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1.
This paper investigates the potential of two variants of extreme learning machine based regression approaches in predicting the resilient modulus of cohesive soils. Support vector regression was used to compare the performance of the proposed extreme learning machine based regression approaches. The dataset used in this study was derived from literature and consists of 9 input parameters with a total of 891 cases. For testing, two methods i.e. train/test and tenfold cross validation was used. In case of train and test methods, a total of 594 randomly selected cases were used to train different algorithms and the remaining 297 data were used to test the created models. Correlation coefficient value of 0.991 (root mean square error = 3.47 MPa) was achieved by polynomial kernel based extreme learning machine in comparison to 0.990 and 0.990 (root mean square error = 4.790 and 4.290 MPa) by simple extreme learning machine and radial basis kernel function based support vector regression respectively with test dataset. Comparisons of results with tenfold cross validation also suggest that polynomial kernel based extreme learning machine works well in terms of root mean square error and computational cost with the used dataset. Sensitivity analysis suggests the importance of confining stress and deviator stress in predicting the resilient modulus when using with polynomial kernel based extreme learning machine modeling approach. 相似文献
2.
岩石与矿物的地球化学成分数据具有高维度特征。传统的岩矿地球化学成分研究主要采用二元/三元图解判别法,准确率不高,在数理统计方法上有欠缺。机器学习方法非常适用于对大样本高维度的岩矿成分数据进行数理统计处理。本文在介绍机器学习常见算法基本原理的基础上,总结近5年来国内外学者将机器学习方法应用于岩石矿物成分数据研究的实例,包括：① 根据矿物成分溯源其母岩（源岩）、判别矿床类型,② 新生代火山岩溯源,③ 判别变质岩原岩,④ 依据岩浆岩成分判别大地构造环境等。已有的研究实例显示,机器学习方法的准确度明显优于传统的低维度判别法。机器学习本质是分析大样本数据的高维度变量之间的相关、归类等多元统计问题。推广机器学习的应用需要建设开放获取（Open Access）的矿物、岩石成分数据库,同时全面实施开放研究（Open Research）的发表策略。 相似文献
3.
准确预测碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度和渗透率对于碳酸盐岩油气藏储层评价具有重要意义。碳酸盐岩储层裂缝与溶孔广泛发育,基于经验公式从测井曲线预测储层孔隙度和渗透率具有较大误差。以中东某碳酸盐岩油藏为研究对象,选取914块取心井岩心,测定孔隙度与渗透率,利用随机森林（RF）、K-近邻（KNN）、支持向量机（SVM）和长短期记忆网络（LSTM）4种不同机器学习方法,通过测井数据进行孔隙度与渗透率预测,优化机器学习参数,筛选出适用于碳酸盐岩油藏的测井孔隙度与渗透率预测方法。研究结果表明：4种机器学习方法预测储层孔隙度结果差异不大,通过调整输入参数种类,可进一步提高孔隙度与渗透率预测效果,当以补偿中子（NPHI）、岩性密度（RHOB）和声波时差（DT）3种测井参数数据作为输入时,基于LSTM的储层孔隙度预测精度最高,孔隙度预测结果均方根误差（RMSE）为4.536 2;由于碳酸盐岩储层的强非均质性,基于机器学习的测井储层渗透率预测效果较差,相对而言,仅以NPHI作为机器学习输入参数时,基于RF的储层渗透率预测精度最高,渗透率预测结果的RMSE为45.882 3。 相似文献
4.
边坡位移是滑坡演化的宏观体现,分析并预测滑坡位移发展态势对于防灾减灾具有重要意义。由于滑坡位移曲线具有明显的非线性特征,单一模型往往难以刻画其非线性与复杂性。为发展一种普遍适用于滑坡位移的预测方法,提出了一种联合多种数据驱动模型的新方法。该方法根据时间序列分析理论,将滑坡位移序列分解为趋势项和周期项,趋势项采用并联型灰色神经网络处理,周期项则采用人工蜂群算法（ABC）优化后的极限学习机模型（ELM）处理,从而充分应用各种模型的优点。以三峡库区白水河和八字门滑坡为例,对位移数据进行分析处理后,灰色神经网络模型预测其趋势性位移,改进后的极限学习机模型对周期性位移进行训练及预测。结果表明:在预测精度上,优化后的极限学习机模型准确度高于极限学习机模型及小波神经网络等方法,提出的灰色神经网络与ABC-ELM的组合模型可作为实际工程的一个参考。 相似文献
5.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):871-883
Landslides are abundant in mountainous regions.They are responsible for substantial damages and losses in those areas.The A1 Highway,which is an important road in Algeria,was sometimes constructed in mountainous and/or semi-mountainous areas.Previous studies of landslide susceptibility mapping conducted near this road using statistical and expert methods have yielded ordinary results.In this research,we are interested in how do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps in the vicinity of the A1 Highway corridor.To do this,an important section at Ain Bouziane(NE,Algeria) is chosen as a case study to evaluate the landslide susceptibility using three different machine learning methods,namely,random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and boosted regression tree(BRT).First,an inventory map and nine input factors were prepared for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) analyses.The three models were constructed to find the most susceptible areas to this phenomenon.The results were assessed by calculating the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve,the standard error(Std.error),and the confidence interval(CI) at 95%.The RF model reached the highest predictive accuracy(AUC=97.2%) comparatively to the other models.The outcomes of this research proved that the obtained machine learning models had the ability to predict future landslide locations in this important road section.In addition,their application gives an improvement of the accuracy of LSMs near the road corridor.The machine learning models may become an important prediction tool that will identify landslide alleviation actions. 相似文献
6.
Least square support vector machine and relevance vector machine for evaluating seismic liquefaction potential using SPT 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Pijush Samui 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(2):811-822
The determination of liquefaction potential of soil is an imperative task in earthquake geotechnical engineering. The current
research aims at proposing least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM) as novel classification
techniques for the determination of liquefaction potential of soil from actual standard penetration test (SPT) data. The LSSVM
is a statistical learning method that has a self-contained basis of statistical learning theory and excellent learning performance.
RVM is based on a Bayesian formulation. It can generalize well and provide inferences at low computational cost. Both models
give probabilistic output. A comparative study has been also done between developed two models and artificial neural network
model. The study shows that RVM is the best model for the prediction of liquefaction potential of soil is based on SPT data. 相似文献
7.
Two algorithms are outlined, each of which has interesting features for modeling of spatial variability of rock depth. In
this paper, reduced level of rock at Bangalore, India, is arrived from the 652 boreholes data in the area covering 220 sq⋅km.
Support vector machine (SVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM) have been utilized to predict the reduced level of rock in
the subsurface of Bangalore and to study the spatial variability of the rock depth. The support vector machine (SVM) that
is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning theory uses regression technique by introducing ε-insensitive loss function has been adopted. RVM is a probabilistic model similar to the widespread SVM, but where the training
takes place in a Bayesian framework. Prediction results show the ability of learning machine to build accurate models for
spatial variability of rock depth with strong predictive capabilities. The paper also highlights the capability of RVM over
the SVM model. 相似文献
8.
Landslide identification is critical for risk assessment and mitigation.This paper proposes a novel machinelearning and deep-learning method to identify natural-terrain landslides using integrated geodatabases.First,landslide-related data are compiled,including topographic data,geological data and rainfall-related data.Then,three integrated geodatabases are established;namely,Recent Landslide Database(Rec LD),Relict Landslide Database(Rel LD)and Joint Landslide Database(JLD).After that,five machine learning and deep learning algorithms,including logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),boosting methods and convolutional neural network(CNN),are utilized and evaluated on each database.A case study in Lantau,Hong Kong,is conducted to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.From the results of the case study,CNN achieves an identification accuracy of 92.5%on Rec LD,and outperforms other algorithms due to its strengths in feature extraction and multi dimensional data processing.Boosting methods come second in terms of accuracy,followed by RF,LR and SVM.By using machine learning and deep learning techniques,the proposed landslide identification method shows outstanding robustness and great potential in tackling the landslide identification problem. 相似文献
9.
加权支持向量回归机及其在水质预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
支持向量机是一种基于结构风险最小化原理的学习技术，也是一种新的具有很好泛化性能的回归方法。本文对用于回归估计的标准支持向量机加以改进，提出了一种新的用于回归估计的支持向量机学习算法，针对各样本重要性的差异，给各个样本的惩罚系数和误差要求赋予不同权重，并利用加权支持向量回归机的理论及其算法构建水质预测模型。实验结果表明，该方法对水质具有较好的预测效果。 相似文献
10.
地质领域机器学习、深度学习及实现语言 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
地质大数据正在以指数形式增长。只有发展智能数据处理方法才有可能追上大数据的超常增长。机器学习是人工智能的核心,是使计算机具有智能的根本途径。机器学习已成为地质大数据研究的前沿热点,它将让地质大数据插上翅膀,并因此改变地质。机器学习是一个源于数据的模型的训练过程,最终给出一个面向某种性能度量的决策。深度学习是机器学习研究中的一个重要子类,它通过构建具有很多隐层的机器学习模型和海量的训练数据,来学习更有用的特征,从而最终提升分类或预测的准确性。卷积神经网络算法是最为常用的一种深度学习算法之一,它广泛用于图像识别和语音分析等。Python语言在科学领域的地位占据着越来越重要。其下的Scikit-Learn是一个机器学习相关的库,提供有数据预处理、分类、回归、聚类、预测、模型分析等算法。Keras是一个基于Theano/Tensorflow的深度学习库,可以应用来搭建简洁的人工神经网络。 相似文献
11.
基于支持向量机分类算法的湖泊水质评价研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
支持向量机（SVM）是由Vapnik等人提出的建立在统计学习理论基础上的一种小样本机器学习方法,最初用于解决二分类问题。由于使用结构风险最小化原则代替经验风险最小化原则,使它较好地解决了小样本情况下的学习问题。又由于采用了核函数思想,使它将非线性问题转化为线性问题来解决,降低了算法的复杂度。利用支持向量机多类分类算法,构建湖泊水环境评价模型。实验结果表明,该方法能够正确地对湖泊水环境质量进行分类评价。 相似文献
12.
Acta Geotechnica - This study systematically presents the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms for constructing a constitutive model for soils. A genetic algorithm is integrated with ML... 相似文献
13.
矿物智能识别是地球科学与信息科学的重要交叉方向,显示出强大的生命力.本文在调研国内外研究动态的基础上,把矿物智能识别划分为4个阶段,即矿物采集、数据获取、模型构建、分类判别;根据测试方法和获得的数据类型,把矿物智能识别分为基于化学成分、显微光学图片、光谱分析的3条基本路线;总结了应用于矿物智能识别的机器学习方法和技术,包括统计学习、线性回归模型、距离度量模型、树结构模型、神经网络模型及其与样本问题相关的新技术.在此基础上,提出消除地质学与人工智能的鸿沟、建设可用于学习的高质量矿物数据集、完善适合矿物智能识别的机器学习方法、增进模型可解释性、加强工业推广的实践是该领域未来的重点发展方向. 相似文献
14.
支持向量机是基于结构风险最小化原理的机器学习技术,在广泛收集金属矿山采空区失稳塌陷时间资料的基础上,建立了基于支持向量机的采空区稳定时间的预计模型。通过对采空区稳定时间测试样本的预测研究表明,用支持向量机来预计采空区的稳定时间是可行的。 相似文献
15.
随着计算机科学和地质大数据技术的迅猛发展,数值模拟和机器学习已成为当今地学领域定量发展的重要前沿方向。数值模拟综合运用了研究区地质、构造、地球物理、地球化学等多源信息,将成矿条件与过程进行量化模拟分析,对研究成矿动力学演化过程及成矿响应有重要意义,可对已有成矿要素/信息在时空上进行扩展/外推,扩大了成矿预测信息的广度和深度,为解决深部成矿预测中获取深部信息难题提供了一种可能的有效途径。支持向量机是一种重要的机器学习分类算法,它具有简洁、方便、高效和计算结果较稳定等特点,在众多领域中得以成功应用,是成矿预测中多源信息提取与融合的一种可靠的技术手段。为了充分利用数值模拟与机器学习的优势,本文提出将计算机数值模拟方法和机器学习(即支持向量机算法)相结合来进行深部成矿预测的新方法。以粤北凡口超大型铅锌矿为例,首先,对凡口矿区勘探线剖面进行构造应力场模拟;进而,以已知钻孔数据作为训练集和测试集,运用支持向量机算法对模拟结果中的不同参量(也即模拟所得的成矿条件)进行训练学习;最后,建立相应的定量找矿预测模型对研究区(或剖面)外围和深部找矿进行预测评价。研究结果表明,本文所建立的预测模型精确度和召回率都较好,预测结果显示出了三个成矿可能较大的区域,说明数值模拟技术和机器学习算法结合应用的效果较好。这种新的成矿预测方法为深部找矿预测提供了一种可行的新思路和新途径,可以有效地拓展运用到其他矿区、其他类型矿床的深部找矿预测工作中。 相似文献
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17.
基于聚类-二叉树支持向量机的砂土液化预测模型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
建立在统计学习理论基础之上的支持向量机（SVM）,是一种基于结构风险最小的小样本机器学习方法。经典的支持向量机主要针对二分类问题,而工程实践中遇到的往往是多分类问题。根据影响砂土液化的主要因素,采用聚类分析中的类距离思想,建立了基于聚类-二叉树的多类支持向量机的砂土液化判别模型。该模型可以通过有限样本的学习,建立砂土液化与各影响因素之间的非线性关系。研究结果表明,基于聚类-二叉树支持向量机的层次结构合理,分类精度高,泛化性好,可对砂土液化等级进行较准确判别 相似文献
18.
受潮汐、径流、风速风向、地形变化等多种海陆要素交互作用,河口区盐水入侵呈高度不确定性与非线性特征,盐度预报难度较大.利用在线学习算法与误差自回归修正方法在水文预报中时效性更强的优点,构建一种耦合在线序列极限学习机-误差修正(OSELM-EC)盐水入侵预报模型,选取珠江河口区磨刀门水道为典型研究区进行逐日盐度预报.结果表... 相似文献
19.
Accurate assessment of undrained shear strength(USS)for soft sensitive clays is a great concern in geotechnical engineering practice.This study applies novel data-driven extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest(RF)ensemble learning methods for capturing the relationships between the USS and various basic soil parameters.Based on the soil data sets from TC304 database,a general approach is developed to predict the USS of soft clays using the two machine learning methods above,where five feature variables including the preconsolidation stress(PS),vertical effective stress(VES),liquid limit(LL),plastic limit(PL)and natural water content(W)are adopted.To reduce the dependence on the rule of thumb and inefficient brute-force search,the Bayesian optimization method is applied to determine the appropriate model hyper-parameters of both XGBoost and RF.The developed models are comprehensively compared with three comparison machine learning methods and two transformation models with respect to predictive accuracy and robustness under 5-fold cross-validation(CV).It is shown that XGBoost-based and RF-based methods outperform these approaches.Besides,the XGBoostbased model provides feature importance ranks,which makes it a promising tool in the prediction of geotechnical parameters and enhances the interpretability of model. 相似文献
20.
Chao Zhou Kunlong Yin Ying Cao Emanuele Intrieri Bayes Ahmed Filippo Catani 《Landslides》2018,15(11):2211-2225
Landslide displacement prediction is an essential component for developing landslide early warning systems. In the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA), landslides experience step-like deformations (i.e., periods of stability interrupted by abrupt accelerations) generally from April to September due to the influence of precipitation and reservoir scheduled level variations. With respect to many traditional machine learning techniques, two issues exist relative to displacement prediction, namely the random fluctuation of prediction results and inaccurate prediction when step-like deformations take place. In this study, a novel and original prediction method was proposed by combining the wavelet transform (WT) and particle swarm optimization-kernel extreme learning machine (PSO-KELM) methods, and by considering the landslide causal factors. A typical landslide with a step-like behavior, the Baishuihe landslide in TGRA, was taken as a case study. The cumulated total displacement was decomposed into trend displacement, periodic displacement (controlled by internal geological conditions and external triggering factors respectively), and noise. The displacement items were predicted separately by multi-factor PSO-KELM considering various causal factors, and the total displacement was obtained by summing them up. An accurate prediction was achieved by the proposed method, including the step-like deformation period. The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of the multi-factor extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector regression (SVR), backward propagation neural network (BPNN), and single-factor PSO-KELM. Results show that the PSO-KELM outperforms the other models, and the prediction accuracy can be improved by considering causal factors. 相似文献