共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
以饱和度与有效应力为状态变量,通过引入描述不饱和与饱和土孔隙比差的状态变量,将Zhang等提出的饱和土体应力诱导各向异性动弹塑性本构模型推广到不饱和土体中,使其可描述不饱和土在动力循环荷载作用下的力学特性行为。通过对已有不饱和土体在完全不排水条件下的动三轴试验进行理论模拟,验证了所提出不饱和土本构模型的正确性。最后基于所提出本构模型,讨论了在不排水条件下初始饱和度对不饱和土动力特性研究。结果表明,不饱和土在动力荷载作用下,土体的孔隙比将减少,导致饱和度增加;当初始饱和度较高时,不饱和土会转化为饱和土,从而发生液化现象。该研究成果对研究不饱和土在地震等动力荷载作用下的力学特性行为具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
3.
Michinori Honda Shintaro Ohno Atsushi Iizuka Katsuyuki Kawai Hideki Ohta 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(2):171-180
An evaluation method for the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils is studied in this paper. Although the mechanical behavior
of unsaturated soils is complicated, a simple modeling is preferable in practice. This is because the soil properties are
not homogeneous and ground data is limited when structures are being designed. In addition, in order to evaluate the reliability
of the design, the physical meanings of the parameters applied in the prediction model should be clear. Firstly, the authors
study the relationship between compaction curves and compression indexes in the unsaturated state that is used in the proposed
constitutive model. Based on the constitutive model, the stress paths for constant volume shear tests are formulated under
a constant void ratio condition and the stress paths for undrained shear tests are calculated under a constant water content
condition. In the case of unsaturated specimens, the volume of these specimens changes with the shear deformation and the
stress paths depend on the initial degree of saturation. The results of the calculation qualitatively describe the test results
by considering the changes in effective confining pressure in the undrained condition and the water retention curves. 相似文献
4.
A number of cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on mine tailings and natural sediment samples under undrained conditions
to investigate their resistance to cyclic loading. The tests were performed on more than 100 samples with a cyclic shear stress
ratio ranging from 0.10 to 0.40 under varying void ratio and the same confining pressure. It was observed that the axial strain
and excess pore water pressure increased with the number of loading cycles while the effective stress decreased with increasing
number of loading cycles. The liquefaction resistance of the tailings was also observed to be higher than that of natural
soils with similar particle size distribution, void ratio and plasticity index. It was observed that the influence of specific
gravity on the cyclic strength of mine tailings is significant. The results showed that the cyclic resistance of the tailings
was not strongly influenced by plasticity index for low plasticity tailings. A boundary relationship between void ratio and
normalized cyclic resistance ratio was established based on the results. 相似文献
5.
During the last mid-century, the Chlef area was strongly affected by two earthquakes. From the geological context, there were numerous ejections onto the ground level of great masses of sandy soils and large displacements of various forms of some building foundations. These damages are due to soil liquefaction problem. This loss of shear strength can be attributed to many factors. History of recent cases indicates that sand deposited with silt content is much more liquefiable than clean sand. Therefore, a deep understanding of silty sand behavior is needed for the liquefaction assessment of silty sandy soils. Moreover, during seismic shaking, the post-liquefaction behavior of silty sand and, consequently, the stability of structures founded on liquefied soil depend on the steady-state shear strength of soil. The objective of this laboratory investigation is to show the effect of silt contents and the relative density on the mechanical behavior of such soils in monotonic loading. In this context, a series of undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines content ranging from 0% to 40%. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant to 100 kPa. The fines content and the global void ratio are expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio. Linear correlations relating the undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense, and dense (D r?=?12%, 50%, and 90% before consolidation) sand–silt mixtures to the equivalent void ratio are obtained. The concept of the equivalent void ratio will then be used as a key parameter to express the dilatancy behavior of both clean and silty sand soils. Moreover, from the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not represent the actual behavior of the soil as well. 相似文献
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8.
常剪应力路径下含气砂土的三轴试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物完全分解时,产生的气体使得能源土孔隙压力急速增加,有效应力减小,进而引起土体液化破坏。此时深海能源土斜坡的应力状态与静力液化失稳过程可简化为含气土在常剪应力排水(或不排水)应力路径下的破坏问题。以此为背景,提出了制备含气砂土试样的改进充气管法,并开展了含气砂土的常剪应力路径三轴试验。22组试验结果表明:同一孔隙比的含气密砂在不同围压与常剪应力下具有相同的失稳线;含气砂土试样失稳时的应力比和体变均随初始相对密实度的增大而增大;含气密砂在常剪应力路径下饱和度对失稳特征影响的规律性在排水与不排水条件下均不明显,但在不排水条件下含气砂土的孔压(或体变)对变形的敏感性降低;含气密砂在常剪应力路径到达失稳点之后,排水条件下是瞬变的液化鼓胀破坏,不排水条件下是渐变的剪切破坏。 相似文献
9.
Xiong Yong-lin Ye Guan-lin Xie Yi Ye Bin Zhang Sheng Zhang Feng 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(2):313-328
This study presents a sophisticated elastoplastic constitutive model for unsaturated soil using Bishop-type skeleton stress and degree of saturation as state variables in the framework of critical state soil mechanism. The model is proposed in order to describe the coupled hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soil irrespective of what kind of the loadings or the drainage conditions may be. At the same time, a water retention characteristic curve considering the influence of deformation on degree of saturation is also proposed. In the model, the superloading and subloading concepts are introduced to consider the influences of overconsolidation and structure on deformation and strength of soils. The proposed model only employs nine parameters, among which five parameters are the same as those used in Cam-Clay model. The other four parameters have the clear physical meanings and can be easily determined by conventional soil tests. The capability and accuracy of the proposed model have been validated carefully through a series of laboratory tests such as isotropic loading tests and triaxial monotonic and cyclic compression tests under different mechanical and hydraulic conditions.
相似文献10.
针对某大型水电站揭露的原状层间错动带试样,模拟现场快速施工可能会产生的不排水边界条件,在围压5～30 MPa的高压力条件下开展了不固结不排水三轴试验,并结合试样物理性质的差异,分析讨论了原状层间错动带的力学特性。试样试验曲线和破坏模式主要由高围压控制：其应力-应变关系曲线均为应变硬化型且破坏后呈腰鼓状为塑性破坏。此外,较湿颗粒发生了大规模的颗粒破碎,其是造成高饱和度试样强度包线的趋势线随围压降低的根本原因。试验结果明显受物理性质影响造成了试验数据离散性,敏感性分析表明,围压P和饱和度 对初始弹性模量 和破坏强度 的影响最大,其次是孔隙比e,颗粒粒径（ ）分布对其影响程度最小。根据试样剪切特性建立的强度特征（ 和 ）初步预测公式可供实际工程参考。 相似文献
11.
非饱和土的应力状态变量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以热力学和连续介质力学的应力理论为基础,从非饱和土的土骨架平衡方程出发,导出了一系列应力状态变量,目前文献中所使用的应力状态变量都在其中。研究发现：非饱和土的应力状态变量有多种组合形式（5组以上）,不是惟一的;大多数应力状态变量与土的孔隙率、饱和度等物性指标孪生相伴;所有应力状态变量都具有应力的量纲,单纯孔隙率或饱和度及其组合都不构成应力状态变量;简化的Bishop有效应力公式和Fredlund倡导的两个应力状态变量都是简化了的应力状态变量,前者忽略了孔隙率的影响,而后者忽略了与孔隙率及饱和度的关联性。在选择应力状态变量时应考虑理论合理、应用方便、逻辑关系正确的原则,还应做一定的验证工作。 相似文献
12.
The aim of this paper is to extend the generalized plasticity state parameter‐based model presented in part 1 to reproduce the hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. The proposed model is based on two pairs of stress–strain variables and a suitable hardening law taking into account the bonding—debonding effect of suction and degree of saturation. A generalized state parameter for unsaturated state is proposed to reproduce soil behavior using a single set of material parameters. Generalized plasticity gives a suitable framework to reproduce not only monotonic stress path but also cyclic behavior. The hydraulic hysteresis during a drying—wetting cycle and the void ratio effect on the hydraulic behavior is introduced. Comparison between model simulations and a series of experimental data available, both cohesive and granular, are given to illustrate the accuracy of the enhanced generalized plasticity equation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Bujang B. K. Huat Faisal Hj. Ali F. H. Choong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1527-1544
Residual soils occur in most countries of the world but those that occur in greater area and depth are usually found in the
tropical humid areas. This research examines the effects of loading rate of applied or net mean stress on the volume change
behavior of an unsaturated granitic residual soil. Three loading rates were adopted: fast, slow and extra slow loading rate.
It was observed that the loading rate of applied or net mean stress has a pronounced effect on the void ratio and degree of
saturation but has an insignificant effect on the water content of residual soils subjected to constant matric suction. 相似文献
14.
饱和土体静态液化失稳理论预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在屈服准则和剪胀性方程中引入材料状态参数,建立了一个与材料状态相关的本构模型,用于模拟不同初始孔隙比和围压下土体的应力-应变关系。基于二阶功理论,建立了饱和土体静态液化失稳理论判别准则。通过预测一系列饱和松砂三轴不排水试验结果,验证了所建立的本构模型及判别预测准则的合理性。分析结果表明,静态液化发生于土体硬化阶段,静态液化触发伴随着剪应力达到峰值,其后剪应力降低且孔隙水压力持续增长。进一步地,模拟了充分降解的城市固体废弃物在不排水条件下的应力-应变特性,并预测到了潜在失稳线及静态液化触发点。 相似文献
15.
The Barcelona basic model cannot predict the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils, whereas the Barcelona expansive model (BExM) can only predict the stress–strain behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils without the water‐retention behaviour being incorporated. Moreover, the micro‐parameters and the coupling function between micro‐structural and macro‐structural strains in the BExM are difficult to determine. Experimental data show that the compression curves for non‐expansive soils under constant suctions are shifted towards higher void ratios with increasing suction, whereas the opposite is true for expansive soils. According to the observed water‐retention behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils, the air‐entry value increases with density, and the relationship between the degree of saturation and void ratio is linear at constant suction. According to the above observation, an elastoplastic constitutive model is developed for predicting the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils, based on the existing hydro‐mechanical model for non‐expansive unsaturated soil. The model takes into consideration the effect of degree of saturation on the mechanical behaviour and that of void ratio on the water‐retention behaviour. The concept of equivalent void ratio curve is introduced to distinguish the plastic potential curve from the yield curve. The model predictions are compared with the test results of an unsaturated expansive soil, including swelling tests under constant net stress, isotropic compression tests and triaxial shear tests under constant suction. The comparison indicates that the model offers great potential for quantitatively predicting the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
传统的土拱效应理论是基于上覆土体为无黏性土或饱和黏性土建立的,但非饱和状态是实际土体的常见情形,其力学特性受自然环境变化的影响。针对这一问题,基于太沙基（Terzaghi）平面土拱效应分析模型和土体单元主应力轴旋转理论,建立了考虑基质吸力的土拱效应松动土压力分析模型。依次给出了基质吸力在上覆土体内呈均匀分布、梯形分布、正三角分布和倒三角分布时的松动土压力和侧压力系数表达式。为验证该分析模型的正确性,采用FLAC建立了Trapdoor数值模型,理论计算与FLAC模拟结果非常吻合。最后,着重分析了上覆土体的饱和度、厚度、Trapdoor宽度、地下水上升和降雨等因素对松动土压力的影响。研究发现,松动土压力随土体饱和度先减小后增大,当达到进气值所对应的饱和度时松动土压力最小。 相似文献
17.
A large number of constitutive models for geomaterials, such as soils and rocks, have been proposed over the last three decades. Those models have been implemented into computer codes and have been successfully used to solve practical engineering problems particularly under monotonic loading conditions. Compared with the models for monotonic loadings, more improvements for cyclic models are necessary in order to obtain more accurate predictions for the dynamic behavior of geomaterials, e.g., the behavior during earthquakes. A cyclic elastoplastic model has been developed in this study for sandy soils; it is based on the kinematical hardening rule with a yield function that includes the changes in the stress ratio and the mean effective stress considering the degradation of the yield surface. From a simulation with the present model, it has been found that strong non-associativity leads to a large decrease in the mean effective stress during cyclic deformations under undrained conditions, while the model with the associated flow rule does not. This result is quite important because the mean effective stress becomes almost zero at the state of full liquefaction. Compared with the experimental results, the model can accurately reproduce the cyclic behavior of soil. 相似文献
18.
非饱和粉土的液化特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用非饱和土动三轴试验仪,对非饱和粉土进行动力强度试验,探讨了饱和度、动应力比及固结围压对非饱和粉土动力强度特性、液化特性及孔压特性的影响。试验结果表明：（1）非饱和粉土的动强度随饱和度的增加而下降,在相同动剪应力比下饱和度与液化振次在半对数坐标上成线性关系;（2）非饱和粉土的液化与不液化的临界曲线近似成S型,非饱和粉土的抗液化能力随饱和度增大而降低,当饱和度小于60%时,土样不会液化;（3）非饱和粉土的动孔压随振次增大而增长,孔压的增长呈现出三段式的模式。 相似文献
19.
The undrained shear behaviour of sands has been a key topic after the devastating geo-disasters during the 1964 Niigata Earthquake
in Japan. Extensive geo-technical soil tests, especially undrained triaxial compression tests, have revealed that the liquefaction
phenomenon was the major cause for the disaster expansions. To numerically reproduce the liquefaction phenomenon, the pore-water
pressure was coupled with a distinct element method. In this model, the dynamic changes in pore-water pressure were taken
into consideration by the changes in volumetric strain and modulus of compressibility of water in the respective measurement
spheres. Fluid-flows among the measurement spheres were controlled by Darcy’s law. The effective stress paths and steady state
strengths in undrained triaxial compression tests associated with the wide ranges of initial void ratio were investigated.
The effective mean stresses of medium-dense to dense numerical specimens at the steady state were negatively proportional
to the initial void ratio. Loose numerical specimens reproduced quasi-liquefaction with the effective mean stresses that were
less than 25% of the initial value. The medium-dense numerical specimens reproduced the phase transformation that was a typical
characteristic of granular materials. The rolling restraints did not much influence of the effective angle of internal friction
but strongly affected pore-water pressure behaviour within a certain range of initial void ratio. 相似文献
20.
通过一系列不排水动三轴试验探究了饱和黄土振动液化过程中孔隙水压力和累积耗散能量的演化模式,并讨论了围压、动应力幅值和固结应力比对其演化过程的影响。结果表明：饱和黄土的孔隙水压力和耗散能量随着循环荷载作用逐渐累积。固结围压抑制孔隙水压力增长而消耗更多能量;更大的动应力幅值使得孔隙水压力增长更快而消耗能量更少;等压固结下,孔隙水压力增长至围压从而触发初始液化,而偏压固结下,通常先达到振动液化应变标准而孔隙水压力并没有增长至围压水平,并且固结应力比越大,液化时孔隙水压力越小,消耗能量也更少。归一化孔隙水压力u/σ0’与累积耗散能量W/Wf之间关系受围压、循环应力比和固结应力比影响较小,可统一用双曲线模型表示。 相似文献