化学障可以将深部迁移至地表的含矿信息捕获。因此,用深穿透地球化学的铁锰氧化物膜提取和盐类蒸发障良好导电性能的电提取,可以有效地指示矿体。中国的深穿透地球化学方法在美国内华达Mike金铜矿的效果要优于加拿大的酶提取(EnzymeLeach)和澳大利亚的活动金属离子法(MMI)。 相似文献
7.
城市环境地球化学研究综述 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
近年来地球科学越来越多地面向城市,城市环境受到人类活动的广泛影响,自然及人类活动引起的城市地球化学问题日益受到人们的重视。城市环境地球化学是应用地球化学的原理和方法研究城市生态环境问题,主要研究城市土壤、沉积物、尘埃、地表水、地下水、生物、空气等介质中化学元素及同位素的分布、演化、环境作用及健康效应,重点解决城市地球化学环境质量变化的原理及由此产生的生态环境效应及人体健康效应。城市环境地球化学的主要研究对象是传统工业城市、典型矿业城市及国际化的大都市。在城市地球化学概念出现之后短短的10余年时间内,很多国家开展了城市环境地球化学调查和研究工作,取得了重要的成果和进展,并发展成为环境地球化学与城市环境的重要方向,但仍存在着一定的问题,需要深入研究。目前,城市环境系统的地球化学填图、城市地球化学与环境污染研究、城市地球化学与生态风险研究、城市地球化学与人体健康研究、城市地球化学系统的调控与环境规划等领域是国际城市环境地球化学的热点和前沿。 相似文献
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9.
地球化学环境界面研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作者认为,近代地球化学研究的发展已经较多地注意到环境界面作用,从而在地球科学前沿产生了新的重要分支学科——“环境界面地球化学”。环境界面地球化学作用是在较低温度和压力条件下,有生命物质或有机物质参与的多元、多相热力学和动力学过程。它与固体地球的地球化学、天体化学、外生地球化学有着重要的区别或联系。该文还深入具体地阐述了环境界面地球化学的内涵、研究的目的意义、发展趋势和选题方向。 相似文献
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11.
新一轮全球地球化学填图:中国的机遇和挑战 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
论述从1988年联合国教科文组织相继批准实施国际地球化学填图(IGCP259)和全球地球化学基准(IGCP360)项目以来,中国和欧洲在制定全球地球化学填图的方法指南及技术标准方面作出的决定性贡献。文中指出,中国的"环境地球化学监控网络及动态地球化学填图"项目、欧洲的FOREGS地球化学基准值填图项目为全球其他国家开展类似工作提供了示范,但地球化学家预期10年内获得全球地表地球化学概貌的愿望至今未能实现。挪威和中国的地球化学家通过IAHS/ICCE正在酝酿"Global geochemical mapping and the sediment-bound flux of major world rivers"重大国际合作项目,以开展新一轮全球地球化学填图。通过国际极地年,IPY317项目首先从北极地区启动。新一轮全球地球化学填图项目计划以中国提出的"全球地球化学填图的泛滥平原沉积物采样草案"和挪威提出的"三角洲中河漫滩沉积物的采样草案"作为实施方案,因而巩固和扩大了中国地球化学填图技术在全球的优势地位。论文在分析中国面临的机遇与挑战后,建议政府主管部门对新一轮全球地球化学填图给予优先支持。 相似文献
12.
More than 40 national and regional geochemical mapping projects in the world carried out from 1973 to 1988 do not conform to common standards. In particular they have many analytical deficiencies. In the period 1988 to 1992, the International Geochemical Mapping project （Project 259 of UNESCO＇s IGCP Program） prepared recommendations designed to standardize geochemical mapping methods. The analytical requirements are an essential component of the overall recommendations. They included the following： 71 elements should be analyzed in future mapping projects; the detection limits of trace and ultratrace elements must be lower than the corresponding crustal abundances; and the Chinese GSD and Canadian STSD standard sample series should be used for the correlation of global data. A proposal was also made to collect 5000 composite samples, at very low sampling densities to cover the whole Earth＇s land surface. In 1997 an IUGS Working Group on Global Geochemical Baselines was formed to continue the work which began with IGCP 259. From 1997 up to now, new progress has been made especially in China and FOREGS countries under the aegis of this working group, including the study of suitable sampling media, development of a multi-element analytical system, new proficiency test for selection of competent laboratories and role of wide-spaced mapping in mineral exploration. One of the major problems awaiting solution has been the inability of many laboratories to meet the IGCP recommendations to generate high quality geochemical maps. Fortunately several laboratories in China and Europe have demonstrated an ability to meet the requirements and they will be well placed to render technical assistance to other countries. 相似文献
13.
作指出了1973年至今世界上50余项地球化学填图计划中普遍存在的缺陷大都涉及分析问题。1988－1992年实施的国际地质对比计划IGCP259项目旨在使全世界地球化学填图方法标准化。在此项目中对分析问题提出了若干规定，主要是要求今后的填图计划应统一分析71种元素，痕量及超痕量元素的检出限必须低于相应的地壳丰度值及采用中国的GSD和加拿大的STSD标样系列，以使全球数据可以对比，在其后开始延续至今的全球地球化学填图计划IGCP360，旨在用极低密度采样早日覆盖全球大陆，讨论了正在实行的两种极低密度采样方案，并提出通过极低密度采集地极少量样品示范性实现IGCP259项目对分析要求的具体建议。 相似文献
14.
Xie Xuejing 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1990,39(1-2)
The International Geochemical Mapping (IGM) Project (IGCP 259) is the inevitable outcome of the historical development of geochemical exploration from local to regional and then to national scales. For the successful implementation of this project, its long-term and short-term aims should be clarified and many strategical and tactical problems have to be solved. In this paper, the author lays special emphasis on two problems: (1) obtaining geochemical data for this project that are more informative for mineral exploration, basic geology and environmental study; and (2) methods for rendering the data globally comparable. The experiences of China's Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance (RGNR) Project in dealing with these two critical problems are discussed. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1309-1321
“IGCP” Projects 259 (International Geochemical Mapping) and 360 (Global Geochemical Baseline) under the aegis of UNESCO's International Geochemical Correlation Program made recommendations for standardizing geochemical mapping protocols and for conducting a wide-spaced sampling of the Earth's land surface based on a Global Reference Network of approximately 5000 160×160 km cells. A pilot study has been conducted throughout China during which these recommendations were implemented. During the pilot study, 500 floodplain samples representing drainage basins ranging in area from 1000 to 6000 km2 were collected throughout China and analyzed. The widely spaced sampling used for the pilot study was compared to the very dense sampling (× million samplings of sediment for all of China) used for China's Regional Geochemical National Reconnaissance Program. The geochemical maps generated from the wide-spaced sampling are strikingly similar to those generated from data based on the detailed sampling. Such low density floodplain sampling presents a relatively low-cost way to get a quick overview of the geochemistry of a large area of the Earth's surface. The implementation of this project in the Asia–Pacific region and the problems encountered are discussed in the present paper. 相似文献
16.
The suitability of floodplain sediment as a global sampling medium: evidence from China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Research undertaken by IGCP 259 (International Geochemical Mapping) indicates that wide-spaced sampling is a fundamental concept of international geochemical mapping as it appears to provide the only practical way to obtain a relative rapid (10–20 years) overview of global geochemistry. The main aim of this study is to test the suitability of floodplain sediment as a global sampling medium.Thirteen floodplain sediment samples and 13 stream sediment samples were taken at the exit of 13 super large drainage basins (SCB). The areal extents of these basins are in the order of 1000–10,000 km2. Within each SCB, 3–11 stream sediment samples each representing a component catchment basin (CCB) of 100–1000 km2 were also taken. Fourty nine elements were analyzed. The results were compared with the average values derived from calculating thousands of stream sediment data available from China's National Geochemical Mapping (RGNG) program. Strong similiarities were demonstrated in distribution and trends among the three levels of data. The set of floodplain sediment data shows great coincidence with RGNR stream sediment data. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,59(2):123-146
The Forum of European Geological Surveys (FOREGS) includes representatives from 33 European countries and is responsible for co-ordinating Geological Survey activities in Europe. The FOREGS Geochemistry Task Group was established in 1994 to develop a strategy for the preparation of European geochemical maps following the recommendations of the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) Project 259 ‘International Geochemical Mapping’ (now the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) /International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (IAGC) Working Group on Global Geochemical Baselines).The FOREGS geochemistry programme is aimed at preparing a standardised European geochemical baseline to IGCP-259 standards. The principal aims of this dataset will be for environmental purposes, as a baseline for the assessment of the extent and distribution of contaminated land in the context of variations in the natural geochemical background, but it will also have applications in resource assessment and for the development of policy for the sustainable management of metalliferous mineral and other resources.The first phase of the programme was the compilation of an inventory of geochemical data based on the results of a questionnaire completed by Geological Surveys and related organisations throughout the FOREGS community. The results show that the sample types which have been used most extensively are stream sediment (26% coverage), surface water (19% coverage) and soil (11% coverage). Stream sediments have been collected using a narrow range of mesh sizes (< 150–< 200 μm), but soil samples have been collected according to two different conventions: some surveys used a similar mesh size range to that used for stream sediments while others employed the < 1000 or < 2000 μm fractions traditionally used by soil surveys. Sample densities range from 1 sample per 0.5 km2 to 1 per 3500 km2. Various analytical methods have been used, but most of the available data have been calibrated using international reference materials, and data for the most important of the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) are available for most datasets. Systematic radiometric data are available for only a small proportion of Europe, a situation which compares very unfavourably with that in Australia, North America, the former Soviet Union and many developing countries.Recommendations are made for increasing the compatibility of geochemical methods between national geochemical surveys as a basis for the preparation of a series of European geochemical maps. The next stage of the FOREGS Geochemistry Task Group will be the collection of the Global Reference Network of samples against which to standardise national datasets according to the methods recommended in the final report of the IGCP 259 programme. 相似文献
18.
To develop a technique of implementing global ultra-low density geochemical sampling and as a contribution to the International Geochemical Mapping Program (IGCP Project No. 259), an orientation study in the use of deep (lower-layer) overbank sediments was conducted in Jiangxi Province of Southeast China in 1989–1990. Ninety-four samples were collected at depths of 50 to 120 cm from overbank terraces at an average density of 1 site per 1800 km2. The total area of sampled catchment basins is approximately equivalent to 18% of Jiangxi Province. Most of the samples were collected at outflow sites of catchment basins with areas of 100 to 800 km2. The samples were analyzed for 39 elements.The representativity of wide-spaced lower-layer overbank sediment sampling is discussed from various perspectives; the following features have been observed: (1) Widespaced lower-layer overbank sediment data and the data from China's national geochemical mapping (RGNR) project show similar geochemical patterns for W, Sn, Pb, Cu and Zn. (2) The results of wide-spaced lower-layer overbank sediment sampling demonstrate that catchment basins with areas of 100 to 800 km2 are suitable sample site locations for the global geochemical reference network. (3) Wide-spaced lower-layer overbank sediment sampling is a fast and cost-effective way to identify geochemical provinces and has strategic significance in mineral exploration. (4) There is a significant correlation between the W content of wide-spaced lower-layer overbank sediment samples and the presence of W mineralizations within the catchment basins. (5) The distributions of Ni, Cr and V in wide-spaced lower-layer overbank sediment samples distinctly reveals the boundary between the Yangtze sedimentary platform and the South China Caledonian fold system in Jiangxi Province. (6) Distributions of Rb and Be coincide with the Yanshan granites, which are closely related to the major ore-forming episodes in Jiangxi Province. 相似文献
19.
全球一致性和权威性地球化学观测数据是资源与环境评价的定量标尺。中国实施的"全国地球化学基准计划"作为"全球地球化学基准计划"的一部分,于2008—2014年实施,建立了覆盖全国的地球化学基准网。按照1∶20万图幅为网格单元,在全国1600个网格单元中,共部署3382个汇水域采样基准点,每个基准点同时采集了表层和深层土壤样品,共计采集6617件样品,使用高精度分析技术和严格的质量控制,分析了81个地球化学指标。本文首次给出了全国土壤81个指标地球化学基准值数据,初步阐释了地球化学基准值数据和空间分布特征与地质背景、成矿作用、表生作用以及人类活动的关系。 相似文献
20.
The problem of defining geochemical baselines. A case study of selected elements and geological materials in Finland 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Although the term ‘geochemical baseline’ appears in the international geochemical mapping programmes IGCP 259 and 360, it has never been well defined. Several considerations relevant to such a definition are discussed. A geochemical baseline for an element refers to its natural variations in concentration in the surficial environment. Geochemical baselines were studied in Finland by comparing results from regional geochemical mapping programmes based on samples of till, clay and organic stream sediment. The geochemical background changes regionally with the basic geology and locally with the type and genesis of the overburden. Baseline concentrations depend on sample material collected, grain size and extraction method. In Finland, concentrations of potentially harmful elements tend to be higher in fine-grained marine and lacustrine sediments than in glacial till. Concentrations are also systematically higher in the < 0.06 mm fraction than in the < 2 mm size fraction of till samples. Only small proportions of the total heavy metal concentrations in Finnish marine clays are bioavailable. Geochemical baselines are needed for environmental legislation and political decision-making, especially in the assessment of contaminated soil. In many areas of Finland, natural concentrations of several heavy metals exceed the guide or limit values designated for contaminated soils. Thus baselines must always be verified in any assessment of sites for contamination. 相似文献